2025年，人类在探索未知的征程中留下了坚实的足迹。从"深度求索"用算法点亮AI效率革命，到谷 歌量子计算首次实现可验证的算力超越；从鲁宾天文台以巨眸凝视宇宙起源，到跨物种脑图谱揭开神经 发育的奥秘……科技的力量既指向星辰大海，也照进生命精微深处。 在本报评选的十大国际科技新闻展示的图景中，有深沉的警醒，也有科技的温度：首个气候临界点 的到达警示着气候的脆弱，脑科学与手术机器人的突破则承载着对个体健康的深切关怀。科技的真谛， 从来不仅是追求极致，更是守护共生，是智慧与责任同行。我们相信，科技的内核永远是温暖的，引领 人类走向更坚韧、更包容的未来。 "深度求索"引领开源人工智能模式 在人工智能（AI）浪潮奔涌的2025年伊始，中国"深度求索"（DeepSeek）公司以其开源大模型 DeepSeek-R1的突破性成果，在世界AI发展史上留下了深刻印记。 DeepSeek-R1开创性地采用纯强化学习训练大规模推理模型，在提升模型能力的同时，显著降低了 对标注数据的依赖。该团队今年9月在《自然》杂志发表的论文，系统阐述了这一技术路径的科学价值 与工程实现。其实现了在有限算力条件下达到顶尖性能的目标，展现了中国科研人员 ...

2025年，人类在探索未知的征程中留下了坚实的足迹。从"深度求索"用算法点亮AI效率革命，到谷 歌量子计算首次实现可验证的算力超越；从鲁宾天文台以巨眸凝视宇宙起源，到跨物种脑图谱揭开神经 发育的奥秘……科技的力量既指向星辰大海，也照进生命精微深处。 在本报评选的十大国际科技新闻展示的图景中，有深沉的警醒，也有科技的温度：首个气候临界点 的到达警示着气候的脆弱，脑科学与手术机器人的突破则承载着对个体健康的深切关怀。科技的真谛， 从来不仅是追求极致，更是守护共生，是智慧与责任同行。我们相信，科技的内核永远是温暖的，引领 人类走向更坚韧、更包容的未来。 "深度求索"引领开源人工智能模式 在人工智能（AI）浪潮奔涌的2025年伊始，中国"深度求索"（DeepSeek）公司以其开源大模型 DeepSeek-R1的突破性成果，在世界AI发展史上留下了深刻印记。 DeepSeek-R1开创性地采用纯强化学习训练大规模推理模型，在提升模型能力的同时，显著降低了 对标注数据的依赖。该团队今年9月在《自然》杂志发表的论文，系统阐述了这一技术路径的科学价值 与工程实现。其实现了在有限算力条件下达到顶尖性能的目标，展现了中国科研人员 ...

Core Insights - The research team from Purdue University has achieved precise control of light beams at the single-photon level, leading to the development of a "photon transistor" that operates at single-photon intensity, marking a significant step towards realizing the full potential of photonic technology [1][2]. Group 1: Technological Breakthrough - The photon transistor can operate stably at room temperature, unlike other quantum system-dependent solutions that require extremely low temperatures [2]. - It is compatible with existing complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) processes, allowing for seamless integration into current chip manufacturing workflows, laying the groundwork for future photonic chips [2]. - The operational speed of the photon transistor can reach gigahertz levels, with potential enhancements to several hundred gigahertz, significantly surpassing existing methods [2]. Group 2: Implications for Computing - This technology is expected to drive advancements in quantum computing and could revolutionize classical computing by enabling the construction of ultra-fast, low-power photonic computers [2]. - It has the potential to replace slower, more power-consuming electronic devices in data centers and optical communication systems [2][3]. - The ability to control single photons could lead to breakthroughs in quantum computing, overcoming existing bottlenecks and reshaping data center architectures for a new era of light-speed computing [3].

Core Insights - The article discusses the rapid development of photonic integrated circuits (PICs) and their scalability, predicting that the number of actuators in PICs will increase from hundreds to 100,000 within six years [2][6][13] - It emphasizes the complementary nature of photonics to electronics, software, and the need for collaboration among these technologies to enhance market penetration and industry impact [4][37] Group 1: Photonic Integrated Circuits Development - Over the past two decades, the scalability of PICs has been advancing rapidly, with a doubling of performance and capabilities approximately every two years [2][13] - The article outlines the transition from circuits with hundreds of actuators to those accommodating up to 100,000 actuators by around 2032 [6][13] - Key challenges in the development of photonic technology include chip coupling, propagation losses, and the need for precise temperature control as actuator density increases [20][22] Group 2: Applications and Market Demand - The integration of photonics is particularly beneficial for high-bandwidth applications such as 5G/6G communications, IoT, and AI, which require enhanced signal processing capabilities [3][26] - Photonic processors are expected to play a crucial role in data centers and AI infrastructure, addressing the growing demand for bandwidth and processing speed [30][37] - The article highlights the potential of photonic technology in optical interconnects and as a solution for the challenges faced by traditional electronic systems [30][31] Group 3: Challenges and Limitations - The article identifies several challenges that must be addressed to keep pace with the advancements in photonics, including optical losses and the need for improved manufacturing processes [20][21] - It discusses the limitations of current photonic hardware in terms of integration density and performance compared to electronic solutions, particularly in computing applications [34][35] - The need for dynamic control and monitoring of circuits with increasing complexity is emphasized as a critical challenge for future developments [25][26]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the significant advancements in photonic processors by Q.ANT, highlighting their integration into high-performance computing (HPC) environments and the potential for energy-efficient AI applications. Group 1: Q.ANT's Technological Advancements - Q.ANT has delivered its native processing server (NPS) to the Leibniz Supercomputing Centre (LRZ), marking the first integration of photonic processors into an operational HPC environment [2] - The deployment aims to evaluate AI and simulation workloads with significantly reduced energy consumption, establishing new benchmarks for applications like climate modeling and real-time medical imaging [2][3] - The NPS units can reduce power consumption by up to 90 times due to the absence of heat generation, allowing for faster and more efficient complex computations [3] Group 2: Funding and Production Expansion - Q.ANT raised €62 million in a Series A funding round, the largest in the European photonic processor sector, to expand production and develop 32-bit optical processors [4] - The photonic processor, developed from lithium niobate thin films, boasts a 30-fold increase in power efficiency and a 50-fold performance improvement without complex cooling systems [4][6] Group 3: Market Position and Future Outlook - The article emphasizes the need for Europe to prioritize self-developed technologies and manufacturing to maintain competitiveness in the semiconductor market [7] - Q.ANT's approach contrasts with traditional CMOS processors, which are nearing their physical limits, by leveraging light instead of electricity for processing [5][7] - The company aims to redefine the semiconductor market landscape for data centers, with the potential to significantly lower operational costs while enhancing performance for next-generation AI and HPC [7]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the advancements in photonic chips as a potential replacement for traditional electronic microchips, particularly in the context of increasing demands for computational power driven by artificial intelligence (AI) [1][2]. Group 1: Photonic Chips Advantages - Photonic chips utilize light (photons) instead of electricity (electrons) for information processing, promising higher speed, greater bandwidth, and improved efficiency due to the absence of electrical resistance and heat loss [1]. - They are particularly well-suited for matrix multiplication, a fundamental operation in AI [1]. Group 2: Challenges in Photonic Computing - Converting photons to electrical signals can slow down processing times, and photonic computing relies on analog rather than digital operations, which can reduce precision and limit the types of computations [2]. - The current inability to manufacture large-scale photonic circuits with sufficient precision complicates the transition from small prototypes to scalable solutions [2]. Group 3: Recent Research Developments - A new photonic processor called the Photonic Arithmetic Computing Engine (Pace) was developed by Lightelligence, featuring over 16,000 photonic components and demonstrating low latency and practical application viability [2][3]. - Another photonic processor from Lightmatter was shown to operate with precision comparable to traditional electronic processors, successfully executing AI tasks such as text generation and game playing [3]. Group 4: Future Potential - Both research teams believe their photonic systems could become part of scalable next-generation hardware to support AI applications, although further improvements in materials and design are necessary [3].