环境成本将显性化为碳成本，嵌入工业品定价。具备"负碳"或"低碳"属性的 资产（绿铝、绿氢氨醇、零碳园区等）将获得绿色溢价；而高碳资产（工艺落后 的火电、钢铁、水泥、电解铝等）将面临利润的侵蚀。 2026 年 2 月 26 日 行业研究 碳排放双控转型推动碳成本重估，看好绿电的非电应用 ——碳中和深度报告（十四） 要点 在全球能源转型进入深水区的当下，过去十年的主题是绿电替代火电逻辑下风光 装机的增长，那么未来十年的核心逻辑将是绿电的"非电化应用"——即通过绿 氢、绿氨、绿醇等载体，将不稳定的可再生能源转化为稳定的工业原料和热能， 从而解决钢铁、化工、航运等行业的脱碳难题。 国内从"能耗双控"向"碳排放双控"的考核机制转变，使得高能耗不再是发展 的红线，高碳排才是；欧盟碳边境调节机制（CBAM）的实质性落地，迫使中国 出口型制造企业必须寻找绿电之外的脱碳路径。这种剪刀差效应将催生出巨大的 "绿电转化"市场。我们判断，2026-2030 年将是绿氢氨醇从工程示范走向平价 商业化的关键窗口期。 绿氢是绿电的核心非电应用，是碳双控政策转向的受益方向。在钢铁（氢冶金）、 化工（绿氨、绿甲醇）行业，绿氢可替代煤炭或天然气 ...

Group 1: Profit Trends - In 2025, the cumulative profit of national industrial enterprises increased by 0.6% year-on-year, reversing a three-year decline[3] - December 2025 saw a significant profit increase of 18.4% year-on-year, reaching 5.3%[4] - The profit margin improved by 15.5 percentage points compared to previous months, indicating a recovery in profitability[4] Group 2: Revenue and Costs - December 2025 revenue decreased by 3.2% year-on-year, a decline of 3.0 percentage points from the previous value[4] - The cost structure for every 100 yuan of revenue in December included costs of 83.6 yuan, expenses of 10.7 yuan, and profit contributions from investment income of 5.6 yuan[5] - The "investment income + other income" significantly improved, suggesting a strong performance in the stock market and commodity prices[5] Group 3: Sector Performance - The profit share of the midstream sector rose to 40.7%, while upstream and downstream sectors saw varying performance[6] - High-tech manufacturing sectors, such as integrated circuit manufacturing, showed remarkable growth rates of 172.6% and 128.0% respectively[6] - The profit growth gap between "anti-involution" and "non-anti-involution" industries narrowed to -2.6 percentage points, indicating a convergence in performance[6] Group 4: Inventory and Economic Outlook - The inventory-to-sales ratio increased, indicating a need for further domestic demand policies to stimulate the economy[7] - Overall, the industrial profit trend suggests a positive outlook for early 2026, supported by anticipated policy measures and a favorable base effect[7] - Risks include potential policy changes, geopolitical tensions, and unexpected economic downturns in the U.S.[7]

Group 1: Profit and Revenue Trends - Cumulative profit of large-scale industrial enterprises from January to October 2025 increased by 1.9% year-on-year, down from 3.2% previously[3] - Cumulative revenue for the same period rose by 1.8% year-on-year, a decrease from 2.4%[3] - In October, revenue showed a significant decline of approximately -3.3% year-on-year, a drop of 6.4 percentage points from the previous value[3] - Profit in October fell sharply by 27.1 percentage points to -5.5% year-on-year, aligning with earlier predictions of declining profit growth[3] Group 2: Factors Affecting Profitability - The contribution to October's profit growth from industrial value added, PPI, and profit margin year-on-year was +4.7, -2.1, and -6.1 percentage points respectively[3] - Increased costs, particularly financial expenses, significantly impacted profitability, with costs per 100 yuan of revenue at 85.6 yuan, up by 0.1 yuan from the previous year[4] - The profit structure showed that the share of midstream profits continued to rise, with midstream equipment manufacturing at 39.5%[5] Group 3: Inventory and Economic Outlook - Nominal inventory increased by 0.9 percentage points year-on-year to 3.7%, marking two consecutive months of inventory growth[6] - The overall economic outlook suggests that Q4 profits will remain under pressure due to the fading low base effect, but new productivity trends are improving[6] - Attention should be given to fiscal policies and the potential for profit recovery linked to improvements in US-China trade relations[6]

Group 1: Economic Performance - In the first four months of 2025, the cumulative profit of industrial enterprises increased by 1.4% year-on-year, up from 0.8% in the previous period[2] - Cumulative operating revenue for the same period rose by 3.2%, slightly down from 3.4% previously[2] - In April, the monthly revenue growth rate was approximately 2.6%, a decline of 1.8 percentage points from the previous value[3] Group 2: Profit Analysis - April's total profit increased by 0.4 percentage points to 3.0% year-on-year, continuing the improvement trend observed since the beginning of the year[3] - Private enterprises saw a profit increase of 4.3%, improving by 4.6 percentage points, while state-owned enterprises experienced a profit decline of 4.4%, worsening by 3.0 percentage points[3] - The contribution to April's profit growth from industrial value added, PPI, and profit margin was +6.0, -2.8, and -0.1 percentage points, respectively[3] Group 3: Sector Performance - In April, the profit share of upstream mining, midstream equipment, downstream consumption, and public utilities was 29.4%, 38.8%, 21%, and 10.8%, respectively[4] - Upstream profit growth declined by 2.2 percentage points to -9.6%, primarily due to reduced profits in non-ferrous metals and the petrochemical sector[4] - Midstream sectors benefited from policy support, with profit growth improving by 8.4% in computer and communication electronics, and 7.9% in electrical machinery[4] Group 4: Inventory and Future Outlook - Nominal inventory decreased slightly by 0.3 percentage points to 3.9%, while actual inventory fell by 0.1 percentage points to 6.6%[5] - The inventory growth rate remains higher than the revenue growth rate, indicating ongoing inventory pressure[5] - Future uncertainties in exports and potential challenges in various sectors may impact corporate profitability, necessitating attention to new fiscal policies and reserve measures[5]