Core Insights - The report by iGDP and the Guangzhou Institute of Energy Research outlines the pathways for Guangdong's low-carbon transition, emphasizing the province's potential to achieve its "dual carbon" goals on time or even ahead of schedule [1][2] Group 1: Current Status and Challenges - Guangdong, as a leading economic province, has significant energy consumption and carbon emissions, with CO2 emissions reaching 560 million tons in 2022, accounting for about 5% of the national total [2] - The province's non-CO2 greenhouse gas emissions were notable, with 13% of total greenhouse gas emissions in 2020 coming from methane, nitrous oxide, and fluorinated gases [2] - Guangdong's electricity demand is the highest in the country, with a peak load of 165 million kilowatts since July 2025, and about one-third of its electricity comes from external sources, indicating a low green electricity self-sufficiency rate [2] Group 2: Advantages for Transition - Guangdong has a relatively low-carbon industrial structure and advanced industrial energy efficiency, maintaining the second-lowest energy consumption per GDP in the country [3] - The province has experienced steady economic growth since 2005, with a decoupling trend between economic growth and emissions, laying a foundation for low-carbon transition [3] Group 3: Energy Consumption and Emission Projections - The report predicts that under current policies, Guangdong's CO2 emissions could peak at approximately 670 million tons by 2030, necessitating an increase in non-fossil energy generation to about 40% [4] - In a dual carbon scenario, the share of non-fossil energy in primary energy consumption is expected to rise from around 28% in 2020 to 36% by 2030, and further to over 74% by 2060 [4] - The electrification rate in various sectors is projected to increase significantly, with industrial electrification expected to rise from 39% in 2020 to 54% by 2030, and transportation electrification from 1% to 20% by 2060 [4] Group 4: Key Transition Strategies - The successful transition of the power sector is crucial for achieving Guangdong's dual carbon goals, with non-fossil power generation expected to surpass coal power around 2030 [5] - By 2060, renewable energy is projected to account for about 30% of total generation, with non-fossil sources making up 75%, while coal and gas plants will be equipped with carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies [5] Group 5: Key Periods for Transition - The report identifies two critical periods for achieving the dual carbon goals, with specific tasks outlined for each period [6] - From now until 2030, Guangdong should focus on developing offshore wind and distributed solar power, enhancing green electricity self-sufficiency, and promoting energy efficiency in buildings and transportation [7] - From 2030 to 2060, the focus should shift to hydrogen energy substitution, controlling fluorinated gases, and implementing CCUS technologies, which could contribute 42% to emission reductions [7]

建议将煤电系统作为新型能源体系的重要基础设施，通过发展新技术和推动体制改革，探索适合中国的 煤电转型路径。 煤电一直以来都是中国能源体系中的重要组成部分，在建设新型能源体系时，建议将煤电作为新型能源 体系的重要基础设施，正确认识煤电的重要性，以支持新能源快速发展。 煤电系统作为新型能源体系重要基础设施的必要性 当前，以风电光伏为主的可再生能源发展是新型能源体系建设的重点。新能源虽然具有清洁低排放优 势，但如风电光伏等清洁发电方式也存在不稳定问题。由于受天气影响较大，风电光伏发电方式在不同 季节乃至一天中的不同时刻都有较大的出力波动。近年来风电光伏增长迅速，装机量一直以两位数的增 速快速上升，发电量占比也有显著增加，储能发展虽然有一定贡献，但更多的还是煤电系统支撑了风电 光伏的快速增长，在保障电力供给的同时对冲了风电光伏的不稳定风险，为可再生能源快速发展保驾护 航。 煤电一直都是中国能源系统中的供电主力。中国拥有世界上最大最先进的煤电系统，且全国煤电机组平 均寿命仅12年左右，与40年左右的设计寿命相比还非常年轻。煤电发电小时数在本世纪初接近设计标准 的5500小时左右，近年来逐渐下降，2024年下降到4200 ...

数字化优化决策：马来西亚国家石油公司与斯伦贝谢合作的人工智能油田开发优化系统，以及ADNOC 的井场数字化改造，通过数据驱动的实时决策缩短响应周期，将环境不确定性转化为运营效率优势。 金融工具对冲风险：埃克森美孚通过股票回购传递现金流稳健信号，期货对冲平滑利润波动，在投行下 调目标股价的背景下维持市场信心。这体现了企业利用金融工具构建"财务缓冲带"的软实力。 能源公司通过"技术-资本-产业链"三维整合强化资源控制力： 从壳牌LNG全产业链布局到埃克森美孚CCS技术卡位，巨头们正通过软实力构建行业话语权，在油价波 动与能源变革中重塑规则。邓正红指出，"能源企业的未来竞争将不仅是资源储量硬实力的比拼，更是 软实力框架下战略敏捷性、技术协同度与生态整合力的全方位较量。"基于邓正红软实力思想视角，从 趋势适应力、市场应变力、资源整合力、战略前瞻力四大维度展开分析，揭示能源企业在复杂市场环境 中如何通过软实力构建行业主动权和话语权。 国际能源巨头的战略调整体现了其通过价值主张重构强化能源韧性的努力。例如，壳牌将LNG业务作 为核心，通过锁定长期供应协议、拓展新兴市场（如印度、东南亚）、收购关键资产（兰亭能源），构 建覆 ...