撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 1972 年，以 屠呦呦 为了代表的中国科学家从黄花蒿中提取了 青蒿素 ，有效降低了 疟疾 患者的死亡率，成为 抗疟疾药物研究史上的"里程碑"， 她也因此获得了 2015 年 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 ，是第一位获得诺贝尔科学奖项的中国本土科学家、第一位获得诺贝尔生理医学奖的华人科学家。 | 此后，中国科学家进一步开发了 | 青蒿素衍生物 | 蒿甲醚 | ，并通过与 | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 本芴醇组合为 | 复方蒿甲醚 | | ，作为第二代抗疟疾药物。 | | | | 复方蒿甲醚 | | 以商品名" | Coartem | | | | "进入国际市场 | （由 | 诺华制药 | 生产） | ，于 | 1999 年 | | 获批，成为 | | 一线抗疟治疗方案，拯救了数百万人的生命，大幅降低了疟疾的死亡率。 | | | | | 复方蒿甲醚是迄今唯一在全世界广泛销售的中国专利药物，也是中国惟一真正走向世界的药物。 | | | | | | 疟疾 是由 疟原虫 感染人类引起，其主要通过蚊虫叮咬传播给人类。目前，全世 ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the news is that the Artemisinin concept sector experienced a slight increase of 0.40%, ranking 9th among concept sectors in terms of growth, with two stocks rising and several others declining [1] - Among the stocks in the Artemisinin concept sector, Delong Huineng reached a daily limit increase, while Baihua Pharmaceutical, Fosun Pharmaceutical, and Zhejiang Pharmaceutical saw declines of 1.91%, 1.42%, and 1.30% respectively [1] - The overall market saw a net outflow of 300 million yuan from the Artemisinin concept sector, with only one stock, Rundu Co., receiving a net inflow of 246,700 yuan, marking it as the top stock in terms of net inflow [2] Group 2 - The top-performing concept sectors today included China-Korea Free Trade Zone with an increase of 1.45%, while the worst-performing sector was the military equipment restructuring concept, which fell by 2.91% [2] - The trading volume and turnover rates for stocks in the Artemisinin concept sector varied, with Rundu Co. showing a turnover rate of 1.66% and a slight decline of 0.23%, while other stocks like Baihua Pharmaceutical and Zhejiang Pharmaceutical experienced larger declines and negative net inflows [2]

Core Viewpoint - The articles highlight the significant contributions of women in various fields, emphasizing their roles in advancing society and the economy, particularly in the context of China's modernization and development efforts [1][5]. Group 1: Contributions in Science and Technology - Tu Youyou, a recipient of the "Republic Medal," discovered artemisinin, which significantly reduced malaria mortality rates, saving millions of lives globally [7]. - Shan Xinghua led the development of the 12306 China Railway ticketing system, establishing it as a leading real-time ticketing platform worldwide [8]. - Liang Daihua, a director at Heilongjiang Gushi Biological Group, developed over a hundred nutritional plans that helped farmers increase their income by over 1 billion [10]. Group 2: Participation in Governance and Democracy - The proportion of female representatives in the National People's Congress (NPC) has increased, with 790 women representing 26.5% in 2023, up by 3.1 and 1.6 percentage points from previous sessions [13]. - Female representatives in the NPC proposed 29,328 suggestions, criticisms, and opinions from 2018 to 2025, accounting for 42.3% of the total [14]. - Women accounted for 42.3% of judges and 43.78% of prosecutors in 2024, with female jurors making up 51.5% [15]. Group 3: Cultural Contributions - Fan Jinshi, honorary director of the Dunhuang Research Institute, has made significant contributions to the protection and preservation of the Dunhuang Mogao Caves, establishing regulations and methods for cultural heritage protection [18]. - Women represent 25% of the 3,997 national-level intangible cultural heritage representatives, with 57% of the 51,000 training participants being women [20]. - Young women are becoming key figures in the "national trend" and the living inheritance of intangible cultural heritage, integrating it into contemporary life [21]. Group 4: Sports Achievements - The Chinese women's volleyball team achieved a remarkable victory at the 2023 Hangzhou Asian Games, winning gold for the ninth time, showcasing the spirit of teamwork and resilience [23]. Group 5: Community and Social Services - The "Peaceful Big Sister" team utilizes traditional Chinese mediation methods to resolve disputes and conflicts within communities [24]. - Wang Lanhua, a retired community committee director, has led volunteer services for over 20 years, addressing the needs of the elderly and children in her community [27]. - Women's volunteer fire brigades in Mushan Village conduct fire safety drills and promote fire safety knowledge to protect their community [29]. Group 6: Environmental Protection and Green Development - Yin Yuzhen has transformed over 70,000 acres of desert into arable land, contributing to ecological restoration and sustainable agriculture [31]. - Zhang Jinmei has dedicated decades to cultivating suitable tree species for high-altitude regions, promoting afforestation efforts [32]. - A women's team in Kunming has been actively involved in cleaning up the Dianchi Lake area, contributing to local environmental protection [34].

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the contributions of patriotic scientists in China, emphasizing their dedication and sacrifices for the nation's progress and development [1][16]. Group 1: Contributions of Scientists - Qian Weichang, despite his initial struggles in physics, chose to pursue science to serve the country, embodying the spirit of "the needs of the nation are my profession" [4]. - Hua Luogeng, upon hearing about the founding of New China, wrote an open letter urging overseas students to return and contribute to the nation, inspiring many top scientists to come back [6]. - Huang Xuhua dedicated 30 years to developing China's first nuclear submarine, prioritizing national duty over family [6]. - Gu Fangzhou developed a polio vaccine, personally testing it on his own child to ensure its safety, ultimately saving millions of children [6]. Group 2: Research and Innovations - Yuan Longping spent seven years searching for a natural male-sterile rice variety, leading to breakthroughs in hybrid rice research, aiming to eliminate hunger [8]. - Tu Youyou, through extensive research, developed artemisinin, a drug that has saved approximately 6.2 million lives globally [11]. - Deng Jiaxian risked his life during a nuclear test to collect debris, demonstrating his commitment to national security and scientific advancement [13]. - Nan Rendong dedicated 22 years to the construction of the world's largest radio telescope, FAST, showcasing perseverance in scientific endeavors [15]. Group 3: National Pride and Innovation - Ma Weiming led a 20-year effort to develop a key technology for naval power systems, achieving a breakthrough that surpassed American technology [15]. - The article concludes with a reflection on the sacrifices made by these scientists, emphasizing that the nation's stability and progress are due to their relentless efforts and dedication [16].

Core Viewpoint - The development of biomanufacturing is crucial for enhancing new productive forces in China, with the potential to account for one-third of global manufacturing output by the end of the century, creating a market worth $30 trillion [4]. Group 1: Biomanufacturing Industry Insights - Biomanufacturing is becoming a focal point in national strategic competition, with the U.S. aiming to replace 90% of traditional plastics with bio-based products within 20 years, and the EU implementing a carbon border adjustment mechanism by 2027 [4]. - The technology demonstrates significant potential in addressing resource and environmental challenges, such as using a 50 cubic meter bioreactor to produce artemisinin, which saves 30,000 acres of arable land [4]. - Each ton of bio-based plastic can reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 0.6 tons compared to traditional plastics, contributing to carbon neutrality goals [4]. Group 2: Applications and Innovations - Revolutionary breakthroughs in biomanufacturing are emerging, including the development of biological pheromones for precise pest control, which can replace high-residue pesticides [5]. - The cost of products like hyaluronic acid has significantly decreased due to biomanufacturing, and carbon dioxide is being explored as a third-generation raw material [5]. - The integration of artificial intelligence accelerates innovation, enabling the industrial production of scarce components like catechin from green tea [5]. Group 3: Challenges and Recommendations - Despite holding 70% of global fermentation capacity, the biomanufacturing industry in China faces challenges such as a lack of proprietary strains and limitations in core software tools [5]. - There is a call for enhanced top-level design to focus on cutting-edge areas like carbon dioxide bioconversion and future food manufacturing, aiming to address both green chemical alternatives and protein supply security [5].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of university museums and historical exhibits in reflecting the history, culture, and spirit of higher education institutions in China, showcasing their contributions to national development and scientific progress over the past 70 years [1][2]. Group 1: Historical Contributions - Tsinghua University and Peking University have dedicated exhibition areas that honor the contributions of notable figures in China's scientific history, such as the "Two Bombs, One Satellite" pioneers [3][4]. - The "Beijing No. 1" aircraft, designed and built by students and faculty at Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, represents a significant achievement in China's aviation history, completing its first flight in 1958 after just 100 days of development [5][7]. Group 2: Educational Impact - University museums serve as educational resources, providing students with insights into the historical context of scientific achievements and encouraging them to inherit the spirit of dedication and innovation from their predecessors [9][12]. - The integration of historical exhibits into educational programs, such as the "Aerospace Spirit" lessons at Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, aims to inspire students to contribute to national defense and technological advancement [12][13]. Group 3: Scientific Achievements - The article highlights various scientific breakthroughs, including the development of the first Chinese laser typesetting system and the discovery of artemisinin by Tu Youyou, showcasing the universities' roles in advancing technology and medicine [9][11]. - The narrative of self-reliance and innovation is prevalent, with universities like Tsinghua and Beihang University leading in research and development across multiple fields, including aerospace and artificial intelligence [11][13].

Core Points - The Lasker Awards are prestigious biomedical awards in the U.S., established in 1946, recognizing significant contributions in the medical field, often seen as a precursor to the Nobel Prize [2][3] - The 2025 Lasker Award winners include six scientists recognized for their groundbreaking work in basic and clinical medicine [3] Group 1: Lasker Basic Medical Award - Winners: Dirk Görlich and Steven L. McKnight for their discoveries regarding the structure and function of low-complexity domains (LCDs) in proteins, which elucidate new principles of intracellular transport and organization [7][26] - Their research challenges traditional views that LCDs, composed of a limited number of amino acids, are insignificant, revealing that approximately 15%-20% of eukaryotic proteins contain such domains that play crucial roles in various physiological functions [7][26] Group 2: Lasker Clinical Medical Award - Winners: Michael J. Welsh, Jesús González, and Paul A. Negulescu for their pivotal role in developing a three-drug combination therapy for cystic fibrosis, transforming it into a manageable condition [29] Group 3: Lasker Special Achievement Award - Winner: Lucy Shapiro for her 55 years of contributions in bacterial cell biology and national leadership, including the establishment of Stanford University's developmental biology department and her advisory role on issues like antibiotic resistance [30]

Market Performance - The Artemisinin concept index rose by 0.17%, ranking third among concept sectors, with three stocks increasing in value, including Baihua Medicine which hit the daily limit, and Fosun Pharma and China Resources Sanjiu which rose by 0.39% and 0.05% respectively [1] - The top gainers in the Artemisinin sector were Baihua Medicine, Fosun Pharma, and China Resources Sanjiu, while the biggest losers included Delong Huineng, New Harmony, and Zhejiang Medicine, which fell by 3.33%, 1.18%, and 1.17% respectively [1] Capital Flow - The Artemisinin concept sector experienced a net outflow of 58 million yuan in main capital, with Baihua Medicine receiving the highest net inflow of 109 million yuan, followed by China Resources Sanjiu and Zhejiang Medicine with net inflows of 14.16 million yuan and 5.79 million yuan respectively [2] - The net inflow ratios for Baihua Medicine, China Resources Sanjiu, and Zhejiang Medicine were 29.47%, 5.98%, and 2.65% respectively, indicating strong interest in these stocks [3] Stock Performance Details - Baihua Medicine had a daily increase of 10.03% with a turnover rate of 9.48% and a main capital flow of 108.91 million yuan, leading the sector [3] - Other notable stocks included China Resources Sanjiu with a slight increase of 0.05% and a turnover rate of 1.18%, and Zhejiang Medicine which decreased by 1.17% with a turnover rate of 1.48% [3][4]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the significant role of mosquitoes as disease vectors, highlighting their impact on human health and the ongoing battle against mosquito-borne diseases like malaria and dengue fever [4][10][20]. Group 1: Mosquitoes and Disease Transmission - Mosquitoes are not merely bloodsuckers but act as amplifiers or incubators for pathogens, facilitating their transmission to humans [14]. - They are responsible for over 15 diseases, including malaria, dengue fever, and chikungunya, with malaria alone causing nearly 600,000 deaths annually as of 2023 [22][30]. - The article cites Bill Gates' "Killer" ranking, where mosquitoes are responsible for 725,000 human deaths each year, far surpassing other predators [10][17]. Group 2: Historical Context and Control Measures - The struggle against malaria dates back over 4,700 years in China, with significant advancements like the extraction of artemisinin by Tu Youyou in the 1970s marking turning points in malaria treatment [23][27]. - The global malaria burden is predominantly concentrated in economically disadvantaged regions, particularly in Africa, which carries 95% of the disease burden [30][31]. - The mosquito control market has grown significantly, with retail sales increasing from 6.209 billion yuan in 2015 to 10.433 billion yuan in 2022, reflecting a compound annual growth rate of 7.69% [32]. Group 3: Innovations in Mosquito Control - New strategies for mosquito control include the use of sterilized male mosquitoes to reduce populations, with trials showing a potential 80% reduction in wild mosquito density within 6-8 weeks [41]. - The article discusses the emergence of various mosquito repellent products, expanding from traditional methods to innovative solutions like mosquito repellent wristbands and outdoor repellent devices [34][35]. Group 4: Urban Management and Public Health - Effective mosquito control requires collaboration between health departments and urban planners, emphasizing the importance of community engagement in preventive measures [43][44]. - Cities like Beijing and Guangzhou have implemented mosquito density monitoring systems and indices to inform the public about mosquito activity and associated risks [47][51].

Core Insights - The book "Double Drug Record" by Liang Guibai focuses on the historical struggle against malaria, highlighting the development of two key drugs: quinine and artemisinin, and the exchange between Chinese and Western medicine [1][4] - Quinine, derived from the bark of the cinchona tree in South America, and artemisinin, sourced from traditional Chinese medicine, represent significant achievements in the fight against malaria from different cultural backgrounds [1][4] Historical Context - In the 17th century, quinine was first recognized for its medicinal properties when it cured the wife of the Spanish governor in Peru, leading to its inclusion in the London Pharmacopoeia in 1677 [2] - Quinine's active ingredient was isolated by a French chemist in 1820, and it underwent over a century of research before achieving full synthesis [2] - The use of artemisinin dates back to the Eastern Jin Dynasty, with its first recorded use in a medical text by Ge Hong, predating quinine's use by approximately 1300 years [2][3] Challenges in Drug Development - The selection of artemisinin faced challenges due to the differences in artemisia plants from northern and southern China, which affected the artemisinin content [3] - The preparation of traditional Chinese medicine is complex, and the extraction process significantly influences the drug's efficacy [3][4] - Tu Youyou's breakthrough in 1971, which involved using low boiling point solvents for extraction, was a pivotal moment in the development of artemisinin [4] Broader Implications - Both quinine and artemisinin have saved millions of lives and have had a profound impact on global health and geopolitics [4] - The narrative of these drugs illustrates the intricate connections between science, medicine, politics, economics, and diplomacy [4] - The author encourages ongoing exploration in drug development, emphasizing the importance of combining traditional Chinese medicine with modern technology to benefit human health [4]