原标题：平泉东山头遗址考古新发现：红山文化分布范围再拓展 河北省文物考古研究院19日消息称，"红山社会文明化进程研究"考古中国重大项目内容之一的平泉 东山头遗址，自2022年开展全面考古发掘工作以来，取得重要考古收获。同时，经过考古调查，在承德 地区老哈河、滦河流域发现30余处红山文化遗址。这些发现填补了冀东北地区红山文化研究和红山文化 分布区域空白，结合冀西北地区诸多红山文化遗址的发现，将红山文化的分布范围扩展到整个燕山南北 及辽河流域地区。 该遗址分为积石冢墓葬区及祭祀区，分为上、下两层文化堆积。其中，上层文化堆积祭祀区域发现 房址(房址内有人头骨)和坎祭遗存，下层积石冢发现地下木盖板、石椁和木棺组成的墓葬，发现石块堆 塑地母遗迹等，这在以往的红山文化积石冢考古发掘中未曾出现，体现出东山头积石冢与以往发现的积 石冢结构布局上存在差异性。 值得一提的是，该遗址是首次在燕山北麓青龙河流域经过正式考古发掘的红山文化遗存，其积石冢 的砌筑方式、墓葬结构、葬俗、出土遗物等特征总体上与牛河梁遗址红山文化遗存基本相同，但随葬陶 塑男女人像尚属首例。 河北省文物考古研究院副研究馆员胡强介绍，该遗址许多遗迹现象都是首次发现 ...

东山头遗址位于河北省承德市平泉市台头山镇，距今约5500到5300年。从2022年开始，河北省文物考古研究院、承德市文物 局、平泉市旅游和文化广电局组成的联合考古队对该遗址进行全面考古发掘，共计发掘面积2400平方米。 记者11月19日从河北省承德市召开的"平泉东山头遗址考古发掘专家论证暨成果发布会"获悉，过去四年间，平泉东山头遗址 考古发掘取得重要成果，基本明确遗址的布局结构，发现各类遗迹69处，出土陶器、石器、玉器等文物100余件，为红山文 化研究提供了新的实证。 这是东山头遗址积石冢平面图（资料照片）。（河北省文物考古研究院供图） 据了解，该遗址分为积石冢墓葬区和祭祀区，分为上、下两层文化堆积。其中，下层文化堆积的东南部为长方形积石冢墓葬 区，西北部疑似祭祀区；在上层文化堆积中，积石冢面积有所扩大，结构由长方形变为圆形，冢的东南部为祭祀区。 "这些新发现为红山文化研究增添了新的内容，对了解红山文化晚期社会复杂化进程与中华文明礼制的形成具有重要意 义。"胡强说。 经考古调查，除东山头遗址外，在承德地区老哈河、滦河流域发现30余处红山文化遗址。河北省文物考古研究院院长张文瑞 表示，这些发现填补了冀东北地区红 ...

Core Insights - The article discusses the contributions of Guo Dashun to the study of Hongshan culture, emphasizing his role in archaeological discoveries and his academic lineage from Su Bingqi, a prominent figure in Chinese archaeology [1][2][3]. Group 1: Contributions to Hongshan Culture - Guo Dashun is recognized as the leading figure in Hongshan culture, having led significant archaeological excavations that revealed important artifacts, establishing Hongshan as one of the three major sources of Chinese civilization over 5,000 years ago [1]. - He proposed a new understanding that there should be a structure of higher significance than the "Goddess Temple" within the Hongshan culture [1]. - Recent discoveries in Hebei, including a large number of Hongshan cultural relics, suggest that the culture may have migrated southward during its peak [2]. Group 2: Academic Influence and Legacy - Guo Dashun, a disciple of Su Bingqi, continues to advocate for the idea that Hongshan culture is a direct root of Chinese civilization, emphasizing the importance of Su's academic thoughts in contemporary archaeology [1][2]. - The article highlights the significance of Su Bingqi's theories, particularly the continuity of Chinese civilization and the importance of ritual systems, which Guo Dashun elaborates on in his discussions [5][6]. - Guo Dashun's reflections on Su Bingqi's legacy indicate that his academic contributions remain relevant in current archaeological discourse, particularly in understanding the origins of Chinese civilization [17][18]. Group 3: Archaeological Methodology and Perspectives - The article discusses the need for a combination of archaeological findings and historical texts to reconstruct ancient history, emphasizing that archaeological evidence should validate historical narratives [29][30]. - Guo Dashun advocates for a collaborative approach between archaeologists and historians to enhance the understanding of ancient cultures, suggesting that archaeological methods should be applied to historical research [36]. - The discussion includes the importance of diverse perspectives in archaeology, encouraging a "hundred schools of thought" approach to foster deeper insights into ancient civilizations [28].

Core Insights - The article discusses the archaeological findings in the Xiliao River basin, highlighting its significance as one of the important birthplaces of Chinese civilization, with evidence of human history dating back over a million years and cultural history spanning 10,000 years [1] Group 1: Archaeological Findings - The Xiliao River, as a source of the Liao River, has geographical features that facilitated early civilization development, with rich prehistoric sites and artifacts proving its importance in the formation of Chinese civilization [1] - The Xiliao River basin saw the emergence of dragon imagery and sophisticated jade artifacts around 8,000 years ago, indicating the onset of civilization [1] - The Neolithic cultural sequence in the Xiliao River region includes several cultures such as Xiahexi, Xinglongwa, Zhaobaogou, Fuhe, Hongshan, and Xiaheyan, with the Xinglongwa culture being particularly dominant due to its agricultural practices and jade customs [1] Group 2: Hongshan Culture - The Hongshan culture, particularly the Dongshanzui and Niuheliang sites, has sparked significant research interest since the 1980s, leading to discussions about the origins of Chinese civilization [2] - The "Goddess Temple" at the Niuheliang site features artistic clay sculptures of female figures and is characterized by its ceremonial architecture, indicating a complex societal structure [2] - Burial practices in the Hongshan culture, such as the construction of stone mounds, reflect a hierarchical relationship among the deceased, with central and peripheral graves [2] Group 3: Cultural Artifacts - Jade artifacts are the primary burial items in the Hongshan culture, showcasing strict burial regulations and the significance of jade in funerary practices [3] - The late Hongshan culture (5,300 to 5,000 years ago) marked the emergence of the "Hongshan Ancient State," where interactions with the Yangshao culture led to the development of unique pottery designs combining dragon and floral motifs [3] Group 4: Bronze Age Discoveries - The discoveries from the Bronze Age in the Xiliao River region include the Lower and Upper Xiujiaodian cultures, with the Lower culture dating from 2000 to 1500 BC and showing evidence of city-state formations [4] - The Upper Xiujiaodian culture, dating from the Western Zhou to the Spring and Autumn period, indicates close interactions with the central plains states of Yan and Qi, with artifacts reflecting strong influences from central Chinese ceremonial practices [4] - The latest findings from the Chinese civilization exploration project define the period from 5,800 to 5,200 years ago as the beginning of Chinese civilization, with the Niuheliang site being a representative cultural site of this phase [4]

Core Points - The exhibition "Ceramic Stone Reflection, Dawn of Civilization - Archaeological Achievements of the Neolithic Era in Zhangjiakou" showcases over 70 precious artifacts, highlighting the cultural lineage of the Neolithic era in the Zhangjiakou region [2][3] - A unique human-shaped double-eared pot, dating back to the late Neolithic period, was discovered outside the eastern gate of Zhangjiakou's Xuanhua district, demonstrating complex craftsmanship and rarity compared to contemporaneous round pottery [2] - Stone grinding tools, found at the Shangi Sita Neolithic site, were essential for daily life, indicating that as early as 7600 years ago, the inhabitants were processing millet and broomcorn [2] - The jade pig dragon, a typical artifact of the Liaohe River basin's Hongshan culture, was unearthed from a stone mound site in Xuanhua, suggesting the cultural transmission path of the late Hongshan culture around 5000 years ago [2] Industry Insights - The exhibition serves as a platform for a cross-temporal dialogue of civilization, emphasizing the rich historical narrative of the Zhangjiakou region from cultural inception 10,000 years ago to the flourishing of civilization 5,000 years ago [3] - The artifacts reflect the diverse and integrated cultural heritage of the Chinese nation, providing an immersive experience of historical continuity [3]

"郑家沟1号积石冢的考古发现表明，张家口地区可能是红山文化晚期区域中心。"张文瑞说，这里出土 的蚌饰、珍珠饰件和彩陶等遗存，为研究红山文化晚期迁徙路径、埋葬制度、祭祀习俗等提供关键材 料。 内蒙古自治区文物考古研究院院长孙金松介绍，2021年以来，内蒙古在西辽河流域开展一系列考古调查 与发掘工作，取得丰硕成果。 新华社北京9月22日电（记者贺书琛、吴文诩）22日，在2025北京文化论坛"西辽河文化与中华文明起源 及其现代意义"专业沙龙上，河北省、内蒙古自治区、辽宁省文物考古研究院分别发布"十四五"期间西 辽河流域系列考古成果，涵盖聚落形态、祭祀体系、生业方式等，为研究西辽河地区社会复杂化进程提 供新依据。 河北省文物考古研究院院长张文瑞介绍，近年来河北在西辽河流域共发现300余处新石器时代遗址、70 余处商周时期遗址。 在平泉东山头遗址考古发掘中，考古队员首次在红山文化墓葬中发现墓内玉器与陶塑人像的组合，反映 出红山文化葬制的复杂性及其演变动向，该遗址的其他发现揭示红山文化晚期墓葬的布局、等级和出土 器物的差异性，说明红山文化晚期社会阶层出现分化。 辽宁省文物考古研究院院长白宝玉介绍，近年来辽宁在朝阳、阜新地 ...

Core Insights - The article discusses the contributions of Guo Dashun to the understanding of Hongshan culture and its significance in Chinese civilization [1][2][5] - It highlights the recent archaeological discoveries and theories proposed by Guo Dashun regarding the existence of a more significant structure than the "Goddess Temple" in the Hongshan culture [6][10] Group 1: Guo Dashun's Contributions - Guo Dashun is recognized as the foremost expert on Hongshan culture, having led significant archaeological excavations that revealed key artifacts and structures [1][2] - He emphasizes the need for further exploration of the Hongshan culture, particularly the potential existence of a central temple structure referred to as "Shangmiao" [6][10] - Guo Dashun's academic lineage traces back to Su Bingqi, a prominent figure in Chinese archaeology, which influences his interpretations of Hongshan culture [1][2] Group 2: Archaeological Discoveries - Recent findings at the Zhengjiagou site in Hebei indicate a possible migration of Hongshan culture artifacts, suggesting a broader geographical influence [2] - The discovery of large-scale structures and artifacts at the Niuhouliang site supports the idea of a complex societal structure within the Hongshan culture [6][10] - The presence of various types of jade artifacts, including the notable "Jade Pig (Bear) Dragon," indicates a rich cultural and artistic tradition within the Hongshan civilization [36][37] Group 3: Cultural Significance - The article posits that Hongshan culture represents a critical phase in the development of Chinese civilization, characterized by its unique ritualistic practices and social structures [23][24] - Guo Dashun argues that the "altar, temple, and tomb" system of Hongshan culture reflects a sophisticated understanding of cosmology and social hierarchy [23][24] - The integration of jade and pottery in Hongshan culture signifies a fusion of different cultural traditions, contributing to its distinct identity [47][50]

Core Insights - The Zhengjiagou site in Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province, is part of a major archaeological project focused on the "Red Mountain Society Civilization Process" [3] - Since the excavation began in 2022, over 200 relics have been discovered, including stone walls, stone coffin tombs, and sacrificial pits, along with more than 400 artifacts such as jade and pottery [3][6] - The carbon dating results indicate that the No. 1 stone tomb dates back to the late Red Mountain culture, marking a significant find outside the core area of this culture [6] Group 1 - The Zhengjiagou site is a key archaeological project aimed at understanding the Red Mountain culture [3] - Important discoveries include over 200 relics and 400 artifacts, showcasing typical characteristics of the Red Mountain culture [3][6] - The findings provide new materials for studying the distribution of the Red Mountain culture and its burial and sacrificial customs [6] Group 2 - The site is significant for understanding prehistoric cultural exchanges between the Liaoxi and Hebei Northwest regions [6] - The discoveries at Zhengjiagou offer crucial clues for further exploration of the Red Mountain culture's trajectory [6]

Group 1: Exhibition Highlights - The exhibition "The Power of Chinese Plants" at the China Garden Museum showcases the influence of Chinese plants on the world, with ancient texts like "Compendium of Materia Medica" providing significant knowledge for Western botany [1][5] - The exhibition features over 39,000 recorded Chinese plant species, accounting for one-tenth of the world's total plant species, highlighting China's diverse geography [5] - A notable display includes the "Anglo-Chinese Garden" series of copperplate engravings, which illustrates the profound impact of "Chinese style" on European garden aesthetics [7] Group 2: Cultural Significance of the Hongshan Culture - The "Hongshan Culture Ancient Civilization Exhibition" explores the origins of the dragon as a cultural symbol in China, dating back approximately 6,500 to 5,000 years [16][17] - The exhibition features various dragon elements, including 12 jade dragon artifacts, emphasizing the cultural significance of dragons in ancient Chinese civilization [23] - The layout of the exhibition is inspired by the architectural design of the "Goddess Temple" from the Niuhua Liang site, reflecting the ritualistic and ceremonial aspects of the Hongshan culture [31]

Core Viewpoint - The "Dragon Rising China: Hongshan Culture Ancient Civilization Exhibition" at the Shanghai Museum showcases the latest archaeological discoveries and research results of the Hongshan culture, highlighting its formation, development, and influence through significant artifacts and findings [1][2][3]. Group 1: Exhibition Overview - The exhibition focuses on the iconic cultural symbol of the Hongshan culture, the jade dragon, and includes new archaeological discoveries from Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, and Hebei, creating a comprehensive picture of the Hongshan culture's evolution [1]. - The Hongshan culture dates back approximately 6,500 years and lasted until about 4,800 years ago, with its sites covering nearly 300,000 square kilometers [1]. Group 2: Cultural Characteristics - Continuity and innovation are key features of the Hongshan culture, with typical pottery like the flat-bottomed cylindrical jar and the emergence of jade and painted pottery reflecting its innovative spirit [1]. - The variety and quantity of jade artifacts increased, evolving into ceremonial vessels with social functions, while painted pottery served as a medium for cultural exchange with the Central Plains [1]. Group 3: Ritual and Social Structure - The establishment of a ritual order centered around ceremonial activities formed the institutional basis for ancient state civilizations, with significant sites like the Niuheliang site in Liaoning indicating a complex ritual system [2]. - Differences in jade artifact quality and size among high-status members suggest the emergence of a hierarchical order, similar to historical records [2]. Group 4: Archaeological Discoveries - The decline of the ritual center at the Niuheliang site around 5,000 years ago raises questions about whether it was due to an overemphasis on rituals or environmental changes [3]. - The discovery of the Zhengjiagou site provides insights into the southward migration of the Hongshan culture's population, enriching the narrative of its integration into the Central Plains [3]. Group 5: Cultural Significance - The jade dragon, a complex and widely distributed artifact, symbolizes the intricate jade ritual system of the Hongshan culture and reflects societal acceptance of its hierarchical order [3]. - The numerous archaeological findings from the Hongshan culture offer important clues for exploring the origins of Chinese civilization from both institutional and spiritual perspectives [3].