研究人员解释说，这项研究表明，欧洲夏季"被拉长"并非现代独有的现象，而是地球气候系统反复出现 的一种特征。不同的是，如今变化的速度和强度前所未有，这背后不仅有自然因素，也有人类活动的影 响。如果温室气体排放继续保持目前的水平，到2100年，仅是北极变暖影响，就会导致欧洲夏季增加的 天数多达42天。 研究人员认为，这一趋势将对欧洲的生态系统、农业和公共健康等带来多重压力。适应凉爽湿润环境的 生态系统将面临更大冲击，森林火灾、干旱以及与高温相关的健康风险将明显上升。研究人员强调，欧 洲天气演变与全球气候动力作用密不可分，深入了解过去是各方应对气候变化、规划未来适应和减缓战 略的重要基础。 研究人员分析了芬兰奥里韦西小镇瑙塔耶尔维湖的沉积序列。结果发现，约6000年前，欧洲曾经历数千 年中夏季最长的一段时期，每年持续近200天。当时，在自然因素驱动下，北极地区异常增温引发的大 气环流变化发挥了重要作用。 研究指出，纬向温度梯度——北极与赤道之间的温度差，有助于将强风从大西洋吹向欧洲，从而影响整 个欧洲大陆的天气系统。随着北极变暖速度接近全球平均水平的4倍，这一温度差正在减弱，高空气流 减缓，导致热浪持续时间更长，夏 ...

应中华人民共和国主席习近平邀请，汤加国王图普六世于2025年11月21日至27日对中国进行国事访问。 访问期间，中华人民共和国主席习近平会见图普六世国王，国务院总理李强、全国人民代表大会常务委 员会委员长赵乐际分别会见图普六世国王。双方就赓续中汤传统友谊、深化两国高质量共建"一带一 路"等务实合作及共同关心的国际和地区问题深入交换意见，达成广泛共识。 一、双方高度评价中汤建交27年来双边关系长足发展，一致认为新时代中汤关系进一步发展面临重要机 遇，将给两国人民带来更多福祉，有利于促进太平洋岛国地区的和平、稳定与发展，双方致力于深化中 汤相互尊重、共同发展的全面战略伙伴关系。 八、双方愿在平等互信、互惠互利基础上开展海洋合作。双方同意深化在海洋观测预报、海洋防灾减 灾、海洋生态系统保护修复、海洋空间规划和发展蓝色经济等领域的务实海洋合作，努力构建海洋命运 共同体。 九、双方一致认为，气候变化是全球性挑战，各国应坚持真正的多边主义，按照公平、共同但有区别的 责任和各自能力原则携手应对，共同推动《联合国气候变化框架公约》及其《巴黎协定》全面有效实 施。中方愿积极对接《汤加能源路线图》，在援助汤加风力发电项目成功合作 ...

Core Points - The article reports on the signing of a bilateral memorandum of understanding between Cuba and Brazil aimed at enhancing environmental protection cooperation [1] - The memorandum is valid for five years and can be automatically renewed, focusing on areas such as climate change, circular economy, biodiversity conservation, and ecosystem management [1] - The agreement includes activities like information exchange, expert visits, and joint meetings to deepen collaboration between the two countries [1] - The Cuban Minister of Science and Environment, Rodriguez, praised the meeting and the signing of the agreement, stating it will strengthen the friendship between the two nations [1]

当地时间11月22日，《联合国气候变化框架公约》（以下简称《公约》）第三十次缔约方大会 （COP30）在巴西贝伦落下帷幕。大会达成名为《全球动员 团结协作应对气候变化挑战》的政治文 件，展现了各方合作推进绿色低碳转型的决心。《公约》秘书处执行秘书西蒙·斯蒂尔表示，COP30的 成果证明全球气候合作仍充满活力，从化石能源向可再生能源转型、增强气候韧性的趋势不可阻挡，大 会为守护地球、应对气候变化注入信心与动力。 为《巴黎协定》持续落地提供路径 今年恰逢《巴黎协定》达成10周年，"落实"成为贯穿始终的关键词。大会通过的最终政治文件，涵盖减 缓和适应气候变化、气候融资、国际合作等多项议题，为《巴黎协定》持续落地提供了具体路径。斯蒂 尔在闭幕全体会议上强调，这次大会释放了国际社会通过合作应对气候变化的明确信号。大会闭幕前发 布了《COP30全球气候行动议程成果报告》。该"行动议程"包含117项"加速解决方案计划"，围绕能源 转型、生态保护、农业革新、基础设施韧性、社会发展及绿色融资六大主题，细化了30项关键目标，为 全球气候行动提供了可操作的实施框架。 气候适应是本次大会上备受各方关注的议题，气候适应资金的增加是大会 ...

当地时间11月22日，《联合国气候变化框架公约》（以下简称《公约》）第三十次缔约方大会 （COP30）在巴西贝伦落下帷幕。大会达成名为《全球动员团结协作应对气候变化挑战》的政治文件， 展现了各方合作推进绿色低碳转型的决心。《公约》秘书处执行秘书西蒙·斯蒂尔表示，COP30的成果 证明全球气候合作仍充满活力，从化石能源向可再生能源转型、增强气候韧性的趋势不可阻挡，大会为 守护地球、应对气候变化注入信心与动力。 为《巴黎协定》持续落地提供路径 今年恰逢《巴黎协定》达成10周年，"落实"成为贯穿始终的关键词。大会通过的最终政治文件，涵盖减 缓和适应气候变化、气候融资、国际合作等多项议题，为《巴黎协定》持续落地提供了具体路径。斯蒂 尔在闭幕全体会议上强调，这次大会释放了国际社会通过合作应对气候变化的明确信号。大会闭幕前发 布了《COP30全球气候行动议程成果报告》。该"行动议程"包含117项"加速解决方案计划"，围绕能源 转型、生态保护、农业革新、基础设施韧性、社会发展及绿色融资六大主题，细化了30项关键目标，为 全球气候行动提供了可操作的实施框架。 中国生态环境部部长黄润秋在大会期间表示，气候变化是全人类共同面临的 ...

Core Points - The COP30 conference concluded in Belem, Brazil, with a political document titled "Global Mobilization and Collaborative Action to Address Climate Change Challenges," demonstrating a commitment to green and low-carbon transformation [1][2] - The conference emphasized the importance of international cooperation in climate action, releasing a report with 117 "Accelerated Solutions Plans" across six key themes [2][3] - A significant outcome was the commitment from developed countries to double climate adaptation funding for developing nations by 2025 compared to 2019 levels, with a further doubling by 2035 [2][4] Group 1 - The final political document of COP30 provides specific pathways for the implementation of the Paris Agreement, focusing on mitigation, adaptation, climate financing, and international cooperation [2][4] - The conference established 59 "Global Adaptation Goal Indicators" to create a more diverse climate action assessment system, moving beyond traditional carbon emission metrics [3] - The conference highlighted the need for a $1 trillion investment in clean energy and grid infrastructure, which is expected to inject new momentum into the global economy and improve the quality of life for millions [3][6] Group 2 - Over 120 countries have submitted new national contributions, with 194 parties recognizing the core role of the Paris Agreement and committing to accelerate action [4][5] - The inclusion of trade issues in the conference outcomes emphasizes the need for sustainable development in developing countries, avoiding unilateral actions that create trade discrimination [5] - China's initiatives at COP30, including the launch of a carbon trading market alliance and a flagship project for South-South cooperation, received widespread international acclaim [6][7] Group 3 - China's achievements in green and low-carbon transformation are notable, with wind and solar power capacity exceeding 1.69 billion kilowatts, three times that of 2020 [7] - The emphasis on multilateralism and the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities was reinforced, with mechanisms established to oppose unilateral measures [7][8] - China's leadership in renewable energy and its commitment to sustainable development are recognized as vital contributions to global climate governance [8]

Core Points - COP30 concluded with the adoption of the "Global Mobilization: United Cooperation to Address Climate Change Challenges" overall agreement, which mandates wealthy countries to double their climate funding to developing nations by 2035 [1][2] - The agreement aims to provide $1.3 trillion annually to developing countries by 2035, with adaptation funding increasing from $40 billion to $120 billion per year [2][7] - A significant controversy arose from the omission of direct references to "fossil fuels" in the final text, which left many participants disappointed [2][11] Funding and Financial Mechanisms - The overall agreement sets a target of mobilizing at least $300 billion annually for climate action [2][7] - The establishment of a loss and damage fund was discussed, but specific operational details remain unclear [7][8] - The challenge of attracting private capital for climate funding persists, as a significant portion of required funding relies on social capital [8][9] International Cooperation and Agreements - The "Carbon Emission Trading Market Open Alliance" was initiated by China, the EU, and Brazil, aiming to create a cooperative framework for carbon pricing and emissions trading [1][3] - The "Just Transition Work Program" was established, reflecting a strong consensus among parties to create mechanisms for equitable transitions [3][5] - The COP30 emphasized the importance of multilateralism and international cooperation in addressing climate change, despite geopolitical tensions [6][7] Challenges and Future Directions - The global energy structure remains heavily reliant on fossil fuels, particularly in developing countries, complicating the transition to renewable energy [12][13] - The ambitious goal of tripling renewable energy capacity set at COP28 faces significant obstacles, with many countries lagging behind [12][13] - The upcoming global conference in Colombia aims to advance the roadmap for phasing out fossil fuels, highlighting ongoing efforts despite setbacks at COP30 [11][12]

中国政府高度重视本次会议。习近平主席特别代表、中共中央政治局常委、国务院副总理丁薛祥出席峰 会并致辞，提出把握正确方向、落实气候行动、深化开放合作3点建议，为大会奠定积极基调。中国代 表团全面深度参与各议题谈判和磋商，努力推动大会达成积极成果。大会成果文件提出"力争做得更 好"，成为全球气候治理未来十年最重要的政治信号，这句话正是源于习近平主席在联合国气候变化峰 会上的表述。 中方将与各方一道全面落实本次会议成果，推动全球合作应对气候变化，共建清洁美丽的世界。(完) 来源：中国新闻网 编辑：徐世明 外交部：中方将与各方一道全面落实COP30成果 中新网北京11月24日电 (记者 谢雁冰)中国外交部发言人毛宁24日主持例行记者会。 有记者提问：据报道，《联合国气候变化框架公约》第三十次缔约方大会(COP30)于近日闭幕，达成贝 伦一揽子政治成果。各国同意采取措施加快实施气候行动，审查相关贸易壁垒，并敦促发达国家加大力 度向发展中国家提供气候适应资金。联合国秘书长古特雷斯也发表声明赞赏COP30大会取得成果。中方 对此有何评论？ 毛宁：11月22日，《联合国气候变化框架公约》第三十次缔约方大会(COP30)在巴西 ...

Core Viewpoint - The 30th United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP30) concluded in Belem, Brazil, amidst significant political pressure and global expectations, focusing on key issues such as funding, energy transition, trade, and international cooperation [1][3]. Group 1: U.S. Absence and Its Impact - The absence of the U.S. federal government at COP30 marked a historic moment, raising concerns about the future of global climate governance [3][6]. - The lack of U.S. representation has created challenges in funding negotiations and political coordination among developed countries, particularly affecting financial commitments to developing nations [7][20]. - Despite the absence of federal representatives, many local government and business leaders from the U.S. attended, indicating a division in U.S. domestic opinion on climate change [8][9]. Group 2: Energy Transition and NDCs - The conference emphasized the importance of energy transition, with over 120 countries submitting new Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) ahead of the 2035 deadline [12][15]. - China advocates for maintaining the UAE consensus on energy transition, opposing new, separate roadmaps that do not consider renewable energy development [13][14]. - China's ambitious targets include a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 7%-10% from peak levels by 2035 and increasing non-fossil energy consumption to over 30% [15][16]. Group 3: Trade Issues and Funding Challenges - Development countries united in opposition to unilateral trade measures proposed by developed nations, particularly the EU's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) [17][18]. - Funding remains a critical issue, with developing countries urgently needing financial support to address climate change, as mandated by the Paris Agreement [20]. - The COP30 outcomes included a commitment to double adaptation funding by 2025 and at least triple it by 2035, urging developed nations to fulfill their financial obligations [20][21].

Core Insights - The COP30 climate conference in Belem, Brazil, concluded with a "voluntary political document" after extended negotiations, failing to achieve expected goals due to differing demands from participating countries [1][2] - The final document titled "Global Mobilization: Unity and Cooperation to Address Climate Change Challenges" aims to promote the implementation of the Paris Agreement, covering aspects such as mitigation, adaptation, funding, and international cooperation [1][3] Group 1: Conference Outcomes - The conference did not reach consensus on phasing out fossil fuels, which disappointed some environmental organizations in Brazil [1][2] - Developed countries agreed to triple climate financial aid to developing nations, committing to provide $120 billion annually starting in 2035 to address damages from global warming [2] Group 2: Negotiation Dynamics - Tensions during negotiations were high, with Colombia's representative strongly opposing a climate document that disregarded scientific evidence, labeling it as ineffective [2] - Over 80 countries, led by the UK, France, and Colombia, advocated for a transition plan from fossil fuels based on resolutions from COP28, facing strong opposition from major oil-producing countries like Saudi Arabia and Russia [2] Group 3: Global Climate Diplomacy - COP30 marked the first formal acknowledgment of the significant risk of a 1.5-degree Celsius global temperature rise, despite criticisms of the conference's limited outcomes [3] - The conference was seen as a test of globalization and multilateralism, with the ability to reach a consensus document indicating a glimmer of hope for global climate diplomacy [3] - UN Secretary-General António Guterres emphasized that the political document reflects a collective commitment to tackle challenges that cannot be addressed individually [3]