撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 生理学中的一个基本问题是了解组织如何适应并改变其细胞构成以响应饮食信号。哺乳动物的小肠由快速更新的 LGR5 + 肠道干细胞 （ISC） 维持，这些细胞会对诸如禁食方案和致肥胖饮食等宏量营养素的变化作出反应，然而，在稳态和损伤期间，特定氨 基酸如何控制肠道干细胞的功能，目前仍不清楚。 放疗和化疗等癌症治疗，以及炎症性肠病，都会导致肠道损伤。然而，长期以来，肠道损伤修复的复杂动态一直 困扰着研究人员，能够刺激 肠道内壁的肠道干细胞再生的干预措施，寥寥无几。 2025 年 10 月 1 日，麻省理工学院 Ömer H. Yilmaz 团队 （博士后 迟方涛 为第一作者） ，在国际顶尖学术期刊 Nature 上发表了题为： Dietary cysteine enhances intestinal stemness via CD8+ T cell-derived IL-22 的研究论文。 饮食来源的半胱氨酸 能够增强肠道损伤后肠道干细胞介导的肠 道再生。 该研究证实，饮食中的 半胱氨酸 ，通过 刺激 CD8+ T 细胞分泌 IL-22 ，增强肠道损伤后肠道干细胞介导的损伤修复和 ...

以下文章来源于内分泌早知道 ，作者关注内分泌的 内分泌早知道 . 深度分享内分泌用药经验、病例剖析、指南专业解读并紧跟国内外内分泌领域前沿进展，「每医健」旗下内容平台。 最新研究显示，当实验小鼠的饮食中去除半胱氨酸后，短短7天内体重骤降30%，这一突破性发现为代谢调控研究开辟了新方向。 在全球肥胖问题日益严峻的背景下，这项研究无疑为理解体重调控机制提供了全新视角。 当前全球肥胖人口已突破总人口的六分之一，传统减肥方式如低碳饮食、生酮疗法等虽然各具特色，但效果参差不齐。这项发表在权威 期刊的研究首次揭示，半胱氨酸在能量代谢中扮演着关键角色。实验过程中，研究人员观察到停止供应该氨基酸的小鼠不仅体重急剧下 降，更令人惊讶的是，在恢复正常饮食后，其体重能够快速回升。这种可逆的体重变化模式暗示着人体内可能存在着类似代谢"开关"， 为未来开发新型减肥干预措施提供了重要线索。 深入分析表明，半胱氨酸缺乏可能触发了某种未知的代谢重编程机制。科学家推测，这种氨基酸或是连接能量摄入与消耗的重要媒介， 其缺失直接导致体内能量平衡系统发生剧烈调整。值得注意的是，这种减重效果远超现有饮食干预手段，其背后隐藏的分子机制或将改 写我们对体 ...

以下文章来源于肥胖世界ObesityWorld ，作者肥胖世界 肥胖世界ObesityWorld . 近年来，科学家们一直探索更精准的代谢调控方法。从生酮饮食限制碳水，到间歇性禁食调整进食时间窗口，本质都是在"微调"代谢路径。然 而，最新突破性研究提出了更为大胆的思路：若直接"移除"某种关键分子，身体会发生什么变化？2025年5月，纽约大学格罗斯曼医学院 Evgeny Nudler与Dan L. Littman团队在《Nature》发表惊人发现：仅仅缺失一种名为"半胱氨酸"的氨基酸，小鼠7天内便减轻30%体重，且全 部来自脂肪组织，同时代谢紊乱、炎症等衰老相关问题显著改善；同期，耶鲁大学Vishwa Deep Dixit团队在《Nature Metabolism》发表的研 究进一步证实了这一结论，深入揭示了半胱氨酸调控脂肪代谢与衰老的内在机制。 《肥胖世界》Obesity World - 同步传真肥胖及代谢国际新学术进展，为医学减重临床、教研人员搭建一座与国际接轨的桥梁，「每医健」旗下内容平台。 周末与朋友围坐火锅，毛肚、肥牛、虾滑轮番下锅，正当大快朵颐之际，友人突然叹息："这顿吃完，至少得跑三天步才能抵消。 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the emerging research on the amino acid cysteine and its significant role in weight management and metabolic health, suggesting that manipulating cysteine levels could provide a new approach to obesity treatment and metabolic disorders [6][7][12]. Summary by Sections Introduction to Obesity and Metabolism - Many individuals struggle with the balance between enjoying food and managing weight, often leading to frustration with traditional dieting methods [6]. - The body functions like a precise metabolic machine, converting food into energy and repair materials, and imbalances in this process can lead to obesity and accelerated aging [6]. Recent Research Breakthroughs - Recent studies have shown that the removal of cysteine can lead to significant weight loss in mice, with a reduction of 30% in just seven days, primarily from fat tissue [7][13]. - Research from Yale University corroborated these findings, revealing the mechanisms by which cysteine regulates fat metabolism and aging [7][12]. Cysteine's Role in Diet - Cysteine is a conditionally essential amino acid found in common foods like chicken, eggs, and tofu, and is crucial for various metabolic processes [10]. - The concept of "sulfur amino acid restriction" (SAAR) has gained attention, indicating that reducing cysteine and methionine intake can extend lifespan and improve metabolic health [12]. Mechanisms of Weight Loss - Two primary mechanisms were identified: activation of the sympathetic nervous system and depletion of coenzyme A, both of which promote fat burning and improve metabolic health [14][15]. - The absence of cysteine triggers the body to enter a "fat-burning mode," leading to significant fat loss without muscle loss, distinguishing it from typical starvation responses [13][14]. Implications for Aging and Inflammation - Cysteine deficiency also appears to reduce chronic inflammation associated with aging, improving insulin sensitivity and overall metabolic function [15][17]. - The research indicates that cysteine plays a critical role in reversing age-related metabolic decline, suggesting potential therapeutic avenues for obesity and metabolic disorders [17]. Conclusion - The findings highlight the potential of cysteine manipulation as a novel strategy for weight management and metabolic health, offering hope for more effective obesity treatments in the future [17].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the significant role of cysteine in weight management and metabolic regulation, highlighting recent research that shows cysteine restriction can lead to substantial weight loss and metabolic reprogramming, offering new therapeutic strategies for obesity and related metabolic diseases [6][9]. Summary by Sections Essential Amino Acids and Cysteine - In 1937, William C. Rose established the nine essential amino acids (EAA) necessary for human health, with cysteine becoming essential for organisms with specific gene mutations [6]. - Cysteine is crucial for protein synthesis and is a key component in the antioxidant defense system, particularly in the synthesis of glutathione [7]. Cysteine Restriction and Weight Loss - A study published in Nature revealed that conditional cysteine restriction can lead to a weight loss of up to 30% within one week, surpassing the effects of other essential amino acid restrictions [7][9]. - This weight loss effect is reversible and not influenced by environmental temperature [9]. Mechanisms of Action - Cysteine deficiency activates integrated stress responses and oxidative stress responses, creating a positive feedback loop that enhances the expression of key metabolic regulators like GDF15 and FGF21 [9]. - The study found a significant reduction in tissue coenzyme A (CoA) levels, leading to impaired mitochondrial function and metabolic reprogramming characterized by increased anaerobic glycolysis and TCA cycle dysfunction [9]. Implications for Obesity Treatment - The findings suggest that cysteine metabolism plays a central role in energy balance, providing new insights for addressing the global obesity crisis and related metabolic diseases [9].

Core Viewpoint - The latest research reveals that the removal of cysteine from the diet of experimental mice leads to a dramatic weight loss of 30% within just seven days, opening new avenues for metabolic regulation research [4][6][10]. Group 1: Research Findings - The study published in the journal "Nature" indicates that cysteine plays a crucial role in energy metabolism, and its absence triggers significant metabolic reprogramming [6][9][11]. - Mice lacking the ability to synthesize cysteine experienced a drastic weight loss, suggesting that cysteine is a central regulatory point for energy balance [7][10]. - The weight loss effect observed in the cysteine-deficient group surpassed that of traditional dietary interventions, even when caloric intake was maintained [7][10]. Group 2: Mechanisms of Action - The absence of cysteine leads to a fundamental shift in metabolic patterns, including a significant reduction in the respiratory exchange ratio and an increase in fat burning efficiency [7][11]. - White adipose tissue underwent "browning," characterized by the expression of thermogenic protein UCP1, indicating a shift towards a fat-burning state [7][10]. - The activation of dual stress pathways in the liver was noted, which involves the phosphorylation of eIF2α to inhibit protein synthesis and the activation of NRF2 to regulate the antioxidant system [7][11]. Group 3: Implications for Obesity Treatment - This groundbreaking research challenges traditional weight loss theories and suggests that targeting cysteine metabolism could provide new strategies for obesity treatment [6][9][11]. - The reversible nature of weight loss through cysteine restriction offers a safe boundary for clinical applications, allowing for both short-term weight loss and prevention of metabolic disorders [11]. - The findings highlight the dynamic plasticity of amino acid metabolic networks, suggesting that effective weight management may rely on precise regulation of specific metabolic pathways rather than simple caloric restriction [11].

撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 众所周知，人体的蛋白质由 20 种氨基酸组成，其中 9 种是 必需氨基酸 —— 异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、甲硫氨酸、苯丙氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、缬氨酸和 组 氨酸，人体无法自行合成这些氨基酸，因此需要通过饮食补充 （组氨酸比较特殊，婴幼儿其无法合成，成年人可部分合成） 。值得注意的是，在胱硫醚γ裂解酶 （CSE） 或胱硫醚β合酶 （CBS） 突变的动物无法自行合成半胱氨酸，因此， 半胱氨酸 也是它们的必需氨基酸。 已有大量研究检查了在饮食中去除单个必需氨基酸的影响，揭示了它们在代谢、能量消耗以及体重和脂肪减少中的作用。此外，还有研究显示， 在饮食中限制甲 硫氨酸和半胱氨酸，在动物模型中能够延长寿命、预防代谢疾病 。但尚不清楚这些益处究竟是限制甲硫氨酸驱动的还是限制半胱氨酸驱动的。 2025 年 5 月 21 日，国际顶尖学术期刊 Nature 在其官网头条报道了一项重磅研究成果—— 缺乏这种氨基酸的小鼠，体重减轻了 30% 。这一体重下降比例超过 当前效果最好的减肥药物 替尔泊肽 在临床试验中的效果 （72周时平均减重 20%） 。 半胱氨酸 （C ysteine） 是一 ...