过去十年，吕梁市累计免费培训了超10万名家政工人。因 为"吕梁山护工"品牌的影响力不断扩大，每一年吕梁市创业就 业服务中心都会迎来30—50个地方政府部门或协会的调研。 作者： 田进 封图：本报资料室 一开始，她的想法遭到了家人的强烈反对。丈夫说："两人从未分居过，家中需要有人操持。"儿子 的意见是，"这么大年纪，不要再折腾"。但她和家人反复说："两个孙子上学后，闲在家里的日子 很难熬，外出就业还能挣钱补贴家里。" 53岁并不是找工作的"黄金年纪"。为了能在外面找到工作，8月21日，侯雪梅选择了一条山西吕梁 许多农村妇女都曾走过的路：参加当地的免费护工培训班。 她的同学里有普通的农村妇女、曾经的流水线工人、辞职的销售和失意的小微企业老板等。课程内 容丰富，即有基础的护理理论和实践，也有一些新兴的技能，比如如何使用豆包进行搜索的AI （人工智能）课。 9月18日，历经26天的标准化职业培训后，同学们陆续前往北京、太原、青岛等大城市就业。 吕梁曾为全国14个集中连片特困地区之一。2016年，为解决劳动力转移就业不足的难题，吕梁市 制定了每年投入2500万、全面推进"吕梁山护工"的培训就业计划。 过去十年，吕梁市累 ...

记者丨 郑玮 实习生苏磊 编辑丨周上祺 "我特别特别喜欢和小孩在一起，却很害怕和大人社交。"最近，和南方财经记者聊起入职不久 的新工作，小文（化名）连用了两个"特别"。拿着山东大学文化产业管理专业的本科毕业证 书，小文选择进入家政行业，成为了一名儿童陪伴师，" 现在月薪1.2万，包吃住。 " 差不多同一时间，同为00后的小雨（化名）也辞去了上市公司的工作，在深圳转行当起了负责 儿童陪伴和三餐家务的住家儿童陪伴师，"我感觉比坐办公室自由。而且我本身也挺喜欢做饭 的，这是一种能收到及时反馈的、具体的劳动。" 随着家政行业就业空间持续改善，这个传统的服务行业正逐步摆脱旧标签，成为不少年轻人的 就业新选择。58到家发布《家政服务人员职业发展报告》显示，2024年平台内入驻家政服务从 业者超200万人， 其中21岁至40岁从业者占比同比提升3.5个百分点，本科及以上高校毕业生 人数是2023年的4.2倍。 谈及入行的契机，多位00后、90后从业者对记者直言，相对较高的薪酬水平和较为自由的工作 时间提供了关键吸引力。与此同时，儿童陪伴、养老服务、家政收纳等工作带来的职业价值与 情绪价值也成为不少年轻求职者选择入行的原因之 ...

Core Insights - The traditional service industry of home economics is evolving, attracting a younger workforce due to higher salaries and flexible working hours [2][3][11] - The demand for home service professionals is increasing, with a projected shortfall of over 20 million workers in the sector by 2024 [11][12] Group 1: Industry Trends - The home service industry is shedding its old labels and becoming a new employment choice for many young people, with a significant increase in the number of college graduates entering the field [2][3][11] - The average monthly income for home service professionals can reach up to 100,000 yuan, particularly in major cities like Guangzhou and Shenzhen [7][9] - The demographic of home service workers is shifting, with a notable increase in the proportion of workers aged 21 to 40, rising by 3.5 percentage points year-on-year [2][7] Group 2: Workforce Dynamics - Young professionals are drawn to the home service industry due to its perceived emotional and professional value, as well as the immediate feedback from their work [3][5][10] - The industry is experiencing a talent influx, with many young individuals transitioning from traditional office jobs to roles such as child companions and household managers [5][8] - Companies are adopting employee-based management models to improve retention and career advancement opportunities for their staff [9][11] Group 3: Educational and Professional Development - There is a growing emphasis on professional qualifications, with many new entrants pursuing certifications in childcare, nutrition, and home management [5][10] - The government is promoting the establishment of home economics programs in higher education institutions to meet the increasing demand for skilled workers [12] - The industry is characterized by a high degree of age inclusivity, allowing for flexible and long-term career development opportunities [12]

"拿到二级育婴师证书后，每月工资多了500元，现在同事们都抢着参加技能培训！"日前，南京快 易洁家政服务有限公司员工展示着工资单上的"技能补贴"项，脸上满是笑意。这一变化，源于南京持续 深化的工资专项集体协商机制——以快易洁为代表的家政企业通过"能级工资"改革，尝试破解行业"招人 难、留人难、提质难"困局，让"技高者多得"成为家政服务领域的新共识。 随着城镇化进程加快和人口老龄化程度加深，家政服务业迎来快速发展期。然而，家政服务员作为 新就业群体"八大员"之一，却深陷发展困境。年龄结构偏大、文化程度普遍偏低、专业技能良莠不齐、 人员流动性强等问题突出，致使中高端家政服务需求难以得到有效满足。企业也因此面临严峻的招人、 留人难题，家政服务员薪酬与职业技能等级脱节，员工提升专业技能的积极性受挫，整个行业发展遭遇 瓶颈。"薪酬与技能脱节，干多干少、技高技低差别不大，谁还愿意花时间学技能？"南京市家庭服务业 工会联合会相关负责人坦言，这一痛点曾让不少企业陷入"招不到好员工、留不住老员工"的恶性循环。 早在2020年，南京便在全国率先推动家政行业签订首个工资集体合同，明确工资指导价与技能等 级挂钩方向。2024年，作为 ...

Tax Incentives for Community Housekeeping Services - The article discusses various tax incentives available for community housekeeping services, including reduced VAT rates and exemptions from several taxes [2][8]. - Community housekeeping service income is subject to a reduced corporate income tax rate of 90% when calculating taxable income [2]. - Exemptions from property tax and urban land use tax are available for properties used for community housekeeping services [2]. Eligibility Criteria for Tax Benefits - The services must be provided to families, including care for pregnant women, infants, the elderly, patients, and disabled individuals [2]. - The definition of "community" includes both urban and rural areas where people form social living communities [2]. - Employee-based housekeeping service enterprises must meet specific criteria to qualify for long-term tax incentives [2]. Conditions for Employee-based Housekeeping Enterprises - Enterprises must have a business license that includes housekeeping services in their operational scope [8]. - Employees must have a formal contract with the housekeeping service enterprise for at least six months [8].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the legal implications and responsibilities in labor and service relationships, highlighting the differences in liability and compensation in cases of injury during work, particularly in informal labor arrangements [12][13]. Group 1: Labor and Service Relationships - Labor relationships are governed by strict regulations under labor laws, while service relationships are more flexible and based on civil agreements, suitable for temporary or non-core work [1][12]. - Service relationships often lack formal contracts, leading to potential disputes over responsibilities and compensation in case of injuries [13]. Group 2: Case Studies - Case 1: A caregiver at a nursing home was awarded compensation after slipping on a wet floor, with the nursing home held 90% responsible due to inadequate safety measures [2][3]. - Case 2: A demolition worker fell from a ladder and was found 70% responsible for his injuries due to lack of safety equipment, while the employer was held 30% responsible for not providing safety measures [5][7]. - Case 3: An online food delivery rider sustained injuries during delivery and was awarded compensation, with the platform company held 50% responsible for not ensuring adequate safety measures [9][10]. Group 3: Legal Responsibilities - Both parties in a service relationship have a duty of care regarding safety, with the service provider expected to ensure a safe working environment and the labor provider responsible for their own safety [3][7]. - The court emphasizes the importance of written agreements in service relationships to clarify responsibilities and reduce disputes [13].

Core Viewpoint - The government of Binzhou has issued measures to promote high-quality and sufficient employment, emphasizing the importance of employment for people's livelihoods and economic development [3][4]. Group 1: Employment Measures - The document outlines 22 implementation opinions across seven sections, focusing on enhancing employment quality, encouraging entrepreneurship, supporting youth employment, and improving labor skills [5]. - The core goals include maintaining an annual urban employment increase of over 37,000 and supporting over 8,000 entrepreneurs by 2030, with a vision for a fair and quality employment environment by 2035 [5]. Group 2: Policy Support - The measures include support for enterprises in key industries, one-time entrepreneurship subsidies, and social insurance subsidies for hiring graduates and disadvantaged groups [6]. - Policies will also encourage skill enhancement through training subsidies and housing support for workers [6]. Group 3: Project Initiatives - Initiatives include establishing employment and entrepreneurship centers for university students, promoting labor brand development, and implementing youth internship programs [7]. - A digital governance capability will be enhanced for real-time monitoring of employment conditions and risks [7]. Group 4: Reform and Innovation - The focus is on transforming traditional industries, developing emerging sectors, and expanding employment opportunities through digital and platform economies [8]. - Support for the service sector and rural employment initiatives will be prioritized to enhance job creation [8]. Group 5: Service Expansion - The establishment of community employment service stations aims to create a 15-minute employment service circle for residents [9]. - Various entrepreneurial support activities and women's employment initiatives will be implemented to promote inclusive job opportunities [9].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article emphasizes the significant investment gap in the service industry, estimated at 3.3 trillion yuan, indicating a strong potential for growth in service consumption and investment [2][10][22] - The article highlights that the gap in per capita service consumption compared to historical trends is approximately 2,093 yuan per person, translating to a potential service consumption gap of nearly 3 trillion yuan for the entire population [2][10] - It discusses the long-term trend of service consumption increasing as GDP per capita rises, with service consumption expected to grow by about 0.6 percentage points annually when GDP is between 10,000 to 30,000 USD [3][43][51] Group 2 - The article outlines international experiences where increased demand for services leads to a positive cycle of supply and investment growth, citing examples from the US and Japan [4][68][79] - It notes that as populations age, there is a significant increase in demand for services, particularly in healthcare and elder care, which can drive substantial investment in these sectors [90][102][113] - The article emphasizes the importance of adapting services to meet the needs of an aging population, with a projected additional investment space of approximately 3.7 trillion yuan when GDP reaches 20,000 USD [90][91][122] Group 3 - The article identifies specific areas with promising investment potential, particularly in household services and elder care, driven by demographic changes and increasing demand for personalized services [96][128] - It points out that the current service industry in China is heavily focused on enterprise services, with a notable lack of attention to consumer needs, particularly in lifestyle services [128][139] - The article indicates that the service sector's effective supply has not kept pace with demand, particularly in health and entertainment sectors, leading to a significant supply gap [141][152]

Group 1: Investment Opportunities in the Service Sector - The current service industry investment gap is approximately 3 trillion yuan, indicating significant potential for growth[1] - In 2024, the per capita service consumption gap compared to historical trends is estimated at 2,093 yuan, translating to a national potential service consumption gap of nearly 3 trillion yuan[1] - The potential investment gap in the service sector, aligned with value-added growth, is estimated at 1.5 trillion yuan[1] Group 2: Demographic Trends and Consumption Patterns - As GDP per capita reaches 20,000 USD, service industry investment could see an additional increment of around 3.7 trillion yuan, driven by aging population dynamics[3] - The aging population correlates with increased service consumption, with a 1% rise in aging rate leading to a 1.3% increase in service consumption share[2] - The shift towards smaller household sizes is expected to further stimulate demand for services such as home care and entertainment[2] Group 3: Global Comparisons and Lessons - Historical data from Japan shows that as it entered an aging society, service industry investment significantly increased, with service investment share rising to 11.6% when GDP per capita reached 20,000 USD[4] - The U.S. and Japan demonstrate a positive feedback loop where increased service demand drives supply and investment growth, highlighting the importance of consumer preferences shifting from goods to services[2] - The service sector's contribution to GDP in China is currently at 54.6%, which is lower than that of South Korea, indicating room for growth in lifestyle services[5]

Group 1 - The city council held a monthly consultation meeting focused on promoting high-quality and sufficient employment, with various stakeholders participating to provide insights and suggestions [1] - A task force was established to conduct in-depth research across universities, enterprises, and industrial parks, resulting in a main report and several sub-reports [1] - The employment situation in the city is generally stable, but challenges remain, prompting suggestions for enhancing employment policies and mechanisms [1] Group 2 - The city council emphasized the importance of implementing the employment-first strategy and enhancing the quality and quantity of job opportunities [2] - There is a call for collaborative efforts to stimulate economic growth and job creation, focusing on key groups and improving the overall employment service system [2] - The council aims to leverage the role of specialized consultation institutions to gather diverse opinions and build consensus on promoting high-quality employment [2]