Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the significant role of mosquitoes as disease vectors, highlighting their impact on human health and the ongoing battle against mosquito-borne diseases like malaria and dengue fever [4][10][20]. Group 1: Mosquitoes and Disease Transmission - Mosquitoes are not merely bloodsuckers but act as amplifiers or incubators for pathogens, facilitating their transmission to humans [14]. - They are responsible for over 15 diseases, including malaria, dengue fever, and chikungunya, with malaria alone causing nearly 600,000 deaths annually as of 2023 [22][30]. - The article cites Bill Gates' "Killer" ranking, where mosquitoes are responsible for 725,000 human deaths each year, far surpassing other predators [10][17]. Group 2: Historical Context and Control Measures - The struggle against malaria dates back over 4,700 years in China, with significant advancements like the extraction of artemisinin by Tu Youyou in the 1970s marking turning points in malaria treatment [23][27]. - The global malaria burden is predominantly concentrated in economically disadvantaged regions, particularly in Africa, which carries 95% of the disease burden [30][31]. - The mosquito control market has grown significantly, with retail sales increasing from 6.209 billion yuan in 2015 to 10.433 billion yuan in 2022, reflecting a compound annual growth rate of 7.69% [32]. Group 3: Innovations in Mosquito Control - New strategies for mosquito control include the use of sterilized male mosquitoes to reduce populations, with trials showing a potential 80% reduction in wild mosquito density within 6-8 weeks [41]. - The article discusses the emergence of various mosquito repellent products, expanding from traditional methods to innovative solutions like mosquito repellent wristbands and outdoor repellent devices [34][35]. Group 4: Urban Management and Public Health - Effective mosquito control requires collaboration between health departments and urban planners, emphasizing the importance of community engagement in preventive measures [43][44]. - Cities like Beijing and Guangzhou have implemented mosquito density monitoring systems and indices to inform the public about mosquito activity and associated risks [47][51].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the news is that the Artemisinin concept sector has seen a significant increase, with a rise of 2.65%, ranking third among concept sectors in terms of growth [1] - Within the Artemisinin concept sector, 10 stocks experienced an increase, with Rundu Co., Ltd. hitting the daily limit, and notable gains from Fosun Pharma, China Resources Sanjiu, and Haizheng Pharmaceutical, which rose by 3.94%, 3.10%, and 2.71% respectively [1][2] - The sector attracted a net inflow of 369 million yuan from main funds, with seven stocks receiving net inflows, and five stocks seeing inflows exceeding 30 million yuan [2] Group 2 - The leading stock in terms of net inflow was Rundu Co., Ltd., which saw a net inflow of 145 million yuan, followed by Fosun Pharma, Haizheng Pharmaceutical, and Zhejiang Medicine with net inflows of 101 million yuan, 53.91 million yuan, and 50.35 million yuan respectively [2][3] - In terms of fund inflow ratios, Rundu Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Medicine, and China Resources Sanjiu had the highest ratios, with net inflow rates of 42.20%, 11.87%, and 8.44% respectively [3] - The trading performance of the top stocks in the Artemisinin concept sector showed significant turnover rates, with Rundu Co., Ltd. at 10.26%, Fosun Pharma at 2.30%, and Haizheng Pharmaceutical at 5.63% [3]

Core Viewpoint - The integration of chemical and biological synthesis is essential for achieving efficient chemical bond activation, cleavage, and reorganization, emphasizing the collaborative potential of both methods [2][4]. Group 1: Chemical and Biological Synthesis - The core goal of chemical-biological synergy is to enhance efficiency and reduce costs by leveraging the strengths of both chemical and biological synthesis methods [2][4]. - Chemical synthesis will not be completely replaced by biological synthesis; instead, the focus is on how to complement each other to create lower-cost and higher-value pathways [4][5]. Group 2: Case Studies and Applications - Examples include the production of artemisinin, where biological synthesis converts sugars to artemisinic acid, while chemical methods enhance production efficiency through hydrogenation and oxidation [6]. - Collaborative efforts in various fields, such as polymer materials and drug development, have shown significant results, indicating a broad application prospect for chemical-biological synergy [6]. Group 3: Advances in Catalysis - Biomimetic catalysis is a key area where chemists learn from biologists, with future developments focusing on the diversity of catalytic systems and synergistic catalytic functions [7]. - Breakthroughs in artificial enzymes and non-natural reactions have been achieved by combining chemical catalysts with protein systems, providing new pathways for complex molecule synthesis [8]. Group 4: Innovations in Synthetic Biology - Combinatorial biosynthesis through genome recombination and editing generates non-natural products, with chemical methods playing a crucial role in precursor provision and subsequent modifications [9]. - The synthesis of nucleic acids, proteins, and carbohydrates faces challenges, but advancements are being made in functionalization and long DNA synthesis [11][12][13]. Group 5: Future Outlook and Technological Integration - AI and big data are poised to play significant roles in promoting the integration of chemical and biological synthesis, accelerating genome mining, molecular design, and synthesis pathway optimization [14]. - The deep-sea scientific program exemplifies the potential for protein and enzyme modification in extreme environments, showcasing innovative research directions [15]. Group 6: Policy and Support for Research - A call for national-level top-level design to promote interdisciplinary research in chemical-biological synergy, particularly supporting young researchers in fields like medicine, materials, energy, and carbon neutrality [16].

Core Viewpoint - Modern fermentation technology is revolutionizing various industries, including agriculture, medicine, energy, and materials, by integrating natural wisdom with technological advancements, leading to a new era of precision health science [1][3][9] Traditional Fermentation Technology - Traditional fermentation is a treasure of human wisdom, producing unique foods that reflect regional culture and history, such as Korean kimchi and Chinese soy sauce [3] - The essence of traditional fermentation lies in its naturalness and cultural heritage, but its artisanal production model struggles to meet modern demands for scalability and standardization [3][4] Modern Fermentation Technology - Modern fermentation technology emphasizes scientific and innovative approaches, utilizing synthetic biology and metabolic engineering to optimize microbial metabolic pathways, significantly enhancing production efficiency [4][6] - Techniques such as CRISPR and metabolic pathway design enable the creation of microbial cell factories that can produce high-value compounds like human milk oligosaccharides and heme for plant-based meat [5][6] Economic Impact and Sustainability - Modern fermentation technology is driving industries towards a "biomanufacturing closed loop," converting agricultural waste into energy and purifying industrial wastewater, thus forming a zero-carbon chain [6][7] - It is projected that by the end of the 21st century, biomanufacturing will account for one-third of global chemical production, potentially generating $30 trillion in economic value [7] Applications in Traditional Medicine - Modern fermentation technology offers new opportunities for the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine, such as significantly increasing the yield of artemisinin from 0.1% to 25 g/L through engineered yeast [7][8] - Fermentation can enhance the efficacy of traditional herbal medicines by converting inactive components into active ones and improving bioavailability, as seen with ginsenoside Rh2 [8] Future Prospects - The integration of artificial intelligence and big data into fermentation research is expected to accelerate development cycles and enhance production processes [5][9] - As modern fermentation technology continues to evolve, it is anticipated to transform the health industry, making concepts like "precision nutrition" and "sustainable health" a reality in daily life [9]

Group 1 - The event on May 30th celebrated the contributions of scientists, particularly focusing on the relationship between plants and human life, as part of a series aimed at promoting the spirit of scientists by 2025 [1][5] - Professor Gu Hongya emphasized the importance of plants in human civilization, discussing their role in food sources and the process of domestication versus breeding [2][4] - The introduction of various plants throughout history, such as grapes and potatoes, illustrates the evolution of human civilization and the significance of plant resources [2][3] Group 2 - Gu highlighted the strategic importance of wild plant resources, noting that even non-endangered species like wild soybeans are crucial for food security due to their unique genetic traits [3] - The lecture showcased the dedication of scientists like Yuan Longping and Tu Youyou, who made significant contributions to agriculture and health, respectively, demonstrating the spirit of perseverance and innovation [4][5] - The event aimed to foster a scientific atmosphere and enhance public scientific literacy, aligning with national goals for technological advancement and national rejuvenation [5]

Group 1 - The Artemisinin concept sector rose by 1.17%, ranking 7th among concept sectors, with six stocks increasing in value, including Fosun Pharma, Zhejiang Medicine, and Haizheng Pharmaceutical, which rose by 5.23%, 4.94%, and 1.54% respectively [1] - The leading stocks in terms of net inflow of main funds were Zhejiang Medicine, Fosun Pharma, Baiyun Mountain, and Haizheng Pharmaceutical, with net inflows of 856.29 million, 545.22 million, 103.85 million, and 52.54 million respectively [1] - The main fund inflow rates for Zhejiang Medicine, Baiyun Mountain, and Fosun Pharma were 7.58%, 7.56%, and 3.62% respectively [2] Group 2 - The top gainers in the concept sector included pork, chicken farming, innovative drugs, and animal vaccines, while the top losers included controllable nuclear fusion and decelerators [1] - The overall market performance showed a mixed trend, with some sectors experiencing significant gains while others faced declines [1] - The trading volume and turnover rates varied among the stocks, indicating differing levels of investor interest and activity [2][3]

Core Viewpoint - The integration of Zhengzhou and Xuchang is a strategic initiative aimed at enhancing regional economic development and competitiveness through collaborative efforts in transportation, industry, and ecological sustainability [1][3][14]. Group 1: Economic Integration and Development - Zhengzhou and Xuchang are leveraging their geographical proximity and transportation networks to foster economic integration, with the Zheng-Xu intercity railway serving as a key infrastructure project [6][12]. - The combined economic output of the Zheng-Xu region exceeds 2 trillion yuan, positioning it competitively alongside other major urban clusters in China [14]. - The integration is expected to enhance the overall competitiveness of the Zhengzhou metropolitan area by creating synergies between the two cities' industries [14]. Group 2: Transportation Infrastructure - The Zheng-Xu intercity railway, spanning 67.13 kilometers, has facilitated over 10 million passenger trips since its opening, significantly improving connectivity between the two cities [6][16]. - A comprehensive transportation network, including high-speed rail and highways, is being developed to support seamless travel and logistics between Zhengzhou and Xuchang [6][12]. Group 3: Industrial Collaboration - Zhengzhou and Xuchang are focusing on complementary industrial development, with Xuchang specializing in manufacturing and Zhengzhou in high-tech industries, creating a robust industrial ecosystem [7][12]. - The establishment of the Xuchang Port Industrial Belt and the Zhengzhou Airport Economic Comprehensive Experimental Zone is expected to attract significant investment and foster innovation [8][12]. Group 4: Ecological and Cultural Synergy - The integration initiative includes ecological projects aimed at enhancing the environmental quality and promoting sustainable development in the region [9][12]. - Both cities are rich in cultural heritage, and their collaboration is anticipated to boost tourism and cultural exchanges, enhancing the overall attractiveness of the Zhengzhou metropolitan area [13][12]. Group 5: Strategic Planning and Future Outlook - The Zheng-Xu integration is part of a broader provincial strategy to create a modern urban cluster that can drive economic growth and innovation in Central China [11][14]. - Continuous efforts are being made to refine policies and mechanisms that support this integration, ensuring that both cities can maximize their potential through coordinated development [11][15].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article highlights the decline of the artemisinin concept sector, which fell by 0.82%, ranking among the top declines in the concept sector [1][2] - Within the artemisinin concept sector, major companies such as Rundu Co., Zhejiang Medicine, and Kunming Pharmaceutical experienced significant declines, while only two stocks, Delong Huineng and Baiyunshan, saw increases of 1.06% and 0.37% respectively [1][2] - The article provides a detailed overview of the capital flow, indicating a net outflow of 58 million yuan from the artemisinin concept sector, with Rundu Co. leading the outflow at 43.43 million yuan [2] Group 2 - The article lists the top-performing concept sectors, with the military equipment restructuring concept leading with a gain of 3.92%, while the artemisinin concept was among the worst performers [2] - A table is provided showing the capital flow for various companies within the artemisinin concept, detailing their respective price changes and turnover rates, with Rundu Co. showing a significant outflow [2]

Group 1 - The core idea emphasizes that plants are complex "green high-tech factories" containing thousands of chemical compounds that have various functions and applications [1][2]. - Plant chemistry is a scientific field that studies the chemical compounds in plants, their functions, and how to develop and utilize them [1][2]. - Plants have developed two metabolic systems over billions of years: primary metabolism for basic growth and secondary metabolism for environmental defense [1]. Group 2 - The "weapons" produced by plants are not only for defense but also play a role in attracting pollinators through unique aromas and colors [2]. - Each plant acts as a hidden factory, producing various compounds that influence food, beverages, spices, and medicines [2]. - The chemical composition of plants varies due to genetic, geographical, climatic factors, and different parts of the same plant [2][3]. Group 3 - A single vegetable or fruit can contain hundreds of chemical compounds with varying functions and concentrations [3]. - The current limitations in separation technology mean that many chemical components in plants remain unidentified [3]. - Protecting plant diversity is crucial for preserving the diversity of plant compounds, which may hold solutions for future challenges [3].

撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 美国国家科学院 （National Academy of Sciences，United States，简称：NAS） 成立于 1863 年，是美 国乃至世界最高水平的学术机构之一，大约有 500 名现任和已故美国国家科学院院士获得过诺贝尔奖。旗下 《 美国国家科学院院刊 》 （PNAS） 成立于 1914 年，是当今发表原创研究成果的最重要的国际学术期刊 之一。 屠呦呦 ， 1930 年 12 月 30 日生，因发现青蒿素可有效降低疟疾患者的死亡率，而获得 2015 年诺贝尔生 理学或医学奖，是第一位获得诺贝尔科学奖项的中国本土科学家、第一位获得诺贝尔生理医学奖的华人科学 家。 屠呦呦发现的全新抗疟疾药物青蒿素在 20 世纪 80 年代治愈了很多中国病人。 世界卫生组织推荐将基于青 蒿素的复合疗法作为一线抗疟治疗方案，拯救了数百万人的生命，使非洲疟疾致死率下降 66%，5 岁以下儿 童患疟疾死亡率下降 71%。 此次当选的华裔科学家还有 ： 张复伦 （ 加州大学旧金山分校神经外科系神经外科教授 ） 、 范汕洄 （ 斯坦 福大学工程学院教授 ） 、 金海瓴 （ 加州大学 ...