【环球时报特约记者 武彦】据美国"太空"网站20日报道，美国国家航空航天局（NASA）当天宣布，原 本被叫停的"毒蛇"月球车项目正式复活，将力争在2027年跟随蓝色起源公司的"蓝月亮"月球着陆器降落 在月球南极地区。 不过美媒也提到，蓝色起源公司只负责完成"毒蛇"月球车与"蓝月亮"月球着陆器的整合，并不包括发射 任务。美国"太空新闻"网站20日称，NASA官员警告称，"阿尔忒弥斯"载人登月计划很可能因为美国太 空探索技术公司（SpaceX）的"星舰"超重型火箭研制进度滞后而被迫"推迟数年"，尤其是其"星舰"飞船 准备工作的任何延迟都可能进一步推迟该计划的时间表，进而导致"中国在新一轮载人登月竞赛中取得 领先"。 由于月球南极可能存在水冰资源，该地区也因此成为各国新一轮月球探测的热点。2023年印度"月船 3"号成为首个在月球南极地区成功软着陆的探测器，但它并没有提供该地区是否存在水冰的直接证据。 2025年3月，美国直觉机器公司的"雅典娜"着陆器在月球南极着陆时侧翻，太阳能板无法有效充电，电 池耗尽后任务提前结束，只发回了少量数据。中国将在2026年发射嫦娥七号探测器，其主要任务是开展 飞跃探测，争取在月球南 ...

Group 1: Artemis Program Overview - The Artemis program aims to return humans to the Moon and establish a long-term presence, ultimately paving the way for Mars exploration [2][3] - The program's complexity involves multiple launches and in-orbit docking, contrasting with the direct launch method used in the Apollo program [2] - The first four missions of the Artemis program have been confirmed, with Artemis 1 successfully completing an uncrewed test in 2022 [3] Group 2: Mission Delays and Challenges - Artemis 2, originally scheduled for 2024, has been delayed to April 2026, raising concerns about the timeline for Artemis 3 [3][4] - Technical issues with the Space Launch System (SLS) rocket and Orion spacecraft have contributed to the delays, with SLS facing fuel leak problems [4][5] - The lunar lander, developed by SpaceX, is significantly behind schedule, impacting the overall timeline of the Artemis missions [4][5] Group 3: Lunar Lander and Technical Hurdles - The lunar lander requires advanced capabilities for landing and takeoff on the Moon, with significant engineering challenges due to the lunar environment [5] - SpaceX's plan involves launching multiple Starship rockets to create a fuel depot in low Earth orbit for the lunar lander, but this technology has not been tested [5] - The development of a backup lunar lander by Blue Origin is also lagging behind schedule, compounding the issues faced by the Artemis program [5] Group 4: Spacesuit Development Issues - The new generation of lunar spacesuits is facing delays, which are critical for astronaut safety and functionality during extended missions on the Moon [6][8] - NASA has outsourced spacesuit development to Axiom Space due to internal delays, with prototypes being tested but still requiring significant work [9][10] - The AxEMU spacesuit is expected to undergo critical design reviews and integration testing with the lunar lander, but this process has contributed to project delays [9][10] Group 5: Long-term Goals and Nuclear Power Plans - The Artemis program aims to establish a long-term presence on the Moon, including plans for a nuclear reactor to provide energy [10][11] - NASA is targeting the deployment of a 100-kilowatt nuclear reactor by 2030, but experts express skepticism about meeting this timeline due to technical challenges [11][12] - The development of a biological life support system is also critical for long-term lunar habitation, with current systems relying on supply missions [12]

Core Viewpoint - SpaceX is planning the tenth launch of its "Starship" Super Heavy rocket, facing skepticism due to three consecutive failures earlier this year [1][2]. Group 1: Launch Plans and Objectives - The upcoming launch is scheduled for 7:30 PM Eastern Time on the 24th, from Texas [1]. - The mission aims to deploy eight "simulated satellites" into orbit and test the rocket's payload delivery capabilities, without attempting the previous recovery method [2]. Group 2: Recent Failures and Criticism - The "Starship" V2 version has experienced multiple failures, including a significant explosion during a static fire test in June, damaging infrastructure [2][3]. - The Mexican government has threatened legal action against SpaceX due to debris from the rocket affecting its coastline, highlighting widespread criticism of the company's safety practices [2]. Group 3: Regulatory Support and Future Plans - Despite external criticism, the FAA has approved an increase in launch frequency from five to twenty-five times per year, indicating regulatory support for SpaceX [3]. - SpaceX has made adjustments to the rocket's fuel disperser component to address previous failures, as the company aims to meet ambitious timelines for deep space exploration, including a planned Mars mission by 2026 [3].

Core Viewpoint - SpaceX's Mars mission timeline has been significantly revised, with the likelihood of launching the "Starship" to Mars in 2026 now deemed very low, pushing the potential launch window to between 2028 and 2030 [1][2] Group 1: Mission Timeline and Goals - Elon Musk has acknowledged that there is now only a "small chance" of launching a spacecraft to Mars by the end of 2026, with the next optimal launch window occurring in late 2024 [2] - The revised timeline suggests that the first uncrewed Mars mission could occur in approximately 3.5 years, with a crewed mission following in about 5.5 years, indicating a four-year delay from the original plan [2][3] Group 2: Technical Challenges - SpaceX has faced numerous technical setbacks with the "Starship," which is designed to be fully reusable and capable of carrying significant payloads for interstellar travel, but has only achieved limited success in testing [3] - The recent failures in the "Starship" test flights have necessitated substantial design modifications, delaying critical tests for in-orbit refueling technology essential for Mars travel [3][4] Group 3: Long-term Vision - SpaceX aims to launch between 1,000 and 2,000 "Starship" spacecraft during each launch window, with a goal of sending approximately 1 million tons of supplies to Mars to establish a self-sustaining "Mars civilization" [4] - The company must also address the challenges of long-duration space travel for astronauts, including the effects of cosmic radiation and the psychological impacts of isolation in a confined environment [4]

Group 1 - The White House has withdrawn the nomination of Jared Isaacman as the NASA Administrator, which was initially proposed by Trump in December last year [1][3] - The Senate committee had approved Isaacman's nomination in late April, but the full Senate vote was pending [1][3] - The withdrawal is attributed to Isaacman's past donations to prominent Democrats, indicating potential political implications [1][3] Group 2 - NASA is currently facing a crisis, with the proposed budget for fiscal year 2026 suggesting a 25% cut to NASA's budget and potential layoffs of thousands of employees [3] - The cancellation of Isaacman's nomination may lead to a leadership vacuum at NASA, causing delays in decision-making and affecting the agency's operations [4] - Isaacman's potential leadership was expected to push NASA towards commercial procurement and efficiency, but his withdrawal introduces uncertainty in strategic direction [4][5] Group 3 - The Artemis program's implementation path may revert to using Boeing's Space Launch System (SLS) rocket, as Isaacman's departure raises questions about the future of the program [4] - Isaacman had advocated for increased scientific missions, contrasting with Trump's budget cuts to science projects, which may now face greater financial pressure [4] - The relationship between NASA and commercial space companies like SpaceX may remain unchanged or face new variables due to the withdrawal of Isaacman's nomination [5] Group 4 - Steven Kwast, a retired Air Force major general, is a leading candidate to replace Isaacman, with the next NASA head expected to fully support Trump's "America First" agenda [5][6]

1. 【"星舰"第八次试射爆炸原因查明，即将第九次发射】据美国"太空"网站25日报道，美国太空探索 技术公司（SpaceX）公布了"星舰"超重型火箭第八次试射失败的原因——发动机故障导致的连锁反 应，最终引发火箭空中自毁爆炸。报道称，美国联邦航空管理局（FAA）已经认可该事故调查报告， 并批准后续的飞行试验。如果一切顺利，"星舰"的第九次试射最早将于美国当地时间27日进行。（环 球网） 2. 【消息称台积电已预约1.2纳米先进制程厂址】5月26日，有消息称，台积电已向南科园区管理部门 预约沙仑生态科学园区（南科台南园区四期）一半土地，作为未来1.2纳米先进制程的建厂基地。南 科园区管理部门表示，沙仑生态科学园区目前处于筹设计划阶段，预估2027年下半年可以取得开发许 可。对于台积电是否已提出土地需求，或园区已先行预留给台积电设厂，南科园区管理部门称，以台 积电公告为准。（ 科创板日报） 4.【中国信通院牵头完成ITU-R 5G卫星技术规范】 4月30日—5月6日，国际电信联盟无线电通信局卫 星研究组（ITU-R SG4）WP4B第56次全会在上海召开。中国信通院牵头，联合中信科移动通信技术 股份有限公司、中国 ...

Core Insights - SpaceX's Starship Super Heavy rocket experienced its eighth test flight failure due to engine malfunctions leading to a chain reaction that resulted in the rocket's self-destruction in mid-air [1][3] - The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has approved the investigation report and subsequent flight tests, with the ninth test flight scheduled for May 27 [1][4] Group 1: Test Flight Failures - The Starship's previous test flights have garnered significant attention, but both of its attempts in 2023 ended in failure [1] - The seventh test flight on January 17 saw the Starship spacecraft lose control during re-entry, leading to self-destruction due to high vibration intensity causing fuel leakage and fire [1] - The eighth test flight on March 6 faced a similar fate, with the first stage successfully recovering but the spacecraft disintegrating mid-air [1][3] Group 2: Investigation Findings - The investigation report indicated that the failure during the eighth test was due to a hardware fault in the central engine, causing unintended mixing and ignition of propellants [3] - The report highlighted that the failure was not the same as the previous test, with a "flash" event occurring in the engine center leading to a shutdown of one engine and subsequent failures in adjacent engines [3] Group 3: Remedial Actions - SpaceX's corrective plan includes increasing preload at critical connections, optimizing propellant discharge systems, and introducing a new generation of engines to enhance reliability [3] - The first stage of the Starship successfully recovered but experienced issues with two engines failing during the retrofire phase and one during landing, attributed to localized overheating [3] Group 4: Upcoming Test Flight - The ninth test flight will take place at Boca Chica, Texas, with plans to test multiple objectives, including deploying eight prototype Starlink satellites [4] - For this mission, SpaceX will not attempt the previously validated pinpoint landing and recovery of the first stage, opting instead for a soft landing in the Gulf of Mexico [4]