Core Insights - The global etching machine market is experiencing growth, with a market size of approximately $14.82 billion in 2023, representing a year-on-year increase of 5.93%. The market is projected to reach $15.65 billion in 2024 and $16.48 billion in 2025 [3][23][20]. Etching Machine Industry Definition and Classification - Etching machines are essential tools in semiconductor manufacturing, utilizing chemical reactants and physical energy to remove material from surfaces to create fine structures. They are primarily classified into wet etching machines and dry etching machines, with wet etching further divided into chemical and electrochemical etching, and dry etching into ion milling, plasma etching, and reactive ion etching [20][23]. Current Development Status of the Etching Machine Industry - The etching machine industry is crucial for manufacturing semiconductor devices, photovoltaic cells, and micro-mechanical systems. The market has shown a consistent upward trend in recent years, with significant growth expected in the coming years [3][23]. Etching Machine Industry Supply Chain - The supply chain for the etching machine industry consists of upstream components such as pre-vacuum chambers, etching chambers, gas supply systems, and vacuum systems. The midstream involves the manufacturing and system integration of etching machines, while the downstream applications include micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), advanced packaging, and nanotechnology in semiconductor, optical, and electronic industries [5][25]. Development Environment and Relevant Policies - The etching machine industry is supported by various government policies aimed at enhancing the semiconductor manufacturing sector. Recent policies include initiatives to promote the development of high-end semiconductor manufacturing materials and equipment, as well as plans to strengthen the domestic semiconductor supply chain [7][27]. Industry Barriers - The etching machine industry has high entry barriers, primarily due to technological complexity, significant capital requirements, and the need for customer recognition. These barriers make it challenging for new entrants to compete effectively [11][31]. Competitive Landscape of the Etching Machine Industry - The etching machine market is characterized by high concentration and intense competition. Major global players include Lam Research, TEL, and AMAT, which dominate the market with advanced technologies and extensive product lines. Domestic companies such as Northern Huachuang, Zhongwei Company, and Yitang Semiconductor are emerging as leaders in the industry, leveraging their R&D capabilities [11][31][34].

Core Viewpoint - Yitang Co., Ltd. indicated that if there are any future share repurchase plans, the company will fulfill its information disclosure obligations in accordance with the rules of the Sci-Tech Innovation Board [2] Group 1 - The company responded to investor inquiries on its interactive platform [2] - The company is committed to transparency regarding any potential share repurchase plans [2]

Group 1 - Northern Huachuang is a leading domestic semiconductor equipment manufacturer, covering core process equipment such as etching machines, thin film deposition equipment, and cleaning machines, which are essential for memory chip manufacturing [1] - The company is expected to benefit from the growth in equipment orders driven by the expansion and technological upgrades of domestic memory manufacturers during the memory chip price increase cycle [1] - Northern Huachuang has made breakthroughs in advanced process equipment for 3D NAND and HBM, establishing a core competitive advantage in the global memory equipment market [1] Group 2 - Hua Hong Semiconductor is a leading domestic specialty process manufacturer with mature memory chip foundry capabilities, focusing on NOR Flash, eMMC, and SPI NAND [2] - The company is expected to benefit from the rising demand for memory chip foundry services as domestic memory manufacturers expand production [2] - Hua Hong's layout in automotive-grade memory chip foundry will further enhance its resilience against economic cycles [2] Group 3 - Zhongwei Company is a core supplier of etching equipment, with its 5nm etching machine already integrated into the supply chain of memory manufacturers [3] - The demand for high-end equipment is expected to grow due to the trend of upgrading memory chips to advanced processes like 3D NAND and HBM [3] - Zhongwei's layout in thin film deposition equipment enhances its service capabilities for memory manufacturers [3] Group 4 - Lanke Technology is a global leader in memory interface chips, with its products widely used in servers and PCs, holding a leading share in the DDR5 interface chip market [4] - The demand for DDR5 interface chips is expected to surge due to the explosion in AI server and high-end PC demand during the memory chip price increase cycle [4] - Lanke's breakthroughs in HBM interface chips will further open up growth opportunities [4] Group 5 - GigaDevice is a leading domestic memory chip design company, focusing on NOR Flash while also expanding into NAND Flash and DRAM [5] - The company is expected to benefit from the price increase of NOR Flash products driven by the recovery of consumer electronics and AI terminal demand [5] - GigaDevice's layout in automotive-grade memory chips will further expand its downstream application space [5] Group 6 - Shengyi Technology is a leading domestic copper-clad laminate manufacturer, with its products being core raw materials for memory chip packaging [6][7] - The growth in demand for copper-clad laminates is expected to be driven by the expansion of memory manufacturers and the increase in packaging needs during the memory chip price increase cycle [6][7] - Shengyi's breakthroughs in high-frequency and high-speed copper-clad laminates will adapt to the upgrade demands of memory chips [6][7] Group 7 - Shenzhen South Circuit is a leading domestic PCB manufacturer, with its high-end PCB products being core carriers for storage servers and modules [8] - The demand for high-end PCBs is expected to grow due to the explosion in AI server demand and the expansion of memory manufacturers during the memory chip price increase cycle [8] - Shenzhen South Circuit's layout in storage packaging substrates further enhances its position in the memory industry chain [8] Group 8 - Jiangbolong is a leading domestic storage module manufacturer, focusing on the development and manufacturing of storage modules for various applications [9] - The company is expected to benefit from the recovery in consumer electronics and the explosion of AI terminal demand during the memory chip price increase cycle [9] - Jiangbolong's layout in automotive-grade storage modules will further open up downstream application spaces [9] Group 9 - Xi'an Yicai is a core enterprise in semiconductor materials, focusing on silicon-based materials essential for memory chip manufacturing [10] - The demand for silicon-based materials is expected to grow due to the expansion and technological upgrades of memory manufacturers during the memory chip price increase cycle [10] - Xi'an Yicai's breakthroughs in 300mm large silicon wafers will adapt to the advanced process needs of domestic storage [10] Group 10 - Tuojing Technology is a leading domestic thin film deposition equipment manufacturer, with its PECVD and ALD equipment being core process equipment for memory chip manufacturing [11] - The demand for equipment orders is expected to grow due to the expansion of memory manufacturers and the upgrade of 3D NAND technology during the memory chip price increase cycle [11] - Tuojing's layout in HBM-related equipment will further adapt to the upgrade demands driven by AI [11] Group 11 - Maiwei Co. is a core domestic semiconductor equipment enterprise, with its equipment already integrated into the supply chain of leading domestic memory manufacturers [12] - The growth in equipment orders is expected to be driven by the expansion of memory manufacturers and the increase in advanced packaging demand during the memory chip price increase cycle [12] - Maiwei's breakthroughs in HBM packaging equipment will adapt to the upgrade demands driven by AI [12] Group 12 - Shengmei Shanghai is a leading domestic semiconductor cleaning equipment manufacturer, with its single-wafer cleaning equipment integrated into the supply chain of leading memory manufacturers [13] - The demand for cleaning equipment is expected to grow due to the expansion of memory manufacturers and the upgrade of advanced processes during the memory chip price increase cycle [13] - Shengmei's breakthroughs in 3D NAND cleaning technology will adapt to the technical iteration needs of memory chips [13] Group 13 - Changdian Technology is a leading domestic packaging and testing enterprise, covering the packaging and testing of various memory chip types [14] - The growth in packaging orders is expected to be driven by the price increase of memory chips during the memory chip price increase cycle [14] - Changdian's breakthroughs in advanced packaging will adapt to the needs of high-end memory chips [14] Group 14 - Changchuan Technology is a leading domestic semiconductor testing equipment manufacturer, with its testing equipment covering memory and logic chips [15] - The demand for testing equipment is expected to grow due to the expansion of memory manufacturers and the upgrade of advanced processes during the memory chip price increase cycle [15] - Changchuan's breakthroughs in DDR5 and HBM testing technologies will adapt to the upgrade demands driven by AI [15] Group 15 - Baiwei Storage is a leading domestic storage chip design and module manufacturer, focusing on various storage modules for different applications [16] - The company is expected to benefit from the recovery in consumer electronics and the explosion of AI terminal demand during the memory chip price increase cycle [16] - Baiwei's layout in automotive-grade storage will further open up downstream application spaces [16] Group 16 - China Resources Microelectronics is a leading domestic power semiconductor and storage chip manufacturer, focusing on NOR Flash and eMMC [17] - The company is expected to benefit from the recovery in consumer electronics and industrial control demand during the memory chip price increase cycle [17] - China Resources' layout in automotive-grade storage chips will enhance its resilience against economic cycles [17] Group 17 - Tongfu Microelectronics is a core domestic packaging enterprise, covering the packaging of various memory chip types [18] - The growth in packaging orders is expected to be driven by the price increase of memory chips during the memory chip price increase cycle [18] - Tongfu's breakthroughs in advanced packaging will adapt to the needs of high-end memory chips [18] Group 18 - Yitang Co. is a core domestic semiconductor equipment enterprise, focusing on thin film deposition and rapid thermal processing equipment [19] - The demand for equipment orders is expected to grow due to the expansion of memory manufacturers and the upgrade of advanced processes during the memory chip price increase cycle [19] - Yitang's breakthroughs in 3D NAND-related equipment will adapt to the technical iteration needs of memory chips [19] Group 19 - Jingsheng Mechanical and Electrical is a leading domestic semiconductor silicon wafer equipment manufacturer, with its equipment integrated into the supply chain of leading memory manufacturers [20] - The demand for equipment orders is expected to grow due to the expansion of memory manufacturers and the increase in silicon wafer demand during the memory chip price increase cycle [20] - Jingsheng's breakthroughs in 300mm large silicon wafer equipment will adapt to the advanced process needs of domestic storage [20] Group 20 - Xichuang Data is a leading domestic storage module and smart terminal manufacturer, focusing on various storage modules for different applications [21] - The company is expected to benefit from the recovery in consumer electronics and the explosion of AI terminal demand during the memory chip price increase cycle [21] - Xichuang's layout in automotive-grade storage will further open up downstream application spaces [21] Group 21 - Shannon Chip is a leading domestic storage chip distribution and solution provider, focusing on distribution and technical services for storage chips [22] - The growth in distribution revenue is expected to be driven by the price increase of memory chips during the memory chip price increase cycle [22] - Shannon's layout in storage module solutions will enhance customer stickiness [22] Group 22 - Hushi Silicon Industry is a leading domestic semiconductor silicon wafer manufacturer, covering various specifications essential for memory chip manufacturing [23] - The demand for silicon wafers is expected to grow due to the expansion and technological upgrades of memory manufacturers during the memory chip price increase cycle [23] - Hushi's breakthroughs in 300mm large silicon wafers will adapt to the advanced process needs of domestic storage [23] Group 23 - Unisoc is a leading domestic security chip and storage chip manufacturer, focusing on eMMC and UFS [24] - The company is expected to benefit from the recovery in consumer electronics and the growth in security storage demand during the memory chip price increase cycle [24] - Unisoc's layout in automotive-grade storage chips will enhance its resilience against economic cycles [24] Group 24 - Fudan Microelectronics is a leading domestic FPGA and storage chip manufacturer, covering various storage chip types [25] - The growth in demand for storage products is expected to be driven by the increase in industrial control demand and the acceleration of domestic substitution during the memory chip price increase cycle [25] - Fudan's layout in automotive-grade storage chips will further open up downstream application spaces [25] Group 25 - Zhongke Feicai is a leading domestic semiconductor testing equipment manufacturer, covering testing equipment for memory and logic chips [26] - The demand for testing equipment is expected to grow due to the expansion of memory manufacturers and the upgrade of advanced processes during the memory chip price increase cycle [26] - Zhongke's breakthroughs in 3D NAND testing technology will adapt to the technical iteration needs of memory chips [26] Group 26 - Huahai Qingke is a leading domestic chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) equipment manufacturer, with its CMP equipment integrated into the supply chain of leading memory manufacturers [27] - The demand for CMP equipment is expected to grow due to the expansion of memory manufacturers and the upgrade of advanced processes during the memory chip price increase cycle [27] - Huahai's breakthroughs in 3D NAND polishing technology will adapt to the technical iteration needs of memory chips [27]

Core Viewpoint - The global etching machine market is experiencing growth, with a projected market size of approximately $14.82 billion in 2023, a year-on-year increase of 5.93%, and expected to reach $16.48 billion by 2025 [1][2]. Group 1: Industry Definition and Classification - Etching machines are essential tools in semiconductor manufacturing, combining chemical reactants and physical energy to remove material from surfaces to create microstructures [2]. - The etching machines are categorized into wet etching machines (chemical and electrochemical) and dry etching machines (ion milling, plasma etching, and reactive ion etching) [2]. Group 2: Industry Development Status - The etching machine market is primarily used for manufacturing semiconductor devices, photovoltaic cells, and micro-mechanical systems, showing a consistent growth trend [2][3]. - The market size is projected to be approximately $15.65 billion in 2024 and $16.48 billion in 2025 [1][2]. Group 3: Industry Chain - The upstream of the etching machine industry includes semiconductor materials and components such as pre-vacuum chambers, etching chambers, gas supply systems, and vacuum systems [3]. - The midstream involves the manufacturing and system integration of etching machines, while the downstream applications include micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), advanced packaging, and nanotechnology in semiconductor, optical, and electronic industries [3]. Group 4: Industry Development Environment - Related Policies - The government places significant emphasis on the development of the etching machine industry, implementing various supportive policies to enhance its growth [4]. Group 5: Industry Barriers - The etching machine industry has high entry barriers, primarily due to technological, financial, and customer recognition challenges [5]. Group 6: Industry Competitive Landscape - The etching machine market is characterized by high concentration and intense competition, dominated by international companies such as Lam Research, TEL, and AMAT [6]. - Domestic companies like North Huachuang, Zhongwei Company, and Yitang Semiconductor are emerging as leaders in the etching machine sector, leveraging their R&D and innovation capabilities [6][8]. Group 7: Industry Development Trends - As a core process in semiconductor manufacturing, etching technology is crucial for transferring patterns onto wafer surfaces, with the market evolving towards platform-based and atomic-level manufacturing [9]. - The Chinese etching machine industry is experiencing explosive growth, supported by national policies, and is diversifying and making significant progress in various segments [9].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the news is that Yitang Co., Ltd. has shown positive financial performance and trading activity, with significant increases in revenue and net profit year-on-year [2] - On January 21, Yitang Co., Ltd. experienced a stock price increase of 0.98%, with a trading volume of 420 million yuan, and a net financing purchase of 14.37 million yuan [1] - As of January 21, the total balance of margin trading for Yitang Co., Ltd. reached 508 million yuan, accounting for 8.47% of its market capitalization [1] Group 2 - As of September 30, the number of shareholders for Yitang Co., Ltd. decreased to 40,700, a reduction of 68.63% compared to the previous period [2] - The average number of circulating shares per shareholder increased to 4,903 shares, which is an increase of 218.74% from the previous period [2] - For the period from January to September 2025, Yitang Co., Ltd. achieved an operating income of 3.796 billion yuan, representing a year-on-year growth of 14.01%, and a net profit attributable to shareholders of 516 million yuan, reflecting a year-on-year increase of 22.73% [2]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the news is that Yitang Co., Ltd. experienced a decline in stock price and trading volume on January 19, with a net financing purchase of 8.09 million yuan [1] - On January 19, Yitang Co., Ltd. had a financing balance of 496 million yuan, accounting for 8.34% of its circulating market value [1] - The company specializes in the research, production, and sales of wafer processing equipment required for integrated circuit manufacturing, with a revenue composition of 77.21% from equipment sales, 20.28% from spare parts sales, 2.49% from service income, and 0.02% from licensing fees [1] Group 2 - As of September 30, the number of shareholders of Yitang Co., Ltd. was 40,700, a decrease of 68.63% compared to the previous period [2] - For the period from January to September 2025, Yitang Co., Ltd. achieved an operating income of 3.796 billion yuan, representing a year-on-year growth of 14.01%, and a net profit attributable to shareholders of 516 million yuan, with a year-on-year increase of 22.73% [2]

Group 1 - SMIC (688981) is the largest and most advanced wafer foundry in mainland China, mastering 14nm FinFET technology and maintaining the highest capacity in 28nm mature process domestically, providing foundry services for storage chips [1][40] - The company has received multiple rounds of funding from the National Integrated Circuit Industry Investment Fund, playing a key role in breaking overseas dependence in the domestic storage chip manufacturing sector [1][41] - SMIC also participates in setting multiple industry standards in the domestic semiconductor manufacturing field, consolidating its core voice in the industry chain [1][41] Group 2 - North Huachuang (002371) is a leading semiconductor equipment company in Beijing, providing a full range of equipment for storage chip manufacturing, including etching machines and cleaning machines [2][40] - The company has successfully entered the supply chains of domestic storage manufacturers like Yangtze Memory Technologies and Changxin Memory Technologies, breaking the monopoly of foreign manufacturers [2][41] - With the accelerated expansion of domestic storage chip capacity, North Huachuang's equipment orders continue to grow, and it is establishing new production bases in Tianjin and Yixing [2][41] Group 3 - Hua Hong Semiconductor (688347) focuses on specialty process wafer foundry and is a key player in the domestic storage chip sector, specializing in mature processes like 90nm and 55nm [3][40] - The company provides stable foundry services for domestic storage chip design companies and is expanding its specialty process production lines with support from the National Integrated Circuit Industry Investment Fund [3][41] - Hua Hong has also achieved IATF16949 certification for automotive-grade storage chip processes, enhancing its capabilities in the automotive sector [3][41] Group 4 - Zhongwei (688012) is a global leader in semiconductor etching equipment, with its 5nm etching equipment already in commercial application [4][40] - The company has entered the supply chains of major domestic storage manufacturers and has also penetrated the supply chains of international giants like TSMC and Micron [4][41] - Zhongwei's R&D team comprises over 70% of its workforce, and it holds more than a thousand patents, continuously increasing its market share in the etching equipment sector [4][41] Group 5 - Zhaoyi Innovation (603986) is a leading domestic NOR Flash company, ranking among the top three globally, and is one of the few domestic companies involved in DRAM chip design [5][40] - The company has achieved mass production of 19nm DRAM chips, filling a technology gap in the domestic market, and has established deep cooperation with Changxin Memory Technologies [5][41] - Zhaoyi Innovation has received support from the National Integrated Circuit Industry Investment Fund, focusing its R&D investments on high-end storage chips [5][41] Group 6 - Shengyi Technology (600183) is a leading domestic copper-clad laminate manufacturer, playing a crucial role in the localization of basic materials for the storage chip industry [6][40] - The company has entered the supply chains of major domestic storage packaging companies and provides raw materials to international giants like Samsung and SK Hynix [6][41] - Shengyi is expanding its production capacity in Shaanxi and Jiangsu, with its performance steadily growing alongside the increasing demand for domestic storage chips [6][41] Group 7 - Lanke Technology (688008) is a global leader in memory interface chips, with a market share exceeding 40% for DDR4/DDR5 memory interface chips [7][40] - The company has developed solutions for DDR5 memory interfaces in collaboration with Changxin Memory Technologies, promoting the commercialization of domestic storage modules [7][41] - Lanke's R&D investments focus on cutting-edge fields, extending its product layout into storage control chips [7][41] Group 8 - Shennan Circuits (002916) is a leading domestic printed circuit board manufacturer, focusing on high-end PCB and packaging substrate manufacturing [8][40] - The company has developed storage packaging substrates that meet high reliability and density requirements, entering the supply chains of major domestic storage manufacturers [8][41] - Shennan is also expanding its high-end packaging substrate production lines in Wuxi to further meet the needs of the storage industry [8][41] Group 9 - Jiangbolong (301308) is a leading domestic storage module company, focusing on promoting the application of domestic storage chips in various fields [9][40] - The company has established deep cooperation with domestic storage chip manufacturers and has launched products equipped with domestic storage chips [9][41] - Jiangbolong has acquired the global storage brand Lexar to leverage its overseas channels, increasing its international market presence [9][41] Group 10 - Xian Yicai-U (688783) is a key player in the domestic silicon wafer sector, focusing on the production of 12-inch polished wafers and epitaxial wafers [10][40] - The company has achieved mass production of 12-inch wafers, breaking the monopoly of foreign manufacturers [10][41] - Xian Yicai has received multiple rounds of investment from the National Integrated Circuit Industry Investment Fund, continuously releasing production capacity [10][41] Group 11 - Tuo Jing Technology (688072) is a leading domestic thin film deposition equipment manufacturer, with a market share exceeding 60% for PECVD equipment in domestic storage chip manufacturing [11][40] - The company has entered the supply chains of major domestic storage manufacturers and has also supplied equipment to overseas storage companies [11][41] - Tuo Jing's R&D investment exceeds 30%, continuously launching new equipment suitable for advanced 3D NAND processes [11][41] Group 12 - Shengmei Shanghai (688082) is a leading domestic semiconductor cleaning equipment manufacturer, developing advanced cleaning technologies for storage chip manufacturing [12][40] - The company has entered the supply chains of major domestic storage manufacturers and has also penetrated the supply chains of international giants [12][41] - Shengmei is building a new production base in Shanghai to further meet the equipment needs of storage chip manufacturers [12][41] Group 13 - Huarun Micro (688396) is a leading domestic power semiconductor company, providing packaging and testing services for storage chips [13][40] - The company has expanded its production lines for power semiconductors and storage packaging in Chongqing, enhancing its capabilities in the storage sector [13][41] - Huarun Micro's industrial-grade storage chips have achieved AEC-Q100 certification, enabling them to enter the automotive electronics market [13][41] Group 14 - Changchuan Technology (300604) is a leading domestic semiconductor testing equipment manufacturer, focusing on testing equipment for storage chips [14][40] - The company has entered the supply chains of major domestic storage manufacturers and has received investment from the National Integrated Circuit Industry Investment Fund [14][41] - Changchuan has acquired Singapore's STI company to enhance its competitiveness in the storage testing field [14][41] Group 15 - Changdian Technology (600584) is a global leader in semiconductor packaging and testing, providing high-end packaging services for domestic storage chip design companies [15][40] - The company has established R&D centers in Singapore and South Korea, taking on packaging orders from international giants [15][41] - Changdian has received support from the National Integrated Circuit Industry Investment Fund, continuously expanding its advanced packaging capacity [15][41]

Group 1 - TSMC's strong Q4 earnings report exceeded expectations, leading to a historic high in its stock price, which positively influenced semiconductor stocks in the A-share market [1] - TSMC's CEO and CFO announced a capital expenditure plan for 2026 that could reach $56 billion, a significant increase of 37% from the actual spending of $40.9 billion in 2025, marking the highest in the company's history [1] Group 2 - Notable stock performances in the semiconductor sector included Tianyue Advanced rising over 12%, Hengkun New Materials and Xingchen Technology both increasing over 8%, and several other companies like Shanghai Hejing and Yitang shares rising over 6% [2] - The year-to-date performance of these stocks shows significant gains, with Hengkun New Materials up 45.28% and Tianyue Advanced up 17.32% [2]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the news is that Yitang Co., Ltd. has seen a significant increase in stock price, with a rise of 5.07% to 25.72 CNY per share, and a total market capitalization of 76.017 billion CNY [1] - Yitang Co., Ltd. specializes in the research, production, and sales of wafer processing equipment necessary for integrated circuit manufacturing, providing solutions including dry stripping equipment, rapid thermal processing equipment, and dry etching equipment [1] - The company's main business revenue composition includes 77.21% from sales of specialized equipment, 20.28% from sales of spare parts, 2.49% from service income, and 0.02% from licensing fees [1] Group 2 - According to data, one fund from the Fortune Fund family holds a significant position in Yitang Co., Ltd., specifically the Fortune SSE STAR 50 ETF Linked A (023055), which has 808 shares, accounting for 0.01% of the fund's net value [2] - The latest scale of the Fortune SSE STAR 50 ETF Linked A is 33.2785 million CNY, with a return of 23.34% since its inception [2] - The fund manager, Jin Zeyu, has been in position for 3 years and 164 days, with the fund's total asset scale at 17.865 billion CNY, achieving a best return of 72.64% and a worst return of 5.69% during his tenure [3]

Group 1 - The U.S. President Trump threatened the acting President of Venezuela, Rodriguez, stating that if she does not act correctly, she may face a heavier price than President Maduro [1] - The Danish Prime Minister urged the U.S. to stop threatening to annex Greenland, asserting that such discussions are meaningless [1] Group 2 - The Chinese automotive exports to Venezuela increased by 130% in the first 11 months of 2025, with passenger car exports rising by 166% and truck exports by 99% [6] - The U.S. government has requested American oil companies to invest heavily in Venezuela to restore its oil extraction infrastructure, indicating a push for revitalization of the oil industry [9] Group 3 - The Ministry of Education in China announced plans to establish 15 new undergraduate higher education institutions [4] - The Ministry of Finance in China stated that the issuance of ultra-long-term general government bonds will start on January 14, 2026 [5] Group 4 - The Shanghai government released a plan with 26 measures to optimize the business environment, focusing on efficient government services and fair market competition [7] - The global protests against U.S. military intervention in Venezuela occurred in various countries, condemning U.S. actions and interventionism [8]