英国华威大学与澳大利亚莫纳什大学化学家发现一种超强抗生素——前甲烯霉素C内酯。它对多种耐药 病原体的抗菌活性比已知抗生素甲烯霉素A高出100倍以上，尤其对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌 （MRSA）和耐万古霉素肠球菌（VRE）表现出显著杀菌效果。相关成果发表于新一期《美国化学会会 刊》。 此次发现的新抗生素原本只是合成已知抗生素甲烯霉素A过程中的中间化合物。甲烯霉素A早在50年前 就已发现，但其合成中间体从未被测试过抗菌活性。通过基因操作，研究团队意外发现两个此前未知的 中间体，其抗菌活性远超甲烯霉素A。 实验显示，前甲烯霉素C内酯对多种革兰氏阳性菌的活性比甲烯霉素A高出100倍，其中就包括MRSA和 VRE。MRSA是一种对多种常用抗生素高度耐药、易导致严重感染的超级细菌。VRE能抵抗最强抗生素 万古霉素，极易导致院内感染，是世界卫生组织重点关注的高危病原体。 值得注意的是，肠球菌在实验中未出现对前甲烯霉素C内酯的耐药现象，而在相同条件下，万古霉素却 会诱发耐药。这一发现表明，前甲烯霉素C内酯可能成为对抗VRE感染的潜在新候选药物。 凭借结构简单、活性强、难以产生耐药性且易于合成等优势，前甲烯霉素C内酯有望成为新 ...

Core Points - The 2025 National Medical Insurance Directory negotiations have officially commenced, highlighting the importance of pharmaceutical innovation and patient access to medications [1] - The atmosphere at the negotiations is characterized by a cautious and low-key approach from pharmaceutical representatives, with an increased emphasis on confidentiality [3][4] - A total of 535 drugs are under review, with 311 outside the directory and 224 within it, alongside 121 high-value drugs reviewed under the commercial insurance innovation drug directory [9][10] Group 1: Negotiation Atmosphere - The entry process for pharmaceutical representatives was notably quieter and more orderly compared to previous years, reflecting a more subdued approach [3][4] - Representatives from both domestic and multinational pharmaceutical companies, including notable names like 恒瑞医药 and 阿斯利康, participated in the negotiations [4][9] Group 2: Key Drug Categories - Antibacterial drugs are expected to be a significant focus in the afternoon session of the negotiations, with specific products like 万古霉素 being highlighted [9][10] - Innovative drugs, including CAR-T products and new lipid-lowering medications, are also under consideration, with 恒瑞医药 presenting multiple products for initial review [10][12] Group 3: Market Insights - The PCSK9 inhibitor 瑞卡西单抗 has gained attention for its long-acting properties, with a market size of 1.32 billion yuan in 2023, representing 7.8% of the national lipid-lowering drug market [10][11] - The long-acting 阿立哌唑微球 from 丽珠集团 is another product of interest, potentially replacing oral formulations and capturing market share if included in the insurance directory [12]

英国利物浦大学科学家领衔的国际团队研制出一种名为Novltex的新型抗生素。测试表明，该抗生素对 多种致命超级细菌展现出持续抑制性，标志着对抗抗生素耐药性的努力取得重要进展。相关成果发表于 新一期《药物化学杂志》。 抗生素耐药性被列为人类面临的十大健康威胁之一，每年导致近500万人死亡。世界卫生组织发布的一 份急需新型抗生素的"优先病原体"名单，其中包括耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌和粪肠球菌。Novltex对 这两种细菌均表现出强效且快速的杀灭作用。 与传统抗生素不同，Novltex以脂质Ⅱ为靶点。脂质Ⅱ是细菌细胞壁的重要组成部分，不易发生突变。 这意味着Novltex可提供持久的耐药保护，有望应对现代医学中的一大难题。 团队此前曾开发出泰斯巴汀的简化合成版本。泰斯巴汀是从土壤细菌中分离出的一种环肽类抗生素，对 多种耐药菌具有显著活性。在此基础上，他们构建并测试了一个合成泰斯巴汀库，优化了多项关键性 能。 在最新研究中，受泰斯巴汀和另一种抗生素克洛维菌素启发，团队开发出新型抗生素Novltex。Novltex 避免了昂贵原料的使用，可用于构建大量候选分子以供优化，并靶向不易突变的脂质Ⅱ。这种高效、耐 用与可量产特 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the impact of China's drug procurement policy on pharmaceutical companies, highlighting the shift from a price-cutting competition to a focus on quality and innovation in the industry [2][4][6]. Group 1: Price Competition and Its Consequences - The aggressive price competition in the pharmaceutical industry has led to significant revenue losses, with a total of 48.3 billion yuan cut from the national drug market after four rounds of procurement [2]. - The phenomenon of "price wars" has resulted in extremely low prices for drugs, exemplified by the 0.09 yuan per tablet price for Amlodipine, which is unsustainable for many companies [2][4]. - The intense competition has forced companies to compromise on quality, leading to concerns about supply disruptions and product quality [2][3]. Group 2: New Procurement Rules - The latest round of procurement introduces new rules aimed at curbing the "race to the bottom" in pricing, shifting the focus from "lowest price wins" to "value for money" [3][4]. - A new price difference mechanism has been established, allowing for reasonable price premiums, which requires companies to ensure that their quoted prices do not lead to losses [3][4]. - Quality standards have been tightened, with new regulations mandating that only companies with at least two years of production experience can participate, along with comprehensive inspections of both companies and products [3][4]. Group 3: Focus on Innovation - The new procurement policy allows for the exclusion of high-risk and patented drugs from the procurement process, enabling original branded drugs to compete in public hospitals if they agree to lower prices [4]. - The policy aims to facilitate a market environment where innovative drugs can thrive, with 60% of the savings from procurement being reinvested into innovative drug development [4][6]. - The shift from a focus on generic drugs to innovative solutions is seen as essential for the long-term sustainability of the pharmaceutical industry in China [6].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the development of a novel ultrasound-sensitive broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptide based on diphenylalanine, which shows high efficacy against drug-resistant bacteria and offers a promising strategy for treating infections caused by antibiotic-resistant pathogens [1][2][9]. Group 1: Antimicrobial Resistance and Challenges - Overuse of antibiotics has led to an increase in drug-resistant pathogens, making infections harder to treat and posing significant health risks globally [1]. - Traditional antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have limitations, including slow antibacterial effects, rapid biodegradation, non-selective toxicity, and short retention time at infection sites [4]. Group 2: Research Findings - The research team developed a short peptide that is activated by ultrasound, achieving over 99% antibacterial efficiency against clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant bacteria within 15 minutes of ultrasound exposure, while exhibiting low toxicity [5][6]. - Seven short peptides were designed, with one specific peptide (FFRK8) demonstrating satisfactory antibacterial performance and biocompatibility under ultrasound activation [6]. Group 3: Clinical Implications - In a goat model of difficult-to-treat intervertebral disc infection, FFRK8 outperformed the potent antibiotic vancomycin, indicating its potential for clinical applications [7]. - The study suggests that ultrasound-activated antimicrobial peptides could provide an effective treatment for deep infections with poor vascular distribution, addressing the challenge of antibiotic resistance [9].