作为5000多年中华文明的重要实证，自1987年以来，凌家滩遗址历经16次科学发掘，已探明遗址面积达160万平方米，发掘出高等级"红烧土"建筑基址、庄 严的祭坛，以及遗存丰富的史前墓葬，一处处重要遗迹共同勾勒出一个距今5000多年的宏大"都邑"。 遗址先后出土精美玉礼器、石器、陶器等珍贵文物3000余件组，重达88公斤的大玉猪、史前最大的石钺，还有体现宗教礼仪的玉龟、玉版，显示出凌家滩已 经出现明确的等级制度和社会分工。灵动的玉人、刻有八角星纹的玉鹰、首尾相连的双面圆雕玉龙等器物，全景展示生活在凌家滩的古代先民们在玉器制 造、艺术创造等方面的精湛技艺和突出成就。无论是规模庞大的遗址，还是丰富精美的遗存，都揭示出在新石器时代晚期，凌家滩已经出现高度发达的史前 文明。 在国家文物局发布的中华文明探源工程阶段性成果中，凌家滩遗址被认定为中华文明"古国时代"第一阶段的重要代表，它与浙江良渚、陕西石峁、山西陶 寺、河南二里头等遗址，共同为探究中华文明起源"满天星斗""多元一体"格局的文明演进路径，提供了关键样本和重要实证。 央视网消息（新闻联播）：凌家滩遗址位于安徽省马鞍山市含山县，是中华文明探源工程探索长江下游地区文 ...

Core Insights - The article discusses the contributions of Guo Dashun to the study of Hongshan culture, emphasizing his role in archaeological discoveries and his academic lineage from Su Bingqi, a prominent figure in Chinese archaeology [1][2][3]. Group 1: Contributions to Hongshan Culture - Guo Dashun is recognized as the leading figure in Hongshan culture, having led significant archaeological excavations that revealed important artifacts, establishing Hongshan as one of the three major sources of Chinese civilization over 5,000 years ago [1]. - He proposed a new understanding that there should be a structure of higher significance than the "Goddess Temple" within the Hongshan culture [1]. - Recent discoveries in Hebei, including a large number of Hongshan cultural relics, suggest that the culture may have migrated southward during its peak [2]. Group 2: Academic Influence and Legacy - Guo Dashun, a disciple of Su Bingqi, continues to advocate for the idea that Hongshan culture is a direct root of Chinese civilization, emphasizing the importance of Su's academic thoughts in contemporary archaeology [1][2]. - The article highlights the significance of Su Bingqi's theories, particularly the continuity of Chinese civilization and the importance of ritual systems, which Guo Dashun elaborates on in his discussions [5][6]. - Guo Dashun's reflections on Su Bingqi's legacy indicate that his academic contributions remain relevant in current archaeological discourse, particularly in understanding the origins of Chinese civilization [17][18]. Group 3: Archaeological Methodology and Perspectives - The article discusses the need for a combination of archaeological findings and historical texts to reconstruct ancient history, emphasizing that archaeological evidence should validate historical narratives [29][30]. - Guo Dashun advocates for a collaborative approach between archaeologists and historians to enhance the understanding of ancient cultures, suggesting that archaeological methods should be applied to historical research [36]. - The discussion includes the importance of diverse perspectives in archaeology, encouraging a "hundred schools of thought" approach to foster deeper insights into ancient civilizations [28].

Core Insights - The article commemorates the 70th anniversary of the discovery of the Zhengzhou Shang City site, highlighting its significance in the development of archaeology in Henan and China, as well as its role in understanding early Chinese civilization [6][10][17]. Archaeological Significance - Zhengzhou Shang City is recognized as one of the earliest urban sites in China, dating back approximately 3,600 years, and is crucial for studying the early Shang culture and Chinese bronze civilization [12][13]. - The site covers about 25 square kilometers and features a complex urban structure with multiple elements such as city walls, palatial areas, residential zones, burial sites, and workshops, showcasing the advanced urban planning of early Chinese civilization [12][13]. Historical Context - The site was discovered in 1955, with significant archaeological training and discoveries occurring in the early 1950s, marking the beginning of modern archaeological practices in China [7][8][9]. - Zhengzhou Shang City has been recognized multiple times for its archaeological importance, including being listed as a key cultural heritage site and one of the top archaeological discoveries of the 20th century [6][8]. Recent Discoveries - Recent archaeological work has uncovered various structures and artifacts, including large rammed earth buildings, water management systems, and workshops for bone and bronze production, enhancing the understanding of the site's historical context [14][15][16]. - Notable findings include a high-status burial site with over 200 grave goods, which is the richest discovered at Zhengzhou Shang City to date, indicating the site's significance in the social hierarchy of the time [16]. Cultural Impact - The ongoing research and discoveries at Zhengzhou Shang City have contributed to a deeper understanding of early Chinese civilization, including its political, economic, cultural, and technological advancements [13][20]. - The site serves as a cultural symbol for Zhengzhou and Henan, reflecting the region's historical significance and its contributions to Chinese heritage [17][20]. Commemorative Activities - A series of events have been organized to celebrate the 70th anniversary, including academic conferences and public exhibitions aimed at promoting awareness and appreciation of the site's archaeological achievements [18][19]. - The events are designed to engage both academic circles and the general public, fostering a greater understanding of the importance of Zhengzhou Shang City in the context of Chinese history and archaeology [20].

Core Insights - The Shandong University Museum, with its two locations in Jinan and Qingdao, serves as a cultural bridge, showcasing both historical artifacts and modern technological interpretations of cultural heritage [1][4] - The museum emphasizes the importance of archaeological education and community engagement, with a focus on hands-on experiences for students and the public [6][8] Group 1: Museum Overview - The Shandong University Museum is a national first-class museum that reflects the dedication of its faculty and students in archaeological research and preservation [2] - The museum houses over ten thousand artifacts, most of which were excavated and restored by the university's archaeology students and faculty [3][6] - The Qingdao campus features a new building of over 40,000 square meters, hosting various thematic exhibitions that attract a growing number of visitors [4][6] Group 2: Archaeological Significance - The museum's collection includes significant artifacts such as a bronze weighing scale from the Wang Mang reform period, which is the only officially excavated example from that era [3] - The discovery of the Dinggong pottery with early written characters is highlighted as a major archaeological find, providing insights into the origins of Chinese civilization and writing [5][6] - The focus on fieldwork at the Jiaojia site allows students to engage directly with archaeological practices, enhancing their educational experience [7][8] Group 3: Community Engagement and Education - The museum has hosted over 215,000 visitors in the past year, with various educational programs and workshops aimed at different community groups [6] - Activities such as "expert-led museum tours" and "cultural appreciation workshops" are designed to make archaeological findings accessible to the public [6][8] - The integration of fieldwork, laboratory research, and museum exhibitions creates a comprehensive educational framework for archaeology students [8]

Core Viewpoint - The exhibition "National Treasure Returns Home - Commemorating the 70th Anniversary of the Discovery of Zhengzhou Shang City" features the return of the Duling No. 1 square ding, the largest bronze vessel from the early Shang Dynasty, to Zhengzhou, highlighting its historical significance and craftsmanship [1]. Group 1 - The Duling No. 1 square ding, discovered in 1974, is recognized as the largest early Shang Dynasty bronze artifact, reinforcing Zhengzhou's status as the capital of the Shang Dynasty [1]. - The Duling No. 1 square ding stands approximately 1 meter tall and showcases intricate beast face and nipple patterns, reflecting the advanced bronze casting techniques of the early Shang Dynasty [1]. - This exhibition marks the first reunion of the Duling No. 1 and No. 2 square dings after decades, along with two other notable bronze vessels, symbolizing a historic gathering of significant artifacts from the Shang Dynasty [1]. Group 2 - The deputy director of the Zhengzhou Shang Dynasty Capital Ruins Museum emphasized that the reunion of the four bronze vessels represents a profound dialogue between history and the present, encouraging deeper reflection on the origins of Chinese civilization [1].

Core Insights - The article highlights significant archaeological achievements in China over the past five years, emphasizing their importance in understanding the origins and development of Chinese civilization [1][2] Group 1: Key Archaeological Findings - The excavation report of the Dasha Qian site reveals its central role during the Xiajiadian Lower Culture period, clarifying the cultural continuity in the Chifeng region from the Xiajiadian Lower to Upper Culture and into the Warring States period [1] - The archaeological findings from Quanzhou provide empirical support for its recognition as a world maritime trade center during the Song and Yuan dynasties, correcting previous misconceptions about the site's layout [1][2] - The excavation of 103 tombs in the Anyang Huabei Shangcheng industrial workshop area offers critical insights into the burial practices and social conditions of artisans during the Shang Dynasty, filling a gap in the understanding of mid-Shang family burial sites [4] Group 2: Significant Cultural Insights - The discovery of the Heishui No. 1 tomb in Qinghai is noted as the most complete and clearly structured high-status tomb found on the Tibetan Plateau, contributing to the understanding of burial customs during the Tang (Tubo) period [5][7] - The excavation at the Liao Shangjing site reveals the first high-status south-facing buildings in a city oriented to the east, advancing the archaeological study of Liao dynasty capital systems [8] Group 3: Contributions to Global Archaeology - The findings at the Copan site in Honduras, including intricate stone carvings, provide valuable material for the study of Maya civilization and exemplify China's archaeological outreach [10][11] - The publication of "Civilization China" presents the latest archaeological data on human origins and cultural evolution, enhancing the understanding of ancient Eastern human development [14] Group 4: Methodological Innovations - The research on Han Dynasty bronze mirrors using 3D scanning technology represents a pioneering effort in ancient mirror studies, contributing significantly to the field of ancient craftsmanship archaeology [19] - The book focusing on ancient Buddhist temples in East Asia aims to establish a theoretical framework for the archaeology of Chinese cave temples, addressing a gap in both domestic and international research [20]

Core Insights - The article discusses the archaeological findings in the Xiliao River basin, highlighting its significance as one of the important birthplaces of Chinese civilization, with evidence of human history dating back over a million years and cultural history spanning 10,000 years [1] Group 1: Archaeological Findings - The Xiliao River, as a source of the Liao River, has geographical features that facilitated early civilization development, with rich prehistoric sites and artifacts proving its importance in the formation of Chinese civilization [1] - The Xiliao River basin saw the emergence of dragon imagery and sophisticated jade artifacts around 8,000 years ago, indicating the onset of civilization [1] - The Neolithic cultural sequence in the Xiliao River region includes several cultures such as Xiahexi, Xinglongwa, Zhaobaogou, Fuhe, Hongshan, and Xiaheyan, with the Xinglongwa culture being particularly dominant due to its agricultural practices and jade customs [1] Group 2: Hongshan Culture - The Hongshan culture, particularly the Dongshanzui and Niuheliang sites, has sparked significant research interest since the 1980s, leading to discussions about the origins of Chinese civilization [2] - The "Goddess Temple" at the Niuheliang site features artistic clay sculptures of female figures and is characterized by its ceremonial architecture, indicating a complex societal structure [2] - Burial practices in the Hongshan culture, such as the construction of stone mounds, reflect a hierarchical relationship among the deceased, with central and peripheral graves [2] Group 3: Cultural Artifacts - Jade artifacts are the primary burial items in the Hongshan culture, showcasing strict burial regulations and the significance of jade in funerary practices [3] - The late Hongshan culture (5,300 to 5,000 years ago) marked the emergence of the "Hongshan Ancient State," where interactions with the Yangshao culture led to the development of unique pottery designs combining dragon and floral motifs [3] Group 4: Bronze Age Discoveries - The discoveries from the Bronze Age in the Xiliao River region include the Lower and Upper Xiujiaodian cultures, with the Lower culture dating from 2000 to 1500 BC and showing evidence of city-state formations [4] - The Upper Xiujiaodian culture, dating from the Western Zhou to the Spring and Autumn period, indicates close interactions with the central plains states of Yan and Qi, with artifacts reflecting strong influences from central Chinese ceremonial practices [4] - The latest findings from the Chinese civilization exploration project define the period from 5,800 to 5,200 years ago as the beginning of Chinese civilization, with the Niuheliang site being a representative cultural site of this phase [4]

Core Insights - The archaeological departments from Hebei, Inner Mongolia, and Liaoning announced significant findings related to the Xiliao River culture, an important origin of Chinese civilization, during the 2025 Beijing Cultural Forum [1][2] Group 1: Archaeological Findings - Hebei has discovered over 300 Neolithic sites and more than 70 sites from the Shang and Zhou dynasties in the Xiliao River basin [1] - Inner Mongolia's archaeological efforts since 2021 have led to the discovery of over 110 structures and pits at the Wulantuga site, along with more than 1,800 artifacts, tracing architectural layouts back approximately 8,000 years [1] - Liaoning has identified 847 remnants of the Hongshan culture, with over 230 newly discovered sites in a 6,000 square kilometer area in Chaoyang [2] Group 2: Collaborative Efforts - A joint mechanism for the development of the Xiliao River culture was established among Hebei, Inner Mongolia, and Liaoning, focusing on research, archaeological excavation, cultural protection, and tourism development [2]

Core Insights - The article discusses the contributions of Guo Dashun to the understanding of Hongshan culture and its significance in Chinese civilization [1][2][5] - It highlights the recent archaeological discoveries and theories proposed by Guo Dashun regarding the existence of a more significant structure than the "Goddess Temple" in the Hongshan culture [6][10] Group 1: Guo Dashun's Contributions - Guo Dashun is recognized as the foremost expert on Hongshan culture, having led significant archaeological excavations that revealed key artifacts and structures [1][2] - He emphasizes the need for further exploration of the Hongshan culture, particularly the potential existence of a central temple structure referred to as "Shangmiao" [6][10] - Guo Dashun's academic lineage traces back to Su Bingqi, a prominent figure in Chinese archaeology, which influences his interpretations of Hongshan culture [1][2] Group 2: Archaeological Discoveries - Recent findings at the Zhengjiagou site in Hebei indicate a possible migration of Hongshan culture artifacts, suggesting a broader geographical influence [2] - The discovery of large-scale structures and artifacts at the Niuhouliang site supports the idea of a complex societal structure within the Hongshan culture [6][10] - The presence of various types of jade artifacts, including the notable "Jade Pig (Bear) Dragon," indicates a rich cultural and artistic tradition within the Hongshan civilization [36][37] Group 3: Cultural Significance - The article posits that Hongshan culture represents a critical phase in the development of Chinese civilization, characterized by its unique ritualistic practices and social structures [23][24] - Guo Dashun argues that the "altar, temple, and tomb" system of Hongshan culture reflects a sophisticated understanding of cosmology and social hierarchy [23][24] - The integration of jade and pottery in Hongshan culture signifies a fusion of different cultural traditions, contributing to its distinct identity [47][50]

Core Insights - The discovery of the Mengxi River site provides significant archaeological evidence that enriches the understanding of human history and the origins of Chinese civilization [1][2][3] - The findings, including ancient plant seeds and animal fossils, suggest that early humans in East Asia were more complex and innovative than previously thought, challenging the notion of a "bottleneck" in human evolution in the region [1][2] Group 1: Archaeological Discoveries - The Mengxi River site has revealed four varieties of Sichuan pepper, indicating that the culinary culture of "spicy China" may have originated in the Paleolithic era [1] - The site, dating back 60,000 years, provides a new perspective on the lifestyle of early humans in China, contributing to the understanding of the origins of Chinese civilization [1][2] - The excavation has uncovered a wealth of plant remains, including hundreds of thousands of seeds, which rewrite the history of early plant utilization and reflect the beginnings of agricultural civilization [2] Group 2: Historical Context - The archaeological evidence from the Mengxi River site supports the existence of ancient humans in China dating back 2 million years, with significant sites identified in Shaanxi and Hebei provinces [2] - The findings from the site, including systematic evidence of fire use and complex activities, are crucial for studying the origins and evolution of modern humans in East Asia [1][2] - The ongoing archaeological work is expected to yield more significant discoveries that could further reshape the understanding of human evolution and the origins of civilization in China [3]