记者丨唐婧 编辑丨肖嘉 视频编辑 丨 柳润瑛 张迎 9月26日，中国人民银行货币政策委员会2025年第三季度例会内容公布。此次会议作为判断未 来一段时间货币政策走向的重要风向标，释放出一系列关键政策信号。 本次例会还强调，把做强国内大循环摆到更加突出的位置，统筹好总供给和总需求的关系， 增强宏观政策协调配合，保持政策连续性稳定性，增强灵活性预见性，扩大内需、稳定预 期、激发活力，巩固拓展经济回升向好势头。 对比第二季度例会内容来看， 本次例会删去了"加力实施增量政策"的相关表述，并强调要"保 持政策连续性稳定性，增强灵活性预见性"，这也与7月30日中央政治局会议的要求一脉相承 。 彼时，粤开证券首席经济学家兼研究院院长罗志恒曾向记者解读，7月中央政治局会议更加强 调落实已出台的财政货币政策，做好政策接续，不搞大拐弯，让经营主体有稳定的政策预期 和市场预期，推动经济持续平稳运行；同时也要根据形势变化做出灵活调整，前瞻研判下半 年出口、房地产等情况，及时提前果断出台新的增量政策，加大逆周期调节力度。 在研判国内外经济金融形势时，会议认为当前外部环境更趋复杂严峻，世界经济增长动能减 弱，贸易壁垒增多，主要经济体经济 ...

Core Viewpoint - China's monetary policy is shifting towards using reserve requirement ratio (RRR) cuts instead of aggressive interest rate cuts to protect bank interest margins and maintain indirect financing channels, while also allowing for gradual interest rate reductions and innovative structural tools to stabilize finance and promote transformation [1][2]. Group 1: Monetary Policy Adjustments - Since 2016, China has adjusted the RRR 23 times, all downward, reducing the RRR for major deposit-taking financial institutions from 17.5% to 9.0%, a total decrease of 8.5 percentage points [3]. - In contrast, the policy interest rates have only been adjusted 14 times since 2016, indicating a preference for RRR cuts over significant interest rate reductions [3][4]. - The current average RRR for Chinese financial institutions is approximately 6.2%, suggesting substantial room for further RRR cuts compared to major economies where RRR tools are less utilized [5]. Group 2: Impact on Banking Sector - The net interest margin for commercial banks in China has decreased to 1.42%, the lowest on record, which raises concerns about the sustainability of the banking sector if interest rates are cut too aggressively [3][4]. - The banking sector is crucial for supporting the real economy, as it accounts for 89.7% of financing in China, compared to only 42% in the U.S., where direct financing plays a larger role [4]. Group 3: Fiscal and Monetary Policy Coordination - RRR cuts will increase the funds available for commercial banks, enabling them to better support proactive fiscal policies, as approximately 68% of national debt and 75% of local government debt is held by commercial banks [6]. - The effectiveness of monetary policy is contingent on the cooperation of commercial banks and the financial system, especially given the low excess reserve ratio in China [6]. Group 4: Interest Rate Dynamics - There is limited elasticity of consumption and investment to interest rate changes in China, which diminishes the effectiveness of interest rate cuts in stimulating economic activity [8]. - The decline in interest rates has led to a reduction in household deposits, with a decrease of 1.11 trillion yuan in July, indicating a relationship between lower interest rates and reduced savings [8]. - Despite the current low inflation and a slight appreciation of the yuan against the dollar, there remains room for further interest rate cuts, especially as external conditions improve with potential U.S. rate cuts [8][9]. Group 5: Structural Monetary Policy Tools - China has been innovating structural monetary policy tools, which have become increasingly important in supporting weak economic sectors and key areas such as technology innovation and green development [9]. - As of the end of 2024, structural monetary policy tools are expected to account for approximately 14.2% of total bank assets in China, highlighting their growing significance [9].