编者按：世界规则的制定权，正从社交达人手中，悄悄转移到自闭症天才那里。文章来自编译。 巨头的"秘密"：一种被重新定义的"天赋" 2025年，对20世纪部分杰出高管的告别回忆录来说，是个丰收年，比如比尔·盖茨的《源代码》(Source Code)以及约翰·马龙（John Malone）的《有线人生》(Born to be Wired)。在马龙的书中，盖茨作为商业 伙伴和投资者客串过几次。两人关系相当不错的一个原因是他们有共同点：两人都在回忆录的开头提到 自己患有自闭症，并且如果能早点知道这一点，他（及他父母！）的生活会轻松很多。 每当有人说起"自闭症"时，其实他们描述的是一个广泛的谱系，包括那些导致重度自闭症患者无法独立 生活的严重残疾。而当人们用这个词来形容自己时，他们指的是不那么严重的那种——即社交能力较 差、有奇怪的敏感源（对食物、质地、噪音等），以及能够（或被迫）长时间专注于非常狭窄领域的结 合体。在本文中，我所说的"自闭症"通常指的是这个谱系当中那些能够保住工作、独立生活的那些，而 不是更严重的那种。这在过去被称为阿斯伯格综合征(Aspergers)，但不知为何，这个极其有用的、能有 效避免概念混淆的 ...

Core Viewpoint - The increase in autism diagnoses in the U.S. has raised public concern, but there is currently no conclusive scientific evidence linking the use of acetaminophen (Tylenol) during pregnancy to autism [1][2] Group 1: Autism Diagnosis and Prevalence - The U.S. government reported that in 2022, the diagnosis rate of autism among 8-year-old children reached a historic high, with 1 in 31 children diagnosed [1] - The global prevalence of autism among children is estimated at 1%, up from approximately 0.6% a decade ago [2] - The average age for autism diagnosis globally is 5 years, while in the U.S., it remains close to 4 years [3] Group 2: Causes and Risk Factors - The etiology of autism is not fully understood, but it is believed that neurodevelopmental characteristics may form during fetal brain development [3][4] - Genetic factors account for approximately 80% of the risk for autism, with increasing research focusing on the interaction between genetic and environmental factors [4] - Potential risk factors for autism include low birth weight, neonatal jaundice, complications during pregnancy or delivery, and parental health conditions such as obesity and diabetes [4] Group 3: Treatment and Research - Currently, there are no effective therapies to reverse autism, and treatment remains challenging [5][6] - The FDA recently approved a therapy involving calcium folinate (folic acid) for improving autism symptoms, but research on its efficacy is still in early stages [6] - Advances in understanding the neuroanatomy of autism are limited, making treatment development more difficult compared to other neurodevelopmental disorders like depression [7]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the controversy surrounding the use of Tylenol (acetaminophen) during pregnancy and its alleged link to autism, particularly in light of statements made by former President Trump, which have been widely refuted by health organizations and experts [3][4][5]. Group 1: Statements from Health Organizations - The World Health Organization (WHO) stated that there is currently no conclusive scientific evidence linking the use of acetaminophen during pregnancy to autism [4][6]. - The European Medicines Agency also indicated that existing evidence does not support a connection between the use of acetaminophen during pregnancy and autism, recommending the lowest effective dose if needed [7]. - The UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) warned that following Trump's advice could harm unborn babies, emphasizing that there is no evidence linking acetaminophen use during pregnancy to autism [7][8]. Group 2: Research Findings - A significant study led by epidemiologist Viktor Ahlqvist analyzed data from nearly 2.5 million children born in Sweden from 1995 to 2019, finding a very small difference in autism rates between children exposed to acetaminophen (1.42%) and those not exposed (1.33%) [9][10]. - The study also compared siblings, which showed no association between acetaminophen use and autism, suggesting that previous findings may be explained by confounding factors rather than the drug itself [10]. - A separate high-quality study from Japan involving over 200,000 children also concluded that there is no link between acetaminophen use during pregnancy and autism [10].

Core Viewpoint - The World Health Organization (WHO) emphasizes that there is currently no conclusive scientific evidence linking the use of acetaminophen (also known as paracetamol) during pregnancy to autism spectrum disorders [1][4]. Group 1: WHO and Regulatory Responses - WHO states that approximately 62 million people globally suffer from autism spectrum disorders, with a prevalence of 1 in 127 individuals, and the exact causes of autism remain undetermined despite increased awareness and diagnosis [1]. - The European Medicines Agency (EMA) also asserts that existing evidence does not support a link between the use of acetaminophen during pregnancy and autism, recommending the lowest effective dose if needed [4]. - The UK Health Minister publicly criticized President Trump's comments regarding acetaminophen, urging patients to trust medical science and their doctors instead [4]. Group 2: Research Findings - A large-scale study led by epidemiologist Viktor Ahlqvist from Karolinska Institute analyzed data from nearly 2.5 million children born in Sweden between 1995 and 2019, finding no significant link between acetaminophen use during pregnancy and autism [6][7]. - The study indicated that 1.42% of children exposed to acetaminophen during pregnancy were diagnosed with autism, compared to 1.33% of those not exposed, highlighting a very small difference [7]. - Another high-quality study from Japan involving over 200,000 children also concluded that there is no association between acetaminophen use during pregnancy and autism [7].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the recent statement by U.S. President Trump regarding the potential risk of acetaminophen (Tylenol) use during pregnancy and its association with autism, highlighting differing opinions from various health authorities and experts [3][5][7]. Group 1: Company Response - The manufacturer of Tylenol, Co., maintains that existing scientific evidence does not support the claim that acetaminophen use leads to autism, a view echoed by credible public health professionals [5]. - Co. emphasizes that the FDA has reviewed this issue for over a decade and continues to recommend acetaminophen use during pregnancy without changing the drug's labeling [6]. Group 2: Health Authority Perspectives - The World Health Organization (WHO) stated that while some observational studies suggest a potential link between prenatal exposure to acetaminophen and autism, the evidence is inconsistent, and multiple studies have not found such a connection [6]. - The European Medicines Agency has not found any evidence linking Tylenol use during pregnancy to autism, asserting that current recommendations regarding its use remain unchanged [7]. Group 3: Expert Opinions - Medical experts acknowledge that autism is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with rising global prevalence, currently estimated at around 1%, with significant increases in reported cases over the past two decades [7][8]. - Experts advise that while acetaminophen may carry risks, it remains a primary choice for pain relief during pregnancy, and pregnant women should consult healthcare professionals before using any over-the-counter medications [8].

Core Viewpoint - The recent statement by President Trump regarding the potential risk of acetaminophen (Tylenol) use during pregnancy and its association with autism has sparked significant discussion and concern in the medical community and among pharmaceutical companies [1][3]. Group 1: Company Responses - The manufacturer of Tylenol, after reviewing existing scientific evidence, maintains that acetaminophen does not cause autism, a view supported by credible public health and medical professionals [3]. - The company emphasizes the importance of consulting healthcare professionals before taking any over-the-counter medications during pregnancy [3][5]. Group 2: Regulatory and Scientific Perspectives - The FDA has been monitoring the topic for over a decade and has conducted multiple reviews since 2014, maintaining its recommendation for acetaminophen use during pregnancy without changing the drug's labeling information [3]. - The World Health Organization (WHO) stated that while some observational studies suggest a potential link between prenatal exposure to acetaminophen and autism, the existing evidence is inconsistent, with several studies finding no such association [4]. - The European Medicines Agency has not found any evidence linking Tylenol use during pregnancy to autism, and there is currently no need to modify existing recommendations in the EU [4]. Group 3: Medical Community Insights - Experts highlight that autism is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with rising global prevalence, currently estimated at about 1%, with significant increases observed in the U.S. from 1 in 150 in 2000 to 1 in 44 in 2020 [4][5]. - Medical professionals advise that while acetaminophen remains a primary choice for fever and pain relief during pregnancy, it is crucial to weigh the risks and benefits and to avoid unnecessary use [5].

Core Viewpoint - The safety controversy surrounding Tylenol (acetaminophen) has resurfaced, particularly regarding its use by pregnant women and its potential link to autism, following a statement from the U.S. government [2][4]. Group 1: Company Impact - Kenvue, the manufacturer of Tylenol, saw its stock price drop by 7.47% to a historic low following the government's warning [2][4]. - Kenvue maintains confidence in the safety of acetaminophen, asserting that existing scientific evidence does not support a link to autism [2][9]. - The company emphasizes that the FDA has reviewed the safety of acetaminophen during pregnancy multiple times over the past decade and continues to recommend its use [9][10]. Group 2: Scientific Debate - The warning from the Trump administration is based on a review study published in BMC Environmental Health, which suggests prenatal exposure to acetaminophen may interfere with fetal brain development [10][12]. - Contrarily, other studies, including a large-scale analysis from Sweden, found no causal relationship between acetaminophen use during pregnancy and autism or ADHD [13][14]. - Experts argue that the rise in autism diagnoses is partly due to increased awareness and broader definitions of the condition, rather than a direct link to acetaminophen [12][14]. Group 3: Medical Community Response - The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) refutes the claim that acetaminophen causes autism, stating that it is the only over-the-counter medication approved for treating fever during pregnancy [14][15]. - Medical professionals warn that untreated fever during pregnancy poses greater risks than the potential effects of acetaminophen [15][16]. - The FDA director has also clarified that there is no definitive causal relationship between acetaminophen and autism, reinforcing its status as the safest over-the-counter option during pregnancy [16].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the impact of President Trump's warning to pregnant women about the use of Tylenol (acetaminophen), linking it to autism, which led to a significant drop in Kenvue's stock price. However, medical professionals and Kenvue refute this claim, stating there is no scientific evidence supporting such a connection [2][3][7]. Group 1: Stock Market Reaction - Kenvue's stock price fell over 7% to a historical low of $32.57, resulting in a market capitalization of $32.567 billion (approximately 231.6 billion RMB) following Trump's warning [3]. - Following the backlash and lack of scientific support for Trump's claims, Kenvue's stock rebounded by over 5% in pre-market trading [2][3]. Group 2: Medical Community Response - Numerous doctors and Kenvue have stated that there is no scientific evidence linking acetaminophen to autism, emphasizing that such claims could endanger the health of pregnant women [2][7]. - The FDA has indicated that there is no clear evidence that appropriate use of acetaminophen during pregnancy leads to adverse outcomes [5]. Group 3: Research and Studies - A large-scale study published in 2024 analyzing data from nearly 2.5 million siblings in Sweden found no increased risk of autism in children whose mothers used acetaminophen during pregnancy [4]. - The article notes that the diagnosis rate of autism has significantly increased in the U.S., with 1 in 31 children diagnosed, compared to 1 in 150 in 2000, although the reasons for this rise remain unclear [6]. Group 4: Government and Pharmaceutical Company Actions - U.S. health officials are expected to issue warnings against the use of Tylenol during early pregnancy unless necessary, while also promoting a drug called Leucovorin as a potential treatment for autism [8]. - Kenvue has added a section on its website to address media reports, reiterating that there is no evidence linking acetaminophen to autism [7].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the challenges faced by children with autism in the education system in China, highlighting the need for better integration and support for these children in mainstream schools [3][4][10]. Group 1: Current Situation of Autism in Education - The prevalence of autism in China is estimated to be between 1% to 2%, affecting millions of children and their families [4][12]. - Many children with autism are either rejected from schools or face expulsion after enrollment, indicating systemic issues in accommodating their needs [3][4]. - Recent efforts in Guangzhou include establishing an "assessment-placement" support system for special needs children, aiming to improve their educational opportunities [4][12]. Group 2: Assessment and Support Mechanisms - A recent assessment of two autistic students led to their re-enrollment in a vocational school, demonstrating the potential for successful integration with appropriate support [7][8]. - The assessment process involved evaluating the children's social skills, emotional stability, and ability to live independently, which showed that they could thrive in a mainstream educational environment with the right support [8][9]. - There is a call for schools to adapt their educational standards to better accommodate the unique strengths and challenges of autistic students [9][10]. Group 3: Recommendations for Integration - The article emphasizes that integration should be a two-way process, requiring both autistic children and the educational system to adapt [10][12]. - Schools should provide necessary support, including training for teachers and creating a conducive learning environment for autistic students [12][13]. - A comprehensive, individualized intervention model is recommended, focusing on the unique needs of each child rather than a one-size-fits-all approach [15][16]. Group 4: Challenges and Future Directions - There is a disparity between the increasing number of autism specialists and the actual availability of effective, affordable interventions for families [16][17]. - The article highlights the need for a more robust support system for autistic individuals as they transition into adulthood, addressing gaps in medical and social services [16][17]. - The rising incidence of autism, coupled with a declining birth rate, poses challenges for special education resources, necessitating urgent attention to this issue [17].

Group 1 - The prevalence of autism among children in China has reached 1% to 2%, with the number of patients exceeding ten million, impacting over one hundred million people when considering families [1] - There are ongoing issues with schools rejecting or expelling children with autism, highlighting the need for better integration and support systems in education [1][2] - Guangzhou's education bureau is exploring a "assessment-placement" support system for special children, aiming to improve resource allocation and collaboration among medical, rehabilitation, educational, and social support systems [2] Group 2 - Recent evaluations of two autistic students who faced expulsion resulted in their re-enrollment, demonstrating the importance of proper assessment and support [4][5] - The evaluation process involved assessing social interaction, language skills, and emotional stability, indicating that many autistic children can thrive in mainstream education with appropriate support [5][6] - There is a call for schools to adapt their educational approaches to better accommodate autistic students, emphasizing that integration should be a mutual effort [7][10] Group 3 - The Guangzhou Health Commission is preparing to implement a tiered service plan for autism spectrum disorders, which aims to classify and provide differentiated interventions based on the severity of the condition [12] - There is a growing concern about the lack of qualified professionals in the field of autism intervention, leading to increased financial burdens on families seeking effective treatment [12][13] - The educational system faces challenges in providing adequate resources for both mainstream and special education, particularly as the incidence of autism rises while birth rates decline [13]