国庆佳节举国同庆时，让我们用九组数字，走近那些把名字镌刻在共和国丰碑上的爱国科学家。 5分与100分的抉择 1931年，清华园里的钱伟长刚入学，九一八事变的炮火就炸碎了他的梦想。这位文史满分、物理只考5分的天才本可以成为文史巨匠，却毅然决定弃文从 理，立志科学救国，一生践行一句誓言："国家的需要，就是我的专业。" 1封信与近百颗归心 1950年，已是美国终身教授的华罗庚听到新中国成立的消息彻夜难眠，写下《致中国全体留美学生的公开信》——"为了抉择真理，我们应当回去；为了国 家民族，我们应当回去！" 这封信如星火燎原，点燃无数海外学子的赤子之心。邓稼先、朱光亚等近百名顶尖科学家陆续冲破封锁，毅然归国，带回民族崛 起的火种。 30年与1份坚守 1958年，34岁的黄旭华接到绝密任务：研制中国第一艘核潜艇。从此，他在亲友圈"人间蒸发"，这一"消失"就是30年。父亲临终未能见他一面，家人责 其"不孝"。他含泪叩首："对国家的忠，就是对父母最大的孝。"直到1988年，中国核潜艇首次深潜试验成功，他的名字才被世人知晓。三十载，只为一句承 诺：让中国挺起脊梁，潜入深蓝。 1颗糖丸与数百万条生命 △黄旭华与青年科技工作者在一 ...

Core Viewpoint - The development of biomanufacturing is crucial for enhancing new productive forces in China, with the potential to account for one-third of global manufacturing output by the end of the century, creating a market worth $30 trillion [4]. Group 1: Biomanufacturing Industry Insights - Biomanufacturing is becoming a focal point in national strategic competition, with the U.S. aiming to replace 90% of traditional plastics with bio-based products within 20 years, and the EU implementing a carbon border adjustment mechanism by 2027 [4]. - The technology demonstrates significant potential in addressing resource and environmental challenges, such as using a 50 cubic meter bioreactor to produce artemisinin, which saves 30,000 acres of arable land [4]. - Each ton of bio-based plastic can reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 0.6 tons compared to traditional plastics, contributing to carbon neutrality goals [4]. Group 2: Applications and Innovations - Revolutionary breakthroughs in biomanufacturing are emerging, including the development of biological pheromones for precise pest control, which can replace high-residue pesticides [5]. - The cost of products like hyaluronic acid has significantly decreased due to biomanufacturing, and carbon dioxide is being explored as a third-generation raw material [5]. - The integration of artificial intelligence accelerates innovation, enabling the industrial production of scarce components like catechin from green tea [5]. Group 3: Challenges and Recommendations - Despite holding 70% of global fermentation capacity, the biomanufacturing industry in China faces challenges such as a lack of proprietary strains and limitations in core software tools [5]. - There is a call for enhanced top-level design to focus on cutting-edge areas like carbon dioxide bioconversion and future food manufacturing, aiming to address both green chemical alternatives and protein supply security [5].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of university museums and historical exhibits in reflecting the history, culture, and spirit of higher education institutions in China, showcasing their contributions to national development and scientific progress over the past 70 years [1][2]. Group 1: Historical Contributions - Tsinghua University and Peking University have dedicated exhibition areas that honor the contributions of notable figures in China's scientific history, such as the "Two Bombs, One Satellite" pioneers [3][4]. - The "Beijing No. 1" aircraft, designed and built by students and faculty at Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, represents a significant achievement in China's aviation history, completing its first flight in 1958 after just 100 days of development [5][7]. Group 2: Educational Impact - University museums serve as educational resources, providing students with insights into the historical context of scientific achievements and encouraging them to inherit the spirit of dedication and innovation from their predecessors [9][12]. - The integration of historical exhibits into educational programs, such as the "Aerospace Spirit" lessons at Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, aims to inspire students to contribute to national defense and technological advancement [12][13]. Group 3: Scientific Achievements - The article highlights various scientific breakthroughs, including the development of the first Chinese laser typesetting system and the discovery of artemisinin by Tu Youyou, showcasing the universities' roles in advancing technology and medicine [9][11]. - The narrative of self-reliance and innovation is prevalent, with universities like Tsinghua and Beihang University leading in research and development across multiple fields, including aerospace and artificial intelligence [11][13].

撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 拉斯克奖 （Lasker Awards ） 是美国最具声望的生物医学奖项，也是医学界仅次于诺贝尔奖的一项顶级大奖，该奖项创立于1946年，旨在表彰医学领域作出突 出贡献的科学家、医生和公共服务人员。 拉斯克奖 素有" 诺奖风向标 "之称，例如， 屠呦呦 ； Katalin Karikó 和 Drew Weissman ； Demis Hassabis 和 John Jumper 等人都在获得拉斯克奖不久后获 得了诺贝尔奖。 刚刚，2025 年拉斯克奖获奖名单出炉，6 位科学家分别获得拉斯克基础医学奖、拉斯克临床医学奖、拉斯克特别成就奖。 拉斯克基础医学奖 —— 低复杂度结构域的结构与功能 获奖者 ： Dirk Görlich （马克斯·普朗克研究所） 、 Steven L. McKnight （德克萨斯大学西南医学中心） 获奖理由 ： 对于揭示蛋白质序列中低复杂度结构域的结构和功能的发现，这些发现阐明了细胞内运输和细胞组织的新原理。 Dirk Görlich 和 Steven L. McKnight 凭借大胆的想象力和巧妙的实验，揭示了细胞内运输和细胞组织的新原理。教科 ...

Market Performance - The Artemisinin concept index rose by 0.17%, ranking third among concept sectors, with three stocks increasing in value, including Baihua Medicine which hit the daily limit, and Fosun Pharma and China Resources Sanjiu which rose by 0.39% and 0.05% respectively [1] - The top gainers in the Artemisinin sector were Baihua Medicine, Fosun Pharma, and China Resources Sanjiu, while the biggest losers included Delong Huineng, New Harmony, and Zhejiang Medicine, which fell by 3.33%, 1.18%, and 1.17% respectively [1] Capital Flow - The Artemisinin concept sector experienced a net outflow of 58 million yuan in main capital, with Baihua Medicine receiving the highest net inflow of 109 million yuan, followed by China Resources Sanjiu and Zhejiang Medicine with net inflows of 14.16 million yuan and 5.79 million yuan respectively [2] - The net inflow ratios for Baihua Medicine, China Resources Sanjiu, and Zhejiang Medicine were 29.47%, 5.98%, and 2.65% respectively, indicating strong interest in these stocks [3] Stock Performance Details - Baihua Medicine had a daily increase of 10.03% with a turnover rate of 9.48% and a main capital flow of 108.91 million yuan, leading the sector [3] - Other notable stocks included China Resources Sanjiu with a slight increase of 0.05% and a turnover rate of 1.18%, and Zhejiang Medicine which decreased by 1.17% with a turnover rate of 1.48% [3][4]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the significant role of mosquitoes as disease vectors, highlighting their impact on human health and the ongoing battle against mosquito-borne diseases like malaria and dengue fever [4][10][20]. Group 1: Mosquitoes and Disease Transmission - Mosquitoes are not merely bloodsuckers but act as amplifiers or incubators for pathogens, facilitating their transmission to humans [14]. - They are responsible for over 15 diseases, including malaria, dengue fever, and chikungunya, with malaria alone causing nearly 600,000 deaths annually as of 2023 [22][30]. - The article cites Bill Gates' "Killer" ranking, where mosquitoes are responsible for 725,000 human deaths each year, far surpassing other predators [10][17]. Group 2: Historical Context and Control Measures - The struggle against malaria dates back over 4,700 years in China, with significant advancements like the extraction of artemisinin by Tu Youyou in the 1970s marking turning points in malaria treatment [23][27]. - The global malaria burden is predominantly concentrated in economically disadvantaged regions, particularly in Africa, which carries 95% of the disease burden [30][31]. - The mosquito control market has grown significantly, with retail sales increasing from 6.209 billion yuan in 2015 to 10.433 billion yuan in 2022, reflecting a compound annual growth rate of 7.69% [32]. Group 3: Innovations in Mosquito Control - New strategies for mosquito control include the use of sterilized male mosquitoes to reduce populations, with trials showing a potential 80% reduction in wild mosquito density within 6-8 weeks [41]. - The article discusses the emergence of various mosquito repellent products, expanding from traditional methods to innovative solutions like mosquito repellent wristbands and outdoor repellent devices [34][35]. Group 4: Urban Management and Public Health - Effective mosquito control requires collaboration between health departments and urban planners, emphasizing the importance of community engagement in preventive measures [43][44]. - Cities like Beijing and Guangzhou have implemented mosquito density monitoring systems and indices to inform the public about mosquito activity and associated risks [47][51].

Core Insights - The book "Double Drug Record" by Liang Guibai focuses on the historical struggle against malaria, highlighting the development of two key drugs: quinine and artemisinin, and the exchange between Chinese and Western medicine [1][4] - Quinine, derived from the bark of the cinchona tree in South America, and artemisinin, sourced from traditional Chinese medicine, represent significant achievements in the fight against malaria from different cultural backgrounds [1][4] Historical Context - In the 17th century, quinine was first recognized for its medicinal properties when it cured the wife of the Spanish governor in Peru, leading to its inclusion in the London Pharmacopoeia in 1677 [2] - Quinine's active ingredient was isolated by a French chemist in 1820, and it underwent over a century of research before achieving full synthesis [2] - The use of artemisinin dates back to the Eastern Jin Dynasty, with its first recorded use in a medical text by Ge Hong, predating quinine's use by approximately 1300 years [2][3] Challenges in Drug Development - The selection of artemisinin faced challenges due to the differences in artemisia plants from northern and southern China, which affected the artemisinin content [3] - The preparation of traditional Chinese medicine is complex, and the extraction process significantly influences the drug's efficacy [3][4] - Tu Youyou's breakthrough in 1971, which involved using low boiling point solvents for extraction, was a pivotal moment in the development of artemisinin [4] Broader Implications - Both quinine and artemisinin have saved millions of lives and have had a profound impact on global health and geopolitics [4] - The narrative of these drugs illustrates the intricate connections between science, medicine, politics, economics, and diplomacy [4] - The author encourages ongoing exploration in drug development, emphasizing the importance of combining traditional Chinese medicine with modern technology to benefit human health [4]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the news is that the Artemisinin concept sector has seen a significant increase, with a rise of 2.65%, ranking third among concept sectors in terms of growth [1] - Within the Artemisinin concept sector, 10 stocks experienced an increase, with Rundu Co., Ltd. hitting the daily limit, and notable gains from Fosun Pharma, China Resources Sanjiu, and Haizheng Pharmaceutical, which rose by 3.94%, 3.10%, and 2.71% respectively [1][2] - The sector attracted a net inflow of 369 million yuan from main funds, with seven stocks receiving net inflows, and five stocks seeing inflows exceeding 30 million yuan [2] Group 2 - The leading stock in terms of net inflow was Rundu Co., Ltd., which saw a net inflow of 145 million yuan, followed by Fosun Pharma, Haizheng Pharmaceutical, and Zhejiang Medicine with net inflows of 101 million yuan, 53.91 million yuan, and 50.35 million yuan respectively [2][3] - In terms of fund inflow ratios, Rundu Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Medicine, and China Resources Sanjiu had the highest ratios, with net inflow rates of 42.20%, 11.87%, and 8.44% respectively [3] - The trading performance of the top stocks in the Artemisinin concept sector showed significant turnover rates, with Rundu Co., Ltd. at 10.26%, Fosun Pharma at 2.30%, and Haizheng Pharmaceutical at 5.63% [3]

Core Viewpoint - The integration of chemical and biological synthesis is essential for achieving efficient chemical bond activation, cleavage, and reorganization, emphasizing the collaborative potential of both methods [2][4]. Group 1: Chemical and Biological Synthesis - The core goal of chemical-biological synergy is to enhance efficiency and reduce costs by leveraging the strengths of both chemical and biological synthesis methods [2][4]. - Chemical synthesis will not be completely replaced by biological synthesis; instead, the focus is on how to complement each other to create lower-cost and higher-value pathways [4][5]. Group 2: Case Studies and Applications - Examples include the production of artemisinin, where biological synthesis converts sugars to artemisinic acid, while chemical methods enhance production efficiency through hydrogenation and oxidation [6]. - Collaborative efforts in various fields, such as polymer materials and drug development, have shown significant results, indicating a broad application prospect for chemical-biological synergy [6]. Group 3: Advances in Catalysis - Biomimetic catalysis is a key area where chemists learn from biologists, with future developments focusing on the diversity of catalytic systems and synergistic catalytic functions [7]. - Breakthroughs in artificial enzymes and non-natural reactions have been achieved by combining chemical catalysts with protein systems, providing new pathways for complex molecule synthesis [8]. Group 4: Innovations in Synthetic Biology - Combinatorial biosynthesis through genome recombination and editing generates non-natural products, with chemical methods playing a crucial role in precursor provision and subsequent modifications [9]. - The synthesis of nucleic acids, proteins, and carbohydrates faces challenges, but advancements are being made in functionalization and long DNA synthesis [11][12][13]. Group 5: Future Outlook and Technological Integration - AI and big data are poised to play significant roles in promoting the integration of chemical and biological synthesis, accelerating genome mining, molecular design, and synthesis pathway optimization [14]. - The deep-sea scientific program exemplifies the potential for protein and enzyme modification in extreme environments, showcasing innovative research directions [15]. Group 6: Policy and Support for Research - A call for national-level top-level design to promote interdisciplinary research in chemical-biological synergy, particularly supporting young researchers in fields like medicine, materials, energy, and carbon neutrality [16].

Core Viewpoint - Modern fermentation technology is revolutionizing various industries, including agriculture, medicine, energy, and materials, by integrating natural wisdom with technological advancements, leading to a new era of precision health science [1][3][9] Traditional Fermentation Technology - Traditional fermentation is a treasure of human wisdom, producing unique foods that reflect regional culture and history, such as Korean kimchi and Chinese soy sauce [3] - The essence of traditional fermentation lies in its naturalness and cultural heritage, but its artisanal production model struggles to meet modern demands for scalability and standardization [3][4] Modern Fermentation Technology - Modern fermentation technology emphasizes scientific and innovative approaches, utilizing synthetic biology and metabolic engineering to optimize microbial metabolic pathways, significantly enhancing production efficiency [4][6] - Techniques such as CRISPR and metabolic pathway design enable the creation of microbial cell factories that can produce high-value compounds like human milk oligosaccharides and heme for plant-based meat [5][6] Economic Impact and Sustainability - Modern fermentation technology is driving industries towards a "biomanufacturing closed loop," converting agricultural waste into energy and purifying industrial wastewater, thus forming a zero-carbon chain [6][7] - It is projected that by the end of the 21st century, biomanufacturing will account for one-third of global chemical production, potentially generating $30 trillion in economic value [7] Applications in Traditional Medicine - Modern fermentation technology offers new opportunities for the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine, such as significantly increasing the yield of artemisinin from 0.1% to 25 g/L through engineered yeast [7][8] - Fermentation can enhance the efficacy of traditional herbal medicines by converting inactive components into active ones and improving bioavailability, as seen with ginsenoside Rh2 [8] Future Prospects - The integration of artificial intelligence and big data into fermentation research is expected to accelerate development cycles and enhance production processes [5][9] - As modern fermentation technology continues to evolve, it is anticipated to transform the health industry, making concepts like "precision nutrition" and "sustainable health" a reality in daily life [9]