Core Viewpoint - The banking industry is undergoing a transformation in response to declining deposit interest rates, with a focus on diversifying income sources and enhancing digital capabilities to attract customers and stabilize net interest margins [1][5][8]. Group 1: Deposit Rate Changes - Major state-owned banks have initiated a reduction in deposit interest rates, leading to a widespread trend among small and private banks, pushing deposit rates into the "1 era" [1][2]. - The rates for large-denomination certificates of deposit (CDs) have also significantly decreased, with some banks removing long-term CD products altogether [1][2]. - The current rates for 3-year CDs from major banks have dropped to 1.55%, while 1-year and 2-year products are at 1.2% [2]. Group 2: Innovative Customer Acquisition Strategies - Banks are implementing innovative strategies to attract deposits, such as promotional activities that offer gifts or experiences for account openings [3]. - In the loan sector, banks are offering ultra-low interest rates on consumer loans, including 5-year interest-free auto loans and home renovation loans at rates as low as 2.4% [3]. Group 3: Shift to Non-Interest Income - With the decline in deposit attractiveness, banks are increasingly promoting wealth management products and structured deposits as alternatives to traditional savings [5][7]. - The average yield for these alternative products is between 2% and 3%, which helps banks lower overall funding costs while meeting customer demand for higher returns [5]. - Many banks are focusing on increasing non-interest income to enhance operational resilience and diversify revenue streams [6][7]. Group 4: Digital Transformation and Cost Reduction - The banking sector is leveraging digital transformation as a key strategy to improve efficiency and reduce costs in the face of declining interest rates [8][11]. - International banking experiences, particularly from Japan, are being considered as models for optimizing asset-liability structures and enhancing non-interest income [8][10][11]. Group 5: Market Adaptation and Future Outlook - The adjustments in the banking sector are seen as necessary adaptations to the deepening market-oriented interest rate environment, aimed at stabilizing net interest margins amid narrowing spreads [4][6]. - The growth of wealth management services is viewed as a significant opportunity for banks, given the increasing awareness of financial management among consumers [7].

作 者丨张欣 编 辑丨周炎炎 图 源丨2 1世纪经济报道 梁远浩 摄 "好的时光总是要过去，我觉得我们进入低利率周期已经至少有两年了。" 近日，有银行业人 士 向 2 1 世 纪 经 济 报 道 记 者 感 慨 ， 商 业 银 行 正 从 " 寻 找 优 质 资 产 " 变 为 " 找 到 优 质 资 产 是 一 种 奢 望"。 降息步履不停。5月2 0日，新一期LPR出炉，1年期和5年期以上LPR双双下降1 0个基点。同一 天，六大国有银行和几家股份行接连宣布下调存款利率。 随着1 0年期国债收益率跌破 2%，商业银行净息差从2 0 2 1年的2 . 0 8%持续降至2 0 2 5年一季度 的1 . 4 3%，一场关乎行业发展的转型大考已然来临。 当前，我国正逐步向低利率时代过渡，结构性低利率已在部分领域显现 。据2 1世纪经济报道 记者综合了解，从日本1 9 9 9年、美国2 0 0 8年、欧洲2 0 0 9年先后进入低利率时代的经验看，一 旦进入该区间往往需要十年以上才能走出，而银行业能否在息差收窄的过程中重构盈利模式， 成为穿越周期的关键。 他山之石，可以攻玉。面对净息差持续收窄与收入结构快速调整的冲 ...

Core Viewpoint - The banking industry is transitioning into a low-interest-rate environment, which poses significant challenges for profitability and requires a strategic shift in business models [1][3][4]. Group 1: Current Economic Environment - The recent decline in the Loan Prime Rate (LPR) and the continuous drop in the 10-year government bond yield indicate a shift towards a low-interest-rate era in China [1][4]. - Historical experiences from Japan, the US, and Europe suggest that once a low-interest-rate environment is established, it may take over a decade to exit [3][4]. Group 2: Impact on Banking Sector - The net interest margin for commercial banks in China has decreased from 2.08% in 2021 to an expected 1.43% by Q1 2025, marking a cumulative decline of 65 basis points [1][4]. - The low-interest-rate environment is expected to lead to a decline in interest income for listed banks, with a projected 2.2% decrease in 2024 [5]. Group 3: Strategic Responses - Some banks are adopting strategies similar to those of Japanese banks, such as international expansion and diversification into non-interest income [2][8]. - Major banks like ICBC are implementing a "second growth curve" strategy to adapt to the new environment, focusing on comprehensive financial services [13][16]. Group 4: Lessons from International Experience - Japanese banks have successfully navigated low-interest rates by expanding overseas, adjusting loan structures, and increasing non-interest income [8][10]. - The shift towards a diversified income model is crucial for banks to mitigate the impact of declining interest margins [10][11]. Group 5: Future Outlook - The banking sector is expected to continue evolving, with a focus on enhancing operational efficiency, optimizing asset-liability structures, and leveraging technology to support growth [14][18]. - The emphasis on wealth management and private banking is increasing as banks seek to meet rising demand for asset preservation in a low-interest-rate context [13][14].

缩表大背景下，银行业在艰难爬坡。 随着监管趋严、大行下沉，中小银行正在面临资本管理、风险管控、核心竞争力建设等多方面挑战。 郑州银行的困境，折射了城商行转型阵痛的缩影。 作为全国首家"A+H"上市城商行，郑州银行过去三年在规模、质量与股东回报上均出现压力。 近日，郑州银行交上了董事长赵飞履新后首个财年2024年的答卷，分别录得营收、归母净利128.77亿元、18.76亿元，同比增速为-5.78%、1.39%。 在动辄10%、15%增速的城商行中，这个利润表现不算亮眼。 但对近两年盈利能力大幅缩水的郑州银行，这一成绩较上年同期已回升25.01个百分点，涨幅为目前A股上市城商行之最。 人事连续到位 近年业绩低迷的郑州银行，也曾有过高光时刻。 高速扩张的2013-2016年，连续4年将营收、净利增速维持在25%、15%以上； 2015年与2018年，先后登陆港交所、深交所，一时间风头无两。 这一阶段郑州银行营收、利润曾出现波动，但总体仍呈现增长态势。 直至2020年疫情后经济周期切换，重仓房地产的郑州银行风险敞口暴露、不良核销走高，业绩持续低迷，2023年的盈利能力甚至不及10年前； 由利润缩水、资本补充能力下降引 ...