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Group 1 - Neuralink announced a clinical trial in the UK to test its brain chip for helping severely paralyzed patients control digital and physical devices through thought [2] - The company raised $650 million in its latest funding round in June and has implanted chips in five severely paralyzed patients in the US [2] - The first patient to receive the brain chip, Nolan Abbott, who was paralyzed for eight years, can now control a computer cursor by imagining moving his fingers [2] Group 2 - Neuralink's device Blindsight allowed a monkey to "see" non-existent objects by stimulating the brain's visual areas, aiming to help blind individuals regain sight [3] - Elon Musk stated that achieving medical goals with brain-machine interfaces is a transitional phase, with the ultimate goal being to enhance communication speed for all [3] - Musk predicted that digital superintelligence, which surpasses human intelligence, could emerge within 5 to 6 years, although the development of AI may be hindered by microchip supply bottlenecks [3]

Core Viewpoint - Gabe Newell, co-founder and CEO of Valve, has initiated a new venture, Starfish Neuroscience, focusing on brain-computer interface technology, aiming to develop a custom electrophysiological chip for recording and stimulating brain activity [1][2]. Group 1: Company Overview - Starfish Neuroscience was founded by Gabe Newell after he abandoned the idea of integrating brain-machine interfaces into gaming [1]. - The company plans to produce its first brain chip by the end of 2025 and is seeking partners for development [2]. Group 2: Technology Specifications - The chip is designed to be smaller and less invasive than competitors, with the ability to access multiple brain regions simultaneously without the need for a battery [3]. - Current specifications include a power consumption of 1.1 milliwatts during normal recording, a size of 2 x 4 mm, and the capability to record and stimulate using 32 electrode sites [3]. Group 3: Future Applications - Starfish aims to address neurological disorders by connecting multiple brain areas, which is crucial for conditions like Parkinson's disease [3]. - The company is also developing a precision thermal therapy device for tumor destruction and a brain-reading, robot-guided transcranial magnetic stimulation system for treating mood disorders [4].