Group 1 - The introduction of international emissions trading at COP3 in 1997 aimed to help countries meet their emission reduction commitments through the purchase of carbon credits [1] - The carbon market is divided into mandatory and voluntary types, with Europe leading the establishment of emissions trading systems, followed by countries like China, South Korea, Japan, and Australia [1][3] - The lack of a unified international standard has hindered the establishment of a robust market, with the Paris Agreement's Article 6 still facing challenges in implementation due to verification method issues [1][8] Group 2 - The UN approved the "Paris Agreement Carbon Credit Mechanism" (PACM) in May 2025, providing guidance for evaluating the effectiveness of emission reduction projects [1] - The new standards include a baseline standard to estimate potential emissions without the mechanism and a leakage standard to account for unintended emissions increases [1][15] - The establishment of the "Development Carbon Market Alliance" by Singapore, Kenya, and the UK signifies a government-led initiative to advance carbon markets [2] Group 3 - Carbon markets help achieve emission reduction goals at lower costs, enhancing economic efficiency and promoting energy conservation awareness [3] - Major carbon markets include the EU carbon market and China's national carbon market, with the EU market being a mature example using an absolute cap-and-trade model [3][4] - China's carbon market, launched in July 2021, covers approximately 5.1 billion tons of CO2 emissions and includes 2,257 key emitting units [4] Group 4 - The Kyoto Protocol established the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) in 2005, allowing developed countries to obtain certified emission reductions (CERs) through projects in developing countries [5] - The carbon market's core function is to create a carbon price signal that guides emission reduction actions, with the expectation that carbon prices will rise as emission caps tighten [5][6] Group 5 - The EU carbon market has seen a significant price increase, with expectations that prices will exceed €120 per ton by 2030 and €400 by 2040, reflecting the costs of advanced reduction measures [6] - The demand for carbon markets from countries is driven by the need to achieve climate goals cost-effectively, with different mechanisms in place across regions [6][7] Group 6 - The establishment of national carbon markets is crucial for countries to meet their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement [7][9] - The EU's carbon market has undergone structural reforms to recover carbon prices after a prolonged period of low prices due to oversupply [7][9] Group 7 - The challenges in creating a global carbon market include historical issues with previous mechanisms and differing national interests between developed and developing countries [9][11] - The complexity of mechanism design and the need for clarity in methodologies and standards are significant barriers to establishing a unified global carbon market [9][10] Group 8 - The implementation of new standards aims to enhance the quality of carbon credits and ensure the authenticity of emission reductions, promoting high-quality development in global carbon markets [15][16] - Future directions include improving verification processes, enhancing international cooperation, and integrating carbon markets with global climate actions [15][17] Group 9 - China's transition from a seller to a buyer in the international carbon market poses challenges in aligning domestic mechanisms with international standards [19][20] - The national carbon market's tightening control over emissions will support China's dual carbon goals while balancing domestic and international climate trade requirements [20][21]

Core Viewpoint - The UK government is enhancing support for businesses and organizations to participate in carbon credit trading as part of its initiative to establish the UK as a global green finance center [1][2]. Group 1: Government Initiatives - The UK government has launched a plan to strengthen voluntary carbon markets and natural markets, allowing companies to invest in environmental projects to reduce their emissions [1]. - The plan aims to mobilize funds necessary to address climate emergencies and diversify income sources for UK businesses [1]. Group 2: Market Potential and Economic Opportunities - The current carbon and natural markets have not fully realized their potential, with businesses calling for clearer regulations [2]. - A global framework is being established to enhance trust in carbon and natural credit trading, which will include principles for using environmentally beneficial carbon credits [2]. - The carbon market is projected to reach a value of $250 billion by 2050, while the natural market could be valued at $69 billion, providing UK businesses with new economic opportunities [2]. Group 3: Investment and Growth in Clean Energy - The UK clean energy sector has attracted £43.7 billion in private investment since July, indicating significant growth potential [2]. - The net-zero economy in the UK is growing three times faster than the overall economy, with employment in this sector increasing by over 10% [2]. Group 4: Consultation and Integrity Principles - A consultation document will be open for 12 weeks to gather feedback from industry organizations and the public on six integrity principles related to carbon credit trading [3]. - These principles include ensuring carbon credits meet high integrity standards, measuring and disclosing credit usage in sustainability reports, and aligning credit use with broader transformation plans consistent with the Paris Agreement [3].