撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 近日，来自 华南师范大学 的一篇新论文登上了 Cell Press 官网头条。 该论文以 ： Environmental exposure augments the abundance and transferability of antibiotic resistance genes in the respiratory tract （环境暴露会增 加呼吸道中抗生素抗性基因的数量和传播性。 ） 为题， 于 2025 年 11 月 20 日发表在了 Cell 子刊 Cell Reports 上 ，华南师范大学 王璋 、广东省疾控中心 郑雪燕 等为论文通讯作者，易歆竹、蔡汉钦、刘海月、徐诗芬、孟瑞琳为论文共同第一作者。 接触 环境污染物 已被证实与 抗生素耐药性 （AMR） 增强有关，如今， 抗生素耐药性对人 类健康构成日益严重的全球性威胁。在所有感染性疾病中，下呼吸道 感染是与抗菌素耐药性相关的负担最重的疾病，对发病率和死亡率影响巨大。 人类呼吸道 内寄居着多样化的微生物群，是 抗生素抗性基因 （ARG） 的重要储存库。这些耐药基因的集合与呼吸道感染以及哮喘、慢性阻塞性 ...

Core Insights - A new antibiotic, pre-penicillin C lactone, has been discovered during the production process of a commonly used antibiotic, penicillin A, which shows over 100 times higher antibacterial activity against various Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus [1][2] Group 1 - The research was conducted by Monash University in collaboration with the University of Warwick, highlighting the potential of intermediate compounds in antibiotic synthesis [1] - The discovery provides a new model for identifying and testing intermediates in the synthesis pathways of various natural compounds, which may lead to the development of new antibiotics to combat antibiotic resistance [1]

新研究从药物生产中意外发现超强抗生素。 "超级细菌"指那些对多种抗生素具有耐药性的细菌。研究人员在一种常用药物的生产流程中意外发现一 种很有前景的强效抗生素，能够杀死耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌等"超级细菌"。 澳大利亚莫纳什大学在新闻公报中介绍，该校研究人员在与英国华威大学的联合项目中发现了一种被称 为前次甲霉素C内酯的抗生素，这是在制备常用抗生素次甲霉素A的过程中产生的一种中间化学物质。 此次研究发现，次甲霉素A合成过程中的一种中间体——前次甲霉素C内酯，对多种革兰氏阳性菌的抗 菌活性比原始抗生素次甲霉素A高100倍以上，其中就包括最令医学界头疼的耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球 菌和耐万古霉素肠球菌。 研究人员说，这一发现为寻找新型抗生素提供了一个新的模式。通过鉴定和测试多种天然化合物合成途 径中的中间体，有可能会发现更能有效对抗耐药性的新抗生素，这将有助于人类对抗抗生素耐药性问 题。 相关研究论文近期已发表在《美国化学学会杂志》上。 研究主要作者之一、莫纳什大学教授格雷格·查利斯说："次甲霉素A最初是在50年前被发现的，虽然它 已经被多次合成，但似乎没有人测试过合成中间体的抗菌活性。" ...

（原标题：药物生产中发现超强抗生素！今年我国已注册相关企业超3千家） 11月9日，据新华网，澳大利亚莫纳什大学在新闻公报中介绍，该校研究人员在与英国华威大学的联合 项目中发现了一种被称为前次甲霉素C内酯的抗生素，这是在制备常用抗生素次甲霉素A的过程中产生 的一种中间化学物质，对多种革兰氏阳性菌的抗菌活性比原始抗生素次甲霉素A高100倍以上，其中就 包括最令医学界头疼的耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌和耐万古霉素肠球菌。 研究人员表示，这一发现为寻找新型抗生素提供了一个新的模式。通过鉴定和测试多种天然化合物合成 途径中的中间体，有可能会发现更能有效对抗耐药性的新抗生素，这将有助于人类对抗抗生素耐药性问 题。 企查查数据显示，2021年至2024年之间，我国生物医药相关企业每年注册量保持在3000家至3600家之 间；截至11月10日，2025年我国已注册3311家生物医药相关企业，已超2024年全年，相比2024年同期增 加27.3%。 3.从今年新注册企业区域分布来看：华东地区占比超45% 企查查数据显示，截至11月10日，2025年我国新注册3311家生物医药相关企业，区域分布上集中华东地 区，占比45.1%，其次 ...

新华社墨尔本11月9日电（记者徐海静）"超级细菌"指那些对多种抗生素具有耐药性的细菌。研究人员 在一种常用药物的生产流程中意外发现一种很有前景的强效抗生素，能够杀死耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球 菌等"超级细菌"。 研究人员说，这一发现为寻找新型抗生素提供了一个新的模式。通过鉴定和测试多种天然化合物合成途 径中的中间体，有可能会发现更能有效对抗耐药性的新抗生素，这将有助于人类对抗抗生素耐药性问 题。 相关研究论文近期已发表在《美国化学学会杂志》上。（完） 研究主要作者之一、莫纳什大学教授格雷格·查利斯说："次甲霉素A最初是在50年前被发现的，虽然它 已经被多次合成，但似乎没有人测试过合成中间体的抗菌活性。" 此次研究发现，次甲霉素A合成过程中的一种中间体——前次甲霉素C内酯，对多种革兰氏阳性菌的抗 菌活性比原始抗生素次甲霉素A高100倍以上，其中就包括最令医学界头疼的耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球 菌和耐万古霉素肠球菌。 澳大利亚莫纳什大学在新闻公报中介绍，该校研究人员在与英国华威大学的联合项目中发现了一种被称 为前次甲霉素C内酯的抗生素，这是在制备常用抗生素次甲霉素A的过程中产生的一种中间化学物质。 ...

Core Insights - The World Health Organization (WHO) warns that antibiotic resistance is a growing global health threat, with a significant increase in resistance to commonly used antibiotics [1][2] Group 1: Antibiotic Resistance Statistics - In 2023, one in six laboratory-confirmed bacterial infections globally showed resistance to antibiotic treatment [1] - From 2018 to 2023, over 40% of monitored pathogen-antibiotic combinations exhibited rising antibiotic resistance, with an annual increase of 5% to 15% [1] - More than 40% of Escherichia coli and over 55% of Klebsiella pneumoniae have developed resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, with rates exceeding 70% in the African region [1] Group 2: Regional Variations in Resistance - The WHO reports that the highest risks of antibiotic resistance are in the Southeast Asia and Eastern Mediterranean regions, where one-third of infections show resistance [2] - In the African region, the proportion of infections exhibiting antibiotic resistance is one in five [2] Group 3: WHO's Call to Action - WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus emphasizes the need for responsible antibiotic use and the importance of ensuring access to quality diagnostics and vaccines [2]

英国利物浦大学科学家领衔的国际团队研制出一种名为Novltex的新型抗生素。测试表明，该抗生素对 多种致命超级细菌展现出持续抑制性，标志着对抗抗生素耐药性的努力取得重要进展。相关成果发表于 新一期《药物化学杂志》。 抗生素耐药性被列为人类面临的十大健康威胁之一，每年导致近500万人死亡。世界卫生组织发布的一 份急需新型抗生素的"优先病原体"名单，其中包括耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌和粪肠球菌。Novltex对 这两种细菌均表现出强效且快速的杀灭作用。 与传统抗生素不同，Novltex以脂质Ⅱ为靶点。脂质Ⅱ是细菌细胞壁的重要组成部分，不易发生突变。 这意味着Novltex可提供持久的耐药保护，有望应对现代医学中的一大难题。 团队此前曾开发出泰斯巴汀的简化合成版本。泰斯巴汀是从土壤细菌中分离出的一种环肽类抗生素，对 多种耐药菌具有显著活性。在此基础上，他们构建并测试了一个合成泰斯巴汀库，优化了多项关键性 能。 在最新研究中，受泰斯巴汀和另一种抗生素克洛维菌素启发，团队开发出新型抗生素Novltex。Novltex 避免了昂贵原料的使用，可用于构建大量候选分子以供优化，并靶向不易突变的脂质Ⅱ。这种高效、耐 用与可量产特 ...

Summary of SoftOx Solutions Investor Update Call Company Overview - **Company**: SoftOx Solutions AS - **Industry**: Pharmaceutical, specifically focusing on inhaled antimicrobial therapies Key Points and Arguments 1. **Technological Potential**: The company believes its technology can significantly change the treatment of lung infections, particularly through the SoftOx Inhalation Solution, which utilizes hypochlorous acid to combat various pathogens [2][10][12] 2. **Clinical Adoption and Commercial Value**: Emphasis on the need for clinical adoption at scale to achieve commercial value and shareholder rewards [3][6] 3. **Proof-of-Concept Study**: The company is initiating its first proof-of-concept study targeting cystic fibrosis patients, which is seen as a critical step in demonstrating the efficacy of their technology [3][12][35] 4. **Market Potential**: The addressable market for cystic fibrosis is estimated at around $600 million, with potential annual turnover of approximately $90 million if the company captures a 15% market share [28][29] 5. **Broader Applications**: The technology may also be applicable to other chronic lung infections, such as non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, which presents a larger market opportunity [15][29][36] 6. **Antibiotic Resistance**: The SoftOx Inhalation Solution is positioned as a solution to the growing problem of antibiotic resistance, with the ability to target dormant bacteria and biofilms [11][12][18] 7. **Clinical Trial Design**: The upcoming trial will involve higher dosages and a more homogeneous patient population, which is expected to yield robust data on bacterial load reduction [19][20][21] 8. **Funding and Financial Strategy**: The company has established an equity placement facility to raise up to NOK 50 million, with the option to extend to NOK 80 million, providing financial security and strategic flexibility [43][44] Additional Important Information 1. **Regulatory Engagement**: The company has been in contact with EMA and FDA for scientific advice regarding clinical trials and orphan drug designation [39][40] 2. **Partnership Strategy**: SoftOx is open to partnerships for commercialization but will focus on generating proof-of-concept data first before engaging in formal discussions [49][50] 3. **Equity and Dilution Concerns**: The company acknowledges the need for equity issuance to fund operations, which may lead to dilution, but emphasizes the importance of this funding for advancing their clinical trials [51][52] 4. **Long-term Vision**: The management team is optimistic about the future, believing that successful clinical data will attract interest from global pharmaceutical companies for partnerships by 2027 [36][55] This summary encapsulates the key insights from the investor update call, highlighting the company's strategic direction, market potential, and the importance of upcoming clinical trials in validating their technology.

Core Viewpoint - The rapid development of antibiotic resistance outpaces the discovery of new antibiotics, highlighting the potential of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as promising alternatives due to their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and unique mechanisms of action [2][6]. Group 1: Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) - AMPs are small molecules (10-50 amino acids) that play a crucial role in the host immune defense system, targeting bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites [2]. - The mechanisms of AMPs differ from traditional antibiotics, primarily disrupting pathogen cell membranes or interfering with metabolic processes [2][6]. - Despite their potential, the discovery of AMPs remains challenging, necessitating advanced tools like machine learning and deep learning to accelerate research [6][8]. Group 2: Generative Artificial Intelligence in AMP Design - Generative artificial intelligence, particularly through models like AMP-Diffusion, offers a powerful approach for designing AMPs by exploring sequence space systematically [3][7]. - AMP-Diffusion utilizes a pre-trained latent diffusion model to generate potent AMP sequences, ensuring integration with established protein language models like ESM-2 [7][9]. - The model has successfully generated 50,000 candidate AMP sequences, with 76% demonstrating low toxicity and effective bacterial killing capabilities [8][9]. Group 3: Research Findings and Implications - The research team synthesized and validated 46 top-ranking AMP candidates, which exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, including against multidrug-resistant strains, with low cytotoxicity [8][9]. - In preclinical mouse models, lead AMPs significantly reduced bacterial load, showing efficacy comparable to polymyxin B and levofloxacin without adverse effects [8][9]. - AMP-Diffusion represents a robust platform for antibiotic design, addressing the urgent need for new antimicrobial agents in the face of rising antibiotic resistance [8][9].

Core Viewpoint - Danno Pharmaceutical (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. has submitted an IPO application to the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, aiming for a mainboard listing, which has attracted significant attention from the capital market due to its innovative drug TNP-2198 for Helicobacter pylori infection, which is nearing commercialization [1][7]. Company Overview - Founded in 2013, Danno Pharmaceutical focuses on discovering, developing, and commercializing innovative drug products, particularly in the field of bacterial infections and related diseases [2]. - The company has established a pipeline of seven innovative assets, including one nearing commercialization and two in late-stage clinical development [2]. Product Pipeline - TNP-2198 is a near-commercialization candidate drug targeting Helicobacter pylori infection [3]. - TNP-2092 injection is a global first potential antibiotic for implant-related bacterial infections, designed to treat infections caused by artificial joints and heart valves [3]. - TNP-2092 oral formulation is the first multi-target candidate drug for metabolic diseases related to gut microbiota [3]. Market Potential - Approximately 4 billion people globally are infected with Helicobacter pylori, with a market share of 44% in China, linked to various gastric diseases [4]. - The drug TNP-2198 is positioned as a potential solution to the growing issue of antibiotic resistance, which is exacerbated by the widespread use of existing antibiotics [5]. Financial Situation - Danno Pharmaceutical faces significant financial pressure, with a net loss of 342 million yuan from 2023 to the first quarter of 2025, primarily due to R&D expenses and administrative costs [14][15]. - The company has a debt ratio of 530% and a negative net asset value of -932 million yuan as of March 2025 [15]. Strategic Partnerships - Danno Pharmaceutical has signed an exclusive commercial cooperation agreement with Yuan Da Life Science Group for the commercialization of TNP-2198 in Greater China [7][11]. - The agreement includes milestone payments totaling up to 775 million yuan, contingent on regulatory approvals and market performance [8][9]. Regulatory and Market Challenges - The approval process for TNP-2198 is critical, with the company planning to submit a New Drug Application (NDA) by August 2025 [3][7]. - Entry into the National Medical Insurance Directory is a key milestone that will significantly impact market penetration and sales potential [18][20].