2025 年 12 月 28 日 利润延续放缓，工企库销比显著走高 宏观研究团队 1、11 月营收增速低位回升、利润当月同比降幅扩大。测算 11 月营收当月同比 约-0.3%、较前值改善了 3.1 个百分点；利润当月同比则下行了 7.6 个百分点至 -13.1%，此前我们曾提示"考虑到 2024Q4 低基数逐步消退，预计工企利润高增 态势难继"。拆分来看（利润增速=工业增加值*PPI*利润率同比），三因子对 11 月利润增速的贡献分别为+4.4、-2.1、-11.4 个百分点。量（工增）的正贡献边 际下滑，价（PPI）的负贡献基本持平前值，利（利润率同比）的拖累有所扩大。 分类型来看，11 月国企、股份制、民企、外资企业的利润增速呈不同程度的下 行。 2、利润率四因子拆分来看，主要是费用和投资收益拖累较大。11 月工业企业每 百元营收构成中，成本、费用、投资收益+营业外收支、利润分别为 84.9、8.6、 -0.8、5.7 元，与 2024 年同期相比分别变动+0.03、+0.36、-0.34、-0.73 元。11 月 费用率拖累幅度接近 10 月水平，额外部分在于"投资收益+营业外收支"转弱， 或源于期间权 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the upcoming investment opportunities and risks in the A-share market as the year-end approaches, highlighting the significance of fundamental factors and policy directions for the next year [3][4]. Group 1: Cross-Year Market Logic and Historical Review - The A-share market exhibits seasonal characteristics, with a "cross-year market" being a notable investment window, showing over 70% probability of gains from November to January since 2010, with an average increase of 11.5% for the Shanghai Composite Index and 14.9% for the ChiNext Index during this period [5][6]. - The cross-year market typically lasts about 44 trading days, with historical data indicating varying performance based on previous year's market conditions [6][7]. - Factors contributing to this phenomenon include increased bank credit issuance at year-end, which enhances market liquidity, and positive signals from key policy meetings that boost market expectations [7][8]. Group 2: Special Background for 2024-2025 Cross-Year Market - The current macroeconomic environment presents unique conditions for the upcoming cross-year market, particularly with a moderate internal economic recovery and anticipated liquidity improvements from the Federal Reserve's interest rate cuts [13][14]. - The Federal Reserve has cut rates by 75 basis points throughout the year, signaling a potential end to the rate-cutting cycle, which may ease pressure on the RMB exchange rate [15][17]. - As the first year of the "14th Five-Year Plan," there is heightened policy expectation focusing on technological innovation and new productivity, which may lead to early market movements and increased volatility [17]. Group 3: Investment Opportunities Selection - The article suggests a positive outlook for the new year, emphasizing that internal economic recovery, policy support, and valuation corrections provide a solid foundation for A-shares [18]. - Recommended investment themes include the AI industry, globally competitive high-end manufacturing, and industries benefiting from supply-side optimization [18][20]. - Specific ETFs are highlighted for investment, such as those focusing on AI trends, advantageous manufacturing, and sectors experiencing supply-side improvements, providing efficient tools for investors to participate in the cross-year market [21][26][29].

Group 1: Profit and Revenue Trends - From January to September 2025, the cumulative profit of national industrial enterprises increased by 3.2% year-on-year, up from 0.9% previously[2] - In September, the monthly revenue of industrial enterprises improved by approximately 3.1% year-on-year, an increase of 0.8 percentage points from the previous value[3] - The profit growth rate for September rose by 1.2 percentage points to 21.6%, marking two consecutive months of high growth[3] Group 2: Profit Structure and Contributions - The contributions to September's profit growth were +7.0% from industrial value added, -2.6% from PPI, and +15.2% from profit margin year-on-year[3] - In September, the cost, expenses, investment income, and profit per 100 yuan of revenue were 85.4, 8.3, -0.8, and 5.5 yuan respectively, with significant contributions from reduced expenses[3] - The profit margin structure showed a notable decrease in expense rates, contributing positively to overall profitability[12] Group 3: Inventory and Economic Outlook - In September, nominal inventory increased by 0.5 percentage points to 2.8%, indicating the first shift to replenishing inventory this year[5] - The report anticipates increased downward pressure on economic growth in Q4, despite recent fiscal policy measures aimed at boosting investment[5] - The ongoing improvement in the "anti-involution" industries has led to a more significant profit recovery compared to non-anti-involution sectors, with a 3.9 percentage point improvement in cumulative profit year-on-year for anti-involution industries[4]

Core Insights - The report indicates that the US economy may oscillate between recession and stagflation, with potential fluctuations in trade barriers between the US and China [3] - The Chinese market is expected to return to low volatility pricing, with a mid-term style leaning towards value, oscillating between defensive and cyclical strategies [3] - Long-term optimism is expressed for sectors such as insurance, non-ferrous metals, energy, advanced internet technology, military trade, and anti-involution industries [3] - Short-term preferences include large financials, state-owned enterprises, anti-involution sectors, aviation, and liquor [3] Economic Overview - In September, China's PPI continued its upward trend, with a year-on-year change of -2.3%, improving from -2.9% previously. The recovery in prices is particularly evident in upstream mining and raw material processing [8][10] - China's exports saw significant improvement in September, with a year-on-year growth of 8.3%, up from 4.4% previously. Exports to the US showed notable improvement, while exports to the EU continued to rise [10][11] Market Performance - The Hong Kong stock market experienced declines, with the Hang Seng Index down by 3.97%, the Hang Seng China Enterprises Index down by 3.7%, and the Hang Seng Technology Index down by 7.98% [14] - The A-share market also faced a downturn, with the Shanghai Composite Index falling by 1.47%, and the STAR 50 Index showing a deeper decline [19] Sector Analysis - The financial and real estate sectors showed resilience, with gains amidst a broader market decline, while technology and advanced manufacturing sectors faced significant losses [30] - Within the banking sector, rural commercial banks, large state-owned banks, and city commercial banks outperformed, while consumer electronics, automation equipment, and wind power equipment lagged [33] Foreign Investment Trends - There was a divergence in foreign index futures positions, with net short positions in IC, IF, and IH increasing, while the net short position in IM decreased [41] Upcoming Focus - Key upcoming events include monitoring US CPI data and Chinese economic indicators, such as GDP growth and industrial output [47]

Core Insights - The report highlights the increased volatility in the Hong Kong stock market and suggests seizing opportunities during the Federal Reserve's interest rate decision window [1] - Analysts expect a general upward trend in the Hong Kong market, driven by improving corporate earnings and favorable policy signals [40] Market Review - During the week from September 1 to September 5, the Hong Kong stock indices showed collective strength, with the Hang Seng Index rising by 1.36% to 25,417.98 points, the Hang Seng Tech Index increasing by 0.23% to 5,687.45 points, and the Hang Seng China Enterprises Index up by 1.22% to 9,057.22 points [4][5] - Among the ten sectors, all but the telecommunications services sector saw gains, with healthcare, materials, and utilities leading the way with increases of 7.06%, 5.42%, and 2.79% respectively [5][12] Liquidity and Fund Flow - The average daily trading volume on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange was HKD 315.79 billion, a decrease of HKD 41.59 billion from the previous week [12] - Southbound funds recorded a net inflow of HKD 33.06 billion, an increase of HKD 10.88 billion compared to the previous week [12] Valuation and Risk Premium - As of September 5, the Hang Seng Index's PE and PB ratios were 11.5 times and 1.18 times, respectively, reflecting increases of 1.23% and 1.24% from the previous week, positioning them at the 85% and 82% percentiles since 2019 [18][20] - The risk premium for the Hang Seng Index was calculated at 4.6%, indicating a favorable valuation environment [20][25] Investment Outlook - The report suggests focusing on sectors with high earnings growth but relatively low valuations, such as consumer discretionary, daily consumer goods, and utilities [40] - It also highlights sectors benefiting from favorable policies, including the AI industry chain and consumer sectors, as well as high-dividend financial sectors that may provide stable returns amid uncertainties [40]

Core Viewpoint - A-share companies are currently experiencing a bottoming out in profitability, with a notable structural divergence in performance across sectors [2][3] Summary by Sections Overall Performance - A-share companies' total revenue growth for the first half of the year is -0.02%, while non-financial enterprises show a decline of -0.53% year-on-year, indicating a slight improvement compared to the first quarter [2] - Net profit growth for A-share companies is 2.42%, and for non-financial enterprises, it is 0.98%, both showing a decline from the first quarter [2] - The second quarter's net profit growth for non-financial enterprises reached a seasonal low since 2010, primarily driven by financial companies [2] - Return on Equity (ROE) for A-share companies is 7.76%, and for non-financial enterprises, it is 6.55%, both down from the previous quarter [2] - Cash flow analysis shows that while net cash flow remains negative, operational, investment, and financing cash flows have improved, with non-financial real estate companies maintaining high free cash flow levels, indicating strong potential for dividends [2] Structural Performance - High-tech and overseas-oriented companies are performing well, while domestic consumption sectors are still recovering [3] - The net profit growth for the Sci-Tech Innovation Board exceeded 20% in the second quarter, leading the market, with significant contributions from the AI, semiconductor, and innovative pharmaceutical sectors [3] - Companies focused on overseas markets, as indicated by the Outbound 50 Index, reported a revenue growth of 12% and a 0.6% increase in ROE, outperforming the overall market [3] - Companies with over 10% of revenue from overseas markets are seeing a recovery in profit margins and ROE, making overseas business a key growth driver [3] - In contrast, domestic consumer goods sectors have shown a significant decline in growth rates compared to the first quarter, indicating a need for recovery in domestic consumption [3] - Overall, A-share companies' profitability is gradually solidifying, with innovation and overseas expansion becoming new growth points [3]

Market Performance - The Hang Seng Index rose by 1.94% to close at 25,829.91 points, while the Hang Seng Tech Index increased by 3.14% to 5,825.09 points [1] - The National Enterprises Index and Red Chip Index also saw gains of 1.85% and 0.99%, closing at 9,248 points and 4,388.5 points respectively [1] Stock Movements - Notable stock performances included China International soaring over 145% and Dongfeng Group rising over 54% [1] - Other significant gainers included NIO-SW up 15.17%, Luoyang Molybdenum up 10.47%, and Zijin Mining up 6.38% [1] - Conversely, Okavango Vision Bio-B fell by 15.19% and Xirui dropped by 16.91% [1] - Changfei Optical Fiber Cable surged by 26.76% [1] Institutional Insights - China Galaxy Strategy suggests that a potential interest rate cut by the Federal Reserve could lead to increased overseas capital inflow into the Hong Kong stock market, boosting stock prices [2] - The report highlights three sectors to watch: those with better-than-expected interim results, sectors benefiting from favorable policies like AI and "anti-involution," and high-dividend stocks providing stable returns amid uncertainties [2] - Huatai Securities notes that foreign capital may continue to increase its allocation to Chinese markets due to improved domestic fundamentals and a favorable outlook for the RMB exchange rate [2]

Market Performance - The Hang Seng Index opened up by 1.06% at 25,606.88 points, with the Hang Seng Tech Index rising by 1.49% to 5,731.7 points, and the China Enterprises Index increasing by 1.07% to 9,176.95 points [1][2] - Major tech stocks saw significant gains, with Alibaba up 2.03%, Tencent up 1.42%, and JD.com up 2.14% [2] Company News - Sunshine Insurance reported a total premium income of 80.814 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 5.7%, and a net profit of 3.389 billion yuan, up 7.8% [6] - China Coal Energy's revenue decreased by 19.9% to 74.436 billion yuan, with a net profit drop of 31.5% to 7.325 billion yuan [6] - TCL Electronics saw a revenue increase of 20.4% to 54.777 billion yuan, with a net profit growth of approximately 67.8% to 1.09 billion yuan [6] - Chongqing Bank reported interest income of approximately 15.37 billion yuan, up 6.72%, and a net profit of about 3.19 billion yuan, up 5.39% [6] - Huachen Automotive's net profit increased by 15% to 1.7 billion yuan, with revenue rising by 8.4% to 5.617 billion yuan [7] - Black Sesame Intelligence issued a profit warning, expecting a mid-term loss not exceeding 800 million yuan [8] - Greentown China reported a profit attributable to shareholders of 210 million yuan, a decrease of 89.74% year-on-year [9] - Zhaojin Mining reported a profit attributable to shareholders of approximately 1.44 billion yuan, an increase of about 160.44% [10] Institutional Insights - China Galaxy Securities noted that the potential for a Federal Reserve rate cut could lead to increased foreign capital inflow into the Hong Kong stock market, suggesting a focus on sectors with better-than-expected interim performance and those benefiting from favorable policies [11] - Huatai Securities indicated that foreign capital may continue to increase allocation to the Chinese market due to improving domestic fundamentals and potential appreciation of the RMB [12]

Market Performance - The three major Hong Kong stock indices collectively rose, with the Hang Seng Index increasing by 1.65% to close at 25,270.07 points, the Hang Seng Tech Index rising by 1.52% to 5,543.17 points, and the Hang Seng China Enterprises Index up by 1.62% to 9,039.09 points[4][16]. Sector Performance - Among the ten sectors, all but utilities saw gains, with healthcare, information technology, and materials leading the way, rising by 8.02%, 4.95%, and 4.7% respectively[7][12]. - Conversely, utilities experienced a slight decline of 0.07%, while energy, finance, and industrial sectors had lower gains of 0.73%, 1.3%, and 1.38% respectively[7][12]. Liquidity and Trading Volume - The average daily trading volume on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange was HKD 256.86 billion, an increase of HKD 30.31 billion from the previous week[16]. - Short selling amounted to an average of HKD 29.12 billion, with the short selling ratio at 11.27%, down by 0.98 percentage points from the previous week[16]. Capital Inflows - Southbound capital saw a net inflow of HKD 38.12 billion, a significant increase of HKD 16.37 billion compared to the previous week, with a record single-day inflow of HKD 35.88 billion on August 15[16][17]. Valuation Metrics - As of August 15, the Hang Seng Index had a PE ratio of 11.52 and a PB ratio of 1.2, both up by 1.68% and 1.15% respectively from the previous week, placing them at the 85th percentile historically since 2019[21][33]. - The Hang Seng Tech Index's PE and PB ratios were 21.94 and 3.12, respectively, at the 23rd and 66th percentiles historically since 2019[21][33]. Economic Indicators - The U.S. July CPI remained steady at 2.7%, below the expected 2.8%, while the PPI surged to 3.3%, the highest since February, indicating inflationary pressures[41]. - In China, July's industrial output grew by 5.7% year-on-year, while fixed asset investment rose by 1.6% in the first seven months, with real estate investment down by 12%[42]. Investment Outlook - The report suggests focusing on sectors with better-than-expected interim results, those benefiting from favorable policies, and high-dividend stocks for stable returns amid market uncertainties[44]. Risk Factors - Key risks include uncertainties in domestic policy effectiveness, fluctuations due to tariff policies, and geopolitical tensions[44].

Group 1 - The Hong Kong stock market indices showed a positive trend, with the Hang Seng Index rising by 1.43%, the Hang Seng Tech Index increasing by 1.17%, and the Hang Seng China Enterprises Index up by 1.03% during the week from August 4 to August 8 [2][4]. - All 11 sectors in the Hong Kong stock market experienced gains, with materials, information technology, and energy sectors leading the way, increasing by 9.82%, 3.21%, and 3.13% respectively [5][10]. - The average daily trading volume on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange was HKD 226.55 billion, a decrease of HKD 56.19 billion from the previous week, while the average short-selling amount was HKD 27.72 billion, down by HKD 3.11 billion [12][18]. Group 2 - As of August 8, the price-to-earnings (PE) and price-to-book (PB) ratios for the Hang Seng Index were 11.33 times and 1.18 times, respectively, reflecting increases of 1.84% and 1.87% from the previous week, placing them at the 84% and 83% percentile levels since 2019 [18][20]. - The risk premium for the Hang Seng Index was calculated at 4.56%, which is at the 8% percentile level since 2010, while the risk premium relative to the 10-year Chinese government bond yield was 7.14%, at the 61% percentile level since 2010 [20][25]. - The report suggests focusing on sectors that may benefit from favorable policies or have shown better-than-expected mid-year performance, such as innovative pharmaceuticals, AI industry chains, and sectors benefiting from the "anti-involution" trend [39].