谈沂鑫 东吴证券机械分析师: 各位领导晚上好，我是东吴机械的谭艺馨。今天和各位领导更新一下太空光伏深度，然后 再深度梳理一下各环节的一个推荐标的。最近整个太空光伏板块，它的催化还是非常多的 马斯克在这个达沃斯论坛上，明确了 SpaceX 和特斯拉会在 3 年内分别建设 100 吉瓦的 太空，还有地面的这个光伏产能。然后最近特斯拉和 SpaceX 的团队，也在国内的各大设 设备商进行了技术交流。然后订单，近期是有望加速落地的。然后在今，就在今天，马斯 克这边也是公布了 SpaceX 他会将收购这个 XAI 的这个 AI 公司。 形成它这个太空和 AI 算力的一个联动。所以我们认为，在 6 月 SpaceX 上市前，其实市 场的这个催化会一直不断。然后我们也是持续看好太空光伏设备这个板块的标的这样一个 可持续性。下面我们就汇报下报告，然后最后在报告的后面，我们再跟各位领导深深度的 梳理一下。每一个环节的这个标的。对于光伏设备来说，其实你真正要放量，还是要看太 空算力。因为你平时的这些通信或者传感的卫星，你的用量对于光伏的用量是没有那么大 的。所以我们这个报告也是围绕着太空算率去展开。 太空数据中心其实也很好理解， ...

Group 1 - Company Sunlight Power (300274) is a leading domestic enterprise in photovoltaic inverters, covering the entire industry chain including energy storage systems and photovoltaic power station development [1][43] - The company has strong technical capabilities in power electronics and system integration, with products suitable for various applications including residential, commercial, and large-scale ground power stations [1][43] - In the space photovoltaic and computing power sector, Sunlight Power's technology can be adapted for space applications, providing stable power support for space computing centers [1][43][44] Group 2 - Longi Green Energy (601012) is a leading domestic photovoltaic company focusing on the research and production of monocrystalline silicon rods and wafers, with a complete vertical integration in the industry chain [2][45] - The company excels in new generation high-efficiency battery technologies such as N-type TOPCon and HJT, with significant cost control and technical advantages [2][45] - Longi's ultra-thin silicon wafer technology meets the stringent requirements for space photovoltaic components, enabling reduced weight and improved energy efficiency for space computing centers [2][45] Group 3 - Tongwei Co., Ltd. (600438) is a dual leader in photovoltaic silicon materials and battery production, with a strong focus on high-purity crystalline silicon and photovoltaic battery manufacturing [3][46] - The company has a high market share in high-purity silicon production and is well-positioned to meet the rigorous standards required for space photovoltaic components [3][46] - Tongwei's efficient battery technology can enhance power generation in space photovoltaic applications, positioning the company as a key supplier in the space photovoltaic supply chain [3][46] Group 4 - Deye Technology (605117) is a quality enterprise with core businesses in dehumidification equipment and photovoltaic energy storage systems, excelling in household and commercial energy storage solutions [4][43] - The company's energy storage technology is crucial for providing stable energy supply in space photovoltaic applications, addressing intermittent power generation issues [4][43][44] - Deye's experience in developing equipment for extreme environments positions it well to adapt products for space applications [4][43] Group 5 - Jingcheng Machinery (300316) is a leading domestic enterprise in photovoltaic crystal growth equipment, focusing on high-end equipment for photovoltaic manufacturing [5][6] - The company's technology supports the production of high-purity silicon crystals and ultra-thin silicon wafers, essential for space photovoltaic components [5][6] - As the space photovoltaic industry matures, Jingcheng is expected to provide core manufacturing equipment for the space photovoltaic supply chain [5][6] Group 6 - Maiwei Co., Ltd. (300751) is a leading enterprise in photovoltaic battery equipment, specializing in HJT and perovskite tandem battery technologies [7][41] - The company's equipment is crucial for the mass production of high-efficiency batteries that meet the stringent requirements of space photovoltaic applications [7][41] - Maiwei's technology can support the development of space-specific battery manufacturing equipment, enhancing energy system efficiency for space computing centers [7][41] Group 7 - Foster (603806) is a global leader in photovoltaic packaging materials, focusing on EVA and POE films, with a strong market presence [8][43] - The company's packaging materials are essential for ensuring the durability and performance of photovoltaic components in extreme space environments [8][43] - Foster aims to develop specialized packaging materials for space applications, enhancing the reliability of space photovoltaic systems [8][43] Group 8 - JinkoSolar (002459) is a global leader in photovoltaic modules, with a comprehensive business model covering silicon wafers, battery cells, and modules [10][43] - The company has a strong technical foundation and global production capabilities, allowing it to meet diverse application needs [10][43] - JinkoSolar's module manufacturing technology is well-suited for space applications, with the potential to become a core supplier for space photovoltaic systems [10][43] Group 9 - TCL Zhonghuan (002129) is a core enterprise in the silicon wafer sector, focusing on monocrystalline silicon materials and semiconductor materials [12][43] - The company's high-purity silicon technology is critical for space photovoltaic components, meeting the stringent requirements for purity and performance [12][43] - TCL Zhonghuan is positioned to develop space-specific silicon products, enhancing its role in the space photovoltaic supply chain [12][43] Group 10 - Aerospace Electromechanical (600151) is a leading enterprise in the integration of aerospace and photovoltaic technologies, covering the entire industry chain from component manufacturing to power station operation [19][43] - The company's aerospace power technology can be directly applied to space photovoltaic systems, providing essential energy management solutions [19][43] - With its experience in satellite systems, Aerospace Electromechanical is well-positioned to participate in the development of space computing centers [19][43]

Group 1 - Northern Huachuang is a leading domestic semiconductor equipment manufacturer, covering core process equipment such as etching machines, thin film deposition equipment, and cleaning machines, which are essential for memory chip manufacturing [1] - The company is expected to benefit from the growth in equipment orders driven by the expansion and technological upgrades of domestic memory manufacturers during the memory chip price increase cycle [1] - Northern Huachuang has made breakthroughs in advanced process equipment for 3D NAND and HBM, establishing a core competitive advantage in the global memory equipment market [1] Group 2 - Hua Hong Semiconductor is a leading domestic specialty process manufacturer with mature memory chip foundry capabilities, focusing on NOR Flash, eMMC, and SPI NAND [2] - The company is expected to benefit from the rising demand for memory chip foundry services as domestic memory manufacturers expand production [2] - Hua Hong's layout in automotive-grade memory chip foundry will further enhance its resilience against economic cycles [2] Group 3 - Zhongwei Company is a core supplier of etching equipment, with its 5nm etching machine already integrated into the supply chain of memory manufacturers [3] - The demand for high-end equipment is expected to grow due to the trend of upgrading memory chips to advanced processes like 3D NAND and HBM [3] - Zhongwei's layout in thin film deposition equipment enhances its service capabilities for memory manufacturers [3] Group 4 - Lanke Technology is a global leader in memory interface chips, with its products widely used in servers and PCs, holding a leading share in the DDR5 interface chip market [4] - The demand for DDR5 interface chips is expected to surge due to the explosion in AI server and high-end PC demand during the memory chip price increase cycle [4] - Lanke's breakthroughs in HBM interface chips will further open up growth opportunities [4] Group 5 - GigaDevice is a leading domestic memory chip design company, focusing on NOR Flash while also expanding into NAND Flash and DRAM [5] - The company is expected to benefit from the price increase of NOR Flash products driven by the recovery of consumer electronics and AI terminal demand [5] - GigaDevice's layout in automotive-grade memory chips will further expand its downstream application space [5] Group 6 - Shengyi Technology is a leading domestic copper-clad laminate manufacturer, with its products being core raw materials for memory chip packaging [6][7] - The growth in demand for copper-clad laminates is expected to be driven by the expansion of memory manufacturers and the increase in packaging needs during the memory chip price increase cycle [6][7] - Shengyi's breakthroughs in high-frequency and high-speed copper-clad laminates will adapt to the upgrade demands of memory chips [6][7] Group 7 - Shenzhen South Circuit is a leading domestic PCB manufacturer, with its high-end PCB products being core carriers for storage servers and modules [8] - The demand for high-end PCBs is expected to grow due to the explosion in AI server demand and the expansion of memory manufacturers during the memory chip price increase cycle [8] - Shenzhen South Circuit's layout in storage packaging substrates further enhances its position in the memory industry chain [8] Group 8 - Jiangbolong is a leading domestic storage module manufacturer, focusing on the development and manufacturing of storage modules for various applications [9] - The company is expected to benefit from the recovery in consumer electronics and the explosion of AI terminal demand during the memory chip price increase cycle [9] - Jiangbolong's layout in automotive-grade storage modules will further open up downstream application spaces [9] Group 9 - Xi'an Yicai is a core enterprise in semiconductor materials, focusing on silicon-based materials essential for memory chip manufacturing [10] - The demand for silicon-based materials is expected to grow due to the expansion and technological upgrades of memory manufacturers during the memory chip price increase cycle [10] - Xi'an Yicai's breakthroughs in 300mm large silicon wafers will adapt to the advanced process needs of domestic storage [10] Group 10 - Tuojing Technology is a leading domestic thin film deposition equipment manufacturer, with its PECVD and ALD equipment being core process equipment for memory chip manufacturing [11] - The demand for equipment orders is expected to grow due to the expansion of memory manufacturers and the upgrade of 3D NAND technology during the memory chip price increase cycle [11] - Tuojing's layout in HBM-related equipment will further adapt to the upgrade demands driven by AI [11] Group 11 - Maiwei Co. is a core domestic semiconductor equipment enterprise, with its equipment already integrated into the supply chain of leading domestic memory manufacturers [12] - The growth in equipment orders is expected to be driven by the expansion of memory manufacturers and the increase in advanced packaging demand during the memory chip price increase cycle [12] - Maiwei's breakthroughs in HBM packaging equipment will adapt to the upgrade demands driven by AI [12] Group 12 - Shengmei Shanghai is a leading domestic semiconductor cleaning equipment manufacturer, with its single-wafer cleaning equipment integrated into the supply chain of leading memory manufacturers [13] - The demand for cleaning equipment is expected to grow due to the expansion of memory manufacturers and the upgrade of advanced processes during the memory chip price increase cycle [13] - Shengmei's breakthroughs in 3D NAND cleaning technology will adapt to the technical iteration needs of memory chips [13] Group 13 - Changdian Technology is a leading domestic packaging and testing enterprise, covering the packaging and testing of various memory chip types [14] - The growth in packaging orders is expected to be driven by the price increase of memory chips during the memory chip price increase cycle [14] - Changdian's breakthroughs in advanced packaging will adapt to the needs of high-end memory chips [14] Group 14 - Changchuan Technology is a leading domestic semiconductor testing equipment manufacturer, with its testing equipment covering memory and logic chips [15] - The demand for testing equipment is expected to grow due to the expansion of memory manufacturers and the upgrade of advanced processes during the memory chip price increase cycle [15] - Changchuan's breakthroughs in DDR5 and HBM testing technologies will adapt to the upgrade demands driven by AI [15] Group 15 - Baiwei Storage is a leading domestic storage chip design and module manufacturer, focusing on various storage modules for different applications [16] - The company is expected to benefit from the recovery in consumer electronics and the explosion of AI terminal demand during the memory chip price increase cycle [16] - Baiwei's layout in automotive-grade storage will further open up downstream application spaces [16] Group 16 - China Resources Microelectronics is a leading domestic power semiconductor and storage chip manufacturer, focusing on NOR Flash and eMMC [17] - The company is expected to benefit from the recovery in consumer electronics and industrial control demand during the memory chip price increase cycle [17] - China Resources' layout in automotive-grade storage chips will enhance its resilience against economic cycles [17] Group 17 - Tongfu Microelectronics is a core domestic packaging enterprise, covering the packaging of various memory chip types [18] - The growth in packaging orders is expected to be driven by the price increase of memory chips during the memory chip price increase cycle [18] - Tongfu's breakthroughs in advanced packaging will adapt to the needs of high-end memory chips [18] Group 18 - Yitang Co. is a core domestic semiconductor equipment enterprise, focusing on thin film deposition and rapid thermal processing equipment [19] - The demand for equipment orders is expected to grow due to the expansion of memory manufacturers and the upgrade of advanced processes during the memory chip price increase cycle [19] - Yitang's breakthroughs in 3D NAND-related equipment will adapt to the technical iteration needs of memory chips [19] Group 19 - Jingsheng Mechanical and Electrical is a leading domestic semiconductor silicon wafer equipment manufacturer, with its equipment integrated into the supply chain of leading memory manufacturers [20] - The demand for equipment orders is expected to grow due to the expansion of memory manufacturers and the increase in silicon wafer demand during the memory chip price increase cycle [20] - Jingsheng's breakthroughs in 300mm large silicon wafer equipment will adapt to the advanced process needs of domestic storage [20] Group 20 - Xichuang Data is a leading domestic storage module and smart terminal manufacturer, focusing on various storage modules for different applications [21] - The company is expected to benefit from the recovery in consumer electronics and the explosion of AI terminal demand during the memory chip price increase cycle [21] - Xichuang's layout in automotive-grade storage will further open up downstream application spaces [21] Group 21 - Shannon Chip is a leading domestic storage chip distribution and solution provider, focusing on distribution and technical services for storage chips [22] - The growth in distribution revenue is expected to be driven by the price increase of memory chips during the memory chip price increase cycle [22] - Shannon's layout in storage module solutions will enhance customer stickiness [22] Group 22 - Hushi Silicon Industry is a leading domestic semiconductor silicon wafer manufacturer, covering various specifications essential for memory chip manufacturing [23] - The demand for silicon wafers is expected to grow due to the expansion and technological upgrades of memory manufacturers during the memory chip price increase cycle [23] - Hushi's breakthroughs in 300mm large silicon wafers will adapt to the advanced process needs of domestic storage [23] Group 23 - Unisoc is a leading domestic security chip and storage chip manufacturer, focusing on eMMC and UFS [24] - The company is expected to benefit from the recovery in consumer electronics and the growth in security storage demand during the memory chip price increase cycle [24] - Unisoc's layout in automotive-grade storage chips will enhance its resilience against economic cycles [24] Group 24 - Fudan Microelectronics is a leading domestic FPGA and storage chip manufacturer, covering various storage chip types [25] - The growth in demand for storage products is expected to be driven by the increase in industrial control demand and the acceleration of domestic substitution during the memory chip price increase cycle [25] - Fudan's layout in automotive-grade storage chips will further open up downstream application spaces [25] Group 25 - Zhongke Feicai is a leading domestic semiconductor testing equipment manufacturer, covering testing equipment for memory and logic chips [26] - The demand for testing equipment is expected to grow due to the expansion of memory manufacturers and the upgrade of advanced processes during the memory chip price increase cycle [26] - Zhongke's breakthroughs in 3D NAND testing technology will adapt to the technical iteration needs of memory chips [26] Group 26 - Huahai Qingke is a leading domestic chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) equipment manufacturer, with its CMP equipment integrated into the supply chain of leading memory manufacturers [27] - The demand for CMP equipment is expected to grow due to the expansion of memory manufacturers and the upgrade of advanced processes during the memory chip price increase cycle [27] - Huahai's breakthroughs in 3D NAND polishing technology will adapt to the technical iteration needs of memory chips [27]

Core Viewpoint - The space photovoltaic sector is gaining momentum, driven by Elon Musk's support and significant developments in the industry, including SpaceX's acquisition of xAI and plans for deploying data centers in space [1][3]. Group 1: Market Performance - As of February 3, the photovoltaic ETF (515790.SH) closed at 1.122, with a remarkable increase of 6.05%. Several stocks, including Maiwei Co. (300751.SZ) and Junda Co. (002865.SZ), hit the daily limit, while Longi Green Energy (601012.SH) and Tongwei Co. (600438.SH) saw gains exceeding 4.5% [1]. - The photovoltaic equipment sector index (BK1031) rose by 6.28%, indicating strong market interest and activity [2]. Group 2: Industry Outlook - Institutions like Guosheng Securities and CICC express optimism about the future of space photovoltaics, predicting it could become a trillion-yuan market within five years due to increasing global demand for space energy and the restructuring of supply chains [3]. - CICC's research highlights that space photovoltaics are central to upgrading power systems in commercial aerospace, with a focus on low-orbit satellite applications, suggesting a new phase of technological advancement and industrial delivery [4]. Group 3: Technological Insights - The main photovoltaic technologies for space applications include silicon solar cells, gallium arsenide solar cells, and perovskite technology. Gallium arsenide offers superior performance but at a higher cost, while perovskite technology is noted for its low material costs and high power-to-weight ratio [5][6]. - Current market trends indicate that gallium arsenide technology dominates, but emerging technologies like HJT silicon and perovskite are expected to gain significant market share, with perovskite potentially achieving over 50% penetration [7]. Group 4: Company Developments - Companies such as Shanghai Port and Junda Co. are actively investing in space photovoltaic technologies, with Shanghai Port focusing on perovskite solar cells and Junda Co. securing contracts for related supplies [7]. - Major players like Trina Solar and JA Solar are also expanding their capabilities in crystalline silicon and perovskite technologies, indicating a robust competitive landscape in the photovoltaic sector [7].

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the emerging trend of "space photovoltaics" in the A-share market, driven by the rapid development of commercial aerospace and the need for upgraded power systems in satellite constellations [1]. Industry Chain - The space photovoltaic industry chain includes various components such as photovoltaic auxiliary materials, photovoltaic cells, and photovoltaic equipment, with key players like Double Good Energy, Junda Co., and Trina Solar [3]. Institutional Interpretation - As China's low-orbit satellite constellations enter a phase of intensive deployment, the industry is expected to undergo significant transformation, with a focus on manufacturing and technological advancements [4][11]. Market Potential - Space photovoltaics are projected to achieve commercialization within the next 10 to 15 years, with the Chinese low-orbit satellite photovoltaic market expected to exceed $3 billion by 2030. If the deployment reaches 100GW for space data centers, the global market could reach between $500 billion to $1 trillion [5][12]. Technological Advantages - Space photovoltaics can generate power continuously, unaffected by day-night cycles or weather changes, achieving 7-10 times the annual generation hours and energy density compared to ground-based photovoltaics [10]. Recent Developments - The recent acquisition of xAI by SpaceX aims to create a vertically integrated innovation engine, which is expected to enhance SpaceX's space computing capabilities, directly benefiting the space photovoltaic industry [9].

2月3日午后，三大指数大幅上攻。盘面上，受太空算力与卫星产业多方提振，太空光伏概念多股拉升。光伏ETF招商（516230）上市首日大涨5.7%，成份 股罗博特科、迈为股份强势涨停，捷伟佳创、德业股份涨超6%，隆基绿能、正泰电器涨超5%，特变电工、阳光电源、TCL科技等多股走强。 消息面上，SpaceX昨日正式收购其旗下的人工智能公司 xAI，合并后实体估值高达1.25 万亿美元。分析指出，此项合并旨在利用 SpaceX 的发射能力，将 AI 数据中心部署到太空轨道上，或标志着其太空AI数据中心计划从构想进入实操阶段，引领太空光伏新蓝海。 一、什么是太空光伏？ 太空光伏，简言之，就是将光伏发电系统部署于太空轨道；其核心价值在于彻底突破地面光伏的固有瓶颈，有望成为太空能源的最优供能选择，堪称目前太 空能源的"唯一解"。 | 对比维度 | 太空光伏 | | --- | --- | | 大气质量条件 | AMO | | 太阳辐照强度 | 约 1360 W/m | | | 地面的 5-10 | | 光路长度 | 无大气层 | | 光谱类型 | 太空光谱 | | 有效发电时长 | 地球同步轨道 | | | 时间可接受光 ...

Market Overview - A-shares experienced a significant rebound with all three major indices rising, particularly the ChiNext Index which surged over 2% [2] - The photovoltaic industry index saw a notable increase of 4.78%, while military and aerospace indices also rose by over 3% [2] - The market structure indicates that the main drivers of the rebound were the active photovoltaic and commercial aerospace sectors [2] Photovoltaic Sector - The photovoltaic sector saw widespread gains, with TOPcon battery concept stocks leading the market [6] - Key stocks included: - Aotewei recorded a 20% limit-up - Shuangliang Energy and Fostek both hit 10% limit-up - Maiwei shares rose by 11.77% [7][8] - The demand for space-based photovoltaic energy is expected to become a new growth area, driven by global space energy needs and supply chain restructuring [9] Commercial Aerospace Sector - The commercial aerospace sector also saw rapid gains, with stocks like Tongyu Communication and Aerospace Development hitting the 10% limit-up [10][11] - The successful testing of a liquid rocket engine by a private aerospace company is expected to bolster confidence in the sector [11] Precious Metals Sector - The precious metals sector continued to decline, with several stocks hitting the 10% limit-down, including Zhaojin Gold and Sichuan Gold [15] - Despite the drop in stocks, spot gold and silver prices rebounded, with gold reaching $4,809 per ounce, up over 3% [17]

Market Overview - A-shares experienced a collective rise in major indices, with the Shanghai Composite Index closing at 4031.07 points, up 0.38%, and the Shenzhen Component Index rising by 0.93% [2] - The total trading volume in the Shanghai and Shenzhen markets reached 161.69 billion yuan by midday [2] Sector Performance - The commercial aerospace sector saw significant gains, with multiple stocks hitting the daily limit up, including Aerospace Development and JuLi Sockets [4] - The photovoltaic sector continued to strengthen, with stocks like Shuangliang Energy and JunDa Co. reaching their daily limit up shortly after market open [4] - The chemical sector also experienced a rally, with WanFeng Co. achieving a fourth consecutive limit up [9] Key Stocks - Aotewei reached a 20% limit up, while other stocks such as Dike Co. and Maiwei Co. saw increases of over 10% [6][7] - JunDa Co. announced a share placement to fund research and production of space photovoltaic battery products, and it also invested 30 million yuan for a 16.67% stake in Shanghai Xingyi Xinneng [8] Industry Insights - According to CICC, the development of commercial aerospace is driving the space photovoltaic sector towards a new phase of technological upgrades and industrial delivery [8] - Guosheng Securities noted that the demand for space photovoltaic energy is expected to become a new growth area, driven by the global demand for space energy and the restructuring of supply chains [8] - The chemical industry is expected to evolve with a shift from market share focus to profitability, alongside opportunities for high-end export replacements due to declines in Europe and Japan [9][10]

Market Overview - The A-share market experienced a significant rebound, with all three major indices rising collectively. The ChiNext Index surged over 2% at one point, driven by notable gains in the photovoltaic and commercial aerospace sectors [2][3] - The photovoltaic industry index rose by 4.78%, while military and aerospace indices, as well as satellite communication indices, saw increases exceeding 3% [2] Photovoltaic Sector - The photovoltaic sector saw widespread gains, particularly in the TOPcon battery concept stocks, which led the market rally. Key stocks included: - Aotewei reached a 20% limit up - Shuangliang Energy and Fostech both hit 10% limit up - Maiwei shares increased by 11%, while Jing Sheng Machinery surged over 17% [5][6] - The overall performance of the photovoltaic sector was strong, with multiple stocks showing significant increases, indicating robust investor interest [5][7] Commercial Aerospace Sector - The commercial aerospace sector also experienced a rapid rise, with stocks such as Tongyu Communication and Aerospace Development hitting the 10% limit up. Other stocks in this sector saw increases of over 5% [8][9] - The sector's growth is supported by recent developments, including successful tests of liquid rocket engines by Star Glory Aerospace Technology Group, which enhances the reliability of their products [8] Precious Metals Sector - In contrast, the precious metals sector faced a downturn, with several stocks experiencing significant declines. Notable declines included: - Zhaojin Gold and Sichuan Gold both hit the 10% limit down - Shandong Gold fell over 6% [10][11] - Despite the overall decline in the sector, spot gold and silver prices showed signs of recovery, with gold rebounding to approximately $4,809 per ounce, marking a daily increase of over 3% [12]

经济观察网 2月3日早盘，太空光伏概念震荡拉升，截至10时整，双良节能（600481）涨停，奥特维涨 超18%，高测股份涨超10%，迈为股份（300751）、钧达股份（002865）等多股上涨。消息面上，近 日，多家机构发布看好太空光伏发展的研报。中金公司（601995）研报提到，在商业航天蓬勃发展背景 下，太空光伏作为其电源系统升级的核心方向，在星座批量组网的牵引下正迈向技术路线升级与产业化 交付的新阶段。随着我国低轨星座进入密集部署期、单星功率持续上行叠加太空算力等新应用场景推进 探索，建议把握太空光伏带来的全产业链变革，持续关注制造产业端落地密集催化。 ...