Core Viewpoint - The People's Bank of China and seven other departments have issued a new regulatory document that tightens the oversight of virtual currencies and stablecoins, indicating a clear stance on preventing new financial risks [1][2]. Group 1: Policy Background - China's regulatory stance on virtual currencies has been consistent since 2013, with various announcements aimed at preventing risks associated with cryptocurrencies [2]. - The 2021 "Document No. 237" marked a new phase in regulation, explicitly stating that cryptocurrencies do not have legal tender status and that related activities are illegal [2]. - In 2025, as trading activities increased, regulatory bodies reiterated their commitment to combatting virtual currency trading and related illegal activities, leading to the issuance of the new notification [2]. Group 2: Stablecoin Concept - Stablecoins are cryptocurrencies designed to maintain price stability by being pegged to fiat currencies, precious metals, or a basket of assets [3]. - They are often issued by centralized entities, with examples including USDT and USDC, which claim to be backed by equivalent reserves [3][4]. - The total market capitalization of stablecoins has surpassed $250 billion, with over 90% being dollar-pegged, and they account for 48% of daily trading volume in the cryptocurrency market [4]. Group 3: Document Structure - The new notification consists of six parts and nineteen articles, reiterating the framework established in the 2021 document [5]. - It emphasizes that virtual currencies do not have the same legal status as fiat currencies and cannot be circulated as such [5]. - The document outlines mechanisms for risk monitoring, intermediary regulation, and the prohibition of virtual currency mining activities [5]. Group 4: Regulatory Focus - The new notification includes four main revisions: enhancing regulatory requirements for virtual currencies, establishing a regulatory framework for Real World Asset (RWA) tokenization, addressing virtual currency mining, and combating illegal activities [6]. - It reaffirms the prohibition of virtual currencies and restricts the issuance of stablecoins pegged to the yuan without approval [6][7]. Group 5: Policy Interpretation and Impact - The notification reflects a heightened vigilance towards the risks associated with virtual currencies and related activities, particularly in light of recent market speculation [8]. - It signals a commitment to maintaining a strict prohibition on virtual currencies, preventing cross-border risk transmission, and safeguarding monetary sovereignty [9]. - The regulatory measures may lead to a shift of related activities outside of China, while demand may pivot towards stablecoins pegged to other fiat currencies [9].

Core Viewpoint - The People's Bank of China and eight ministries issued Document No. 42, reinforcing strict regulations on virtual currencies, including cryptocurrencies, stablecoins, and Real World Asset (RWA) tokenization, marking a significant step in establishing a regulatory framework for virtual assets in mainland China [1][2][3]. Group 1: Regulatory Framework - Document No. 42 integrates cryptocurrencies, stablecoins, and RWA into a comprehensive regulatory framework, addressing previous regulatory gaps and providing clear legal guidelines for virtual asset activities [2][5]. - The document establishes a clear distinction between different types of virtual assets, indicating a shift from a blanket prohibition to a more nuanced regulatory approach [23][26]. Group 2: Historical Context - The regulatory history includes significant milestones such as the "94 Announcement" in September 2017, which banned Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs), and the "924 Notice" in September 2021, which classified virtual currencies as illegal financial activities [4][5]. - The regulatory landscape has evolved from a patchwork of prohibitions to a more structured framework with the introduction of Document No. 42, which clarifies the status of stablecoins and RWA [5][23]. Group 3: Key Provisions of Document No. 42 - The document categorizes virtual currencies as illegal financial activities, prohibiting any form of exchange or trading within mainland China [6][7][8]. - Stablecoins are subject to a "dynamic assessment" regulatory principle, allowing for potential future issuance under strict conditions [9][10][11]. - RWA tokenization is defined and regulated, with specific guidelines for activities involving the tokenization of real-world assets, emphasizing the need for compliance with existing financial regulations [12][14][17]. Group 4: Implications for the Industry - The establishment of a regulatory framework is expected to foster innovation in the virtual asset space, particularly in the tokenization of real-world assets, while maintaining strict controls to prevent illegal financial activities [23][26]. - The regulatory approach aims to leverage blockchain technology to enhance the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of financial transactions, potentially revitalizing traditional finance and the real economy [26].

| 银发 | | --- | 〔2026〕42号 各省、自治区、直辖市人民政府，新疆生产建设兵团： 近期，虚拟货币、现实世界资产（RWA）代币化相关投机炒作活动时有发生，扰乱经济金融秩序，危 害人民群众财产安全。为进一步防范和处置虚拟货币、现实世界资产代币化相关风险，切实维护国家安 全和社会稳定，依据《中华人民共和国中国人民银行法》、《中华人民共和国商业银行法》、《中华人 民共和国证券法》、《中华人民共和国证券投资基金法》、《中华人民共和国期货和衍生品法》、《中 华人民共和国网络安全法》、《中华人民共和国人民币管理条例》、《防范和处置非法集资条例》、 《中华人民共和国外汇管理条例》、《中华人民共和国电信条例》等规定，经与中央网信办、最高人民 法院、最高人民检察院达成一致，并经国务院同意，现就有关事项通知如下： 一、明确虚拟货币、现实世界资产代币化和相关业务活动本质属性 （一）虚拟货币不具有与法定货币等同的法律地位。比特币、以太币、泰达币等虚拟货币具有非货币当 局发行、使用加密技术及分布式账本或类似技术、以数字化形式存在等主要特点，不具有法偿性，不应 且不能作为货币在市场上流通使用。 虚拟货币相关业务活动属于非 ...

央行说的虚拟货币，不是由国家货币当局发行的，它是用了加密技术，以数字形式存在的所谓"资产"， 它并没有法定货币的地位，不能像人民币一样在市场上正常流通使用，也不被国家承认。我们可能听过 像比特币、以太币、泰达币，这些就属于虚拟货币，不能作为货币在市场上流通使用。 对挂钩人民币的稳定币做出明确规定 境内主体不得在境外发行虚拟货币 由于虚拟货币依托区块链的技术，支持点对点交易，突破物理上的"国境"概念，相关风险极易跨境传 导。对此，《通知》首次明确，未经相关部门依法依规同意，境内主体及其控制的境外主体不得在境外 发行虚拟货币。 央视网消息：2月6日，中国人民银行、中国证监会等八部门联合发布《关于进一步防范和处置虚拟货币 等相关风险的通知》，明确虚拟货币不具有与法定货币等同的法律地位，境内对虚拟货币坚持禁止性政 策。近年来，虚拟货币等炒作交易活动变换马甲、更新套路，不断将黑手伸向百姓"钱袋子"。这次发布 的通知，八部门"攥指成拳"加强监管，合力遏制虚拟货币等风险。 通知规定：在境内开展法定货币与虚拟货币兑换业务、虚拟货币之间的兑换业务、作为中央对手方买卖 虚拟货币、为虚拟货币交易提供信息中介和定价服务等非法金融活动 ...

Core Viewpoint - China's top financial regulators have significantly expanded the existing crypto ban, specifically targeting stablecoin issuances and the tokenization of real-world assets, marking the most aggressive tightening of capital controls since the 2021 prohibition on Bitcoin mining and trading [1][2]. Regulatory Actions - The joint notice was released on February 6 by eight agencies, including the People's Bank of China and the China Securities Regulatory Commission [1]. - New rules prohibit foreign entities from offering stablecoin or tokenization services to Chinese residents, addressing a surge in virtual asset activities perceived as a threat to financial stability [2]. Offshore Loophole Closure - The crackdown targets the "offshore loophole" by banning domestic firms and their overseas branches from issuing digital currencies without explicit government approval [3]. - The People's Bank of China emphasized that stablecoins, especially those pegged to fiat currencies, possess attributes of sovereign money [3]. Financial Control and Compliance - Authorities argue that private digital assets undermine the state's control over the money supply and circumvent anti-money-laundering protocols [4]. - The notice specifically prohibits any entity from issuing Renminbi-pegged stablecoins abroad, seen as a defense of the e-CNY, China's official central bank digital currency [4]. Real-World Asset Tokenization - The directive also targets the $24 billion Real-World Asset (RWA) tokenization sector, reclassifying unauthorized tokenization as "illegal public security offerings" and "unauthorized futures business" [5][7]. - Activities related to RWA tokenization within China, including intermediary and IT services suspected of illegal token issuance, are prohibited [7]. Compliance and Oversight - The notice allows limited activities on government-approved financial infrastructure but requires firms pursuing tokenization abroad to meet heightened compliance standards and obtain domestic clearance [8]. - The central government plans to implement a collaborative framework for local and national oversight to enforce these measures [8].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the stringent regulatory measures imposed by multiple Chinese authorities on virtual currencies, marking a significant escalation in oversight and control over both domestic and cross-border activities related to cryptocurrencies [1][2]. Group 1: Regulatory Measures - On February 6, the People's Bank of China and eight other departments issued a notification emphasizing that activities related to virtual currencies are illegal financial activities [1]. - The notification explicitly prohibits any domestic and foreign entities or individuals from issuing stablecoins pegged to the Chinese yuan abroad [2]. Group 2: Impact on the Market - This regulatory upgrade is described as the "strictest ever," effectively blocking domestic virtual currency operations and extending control to overseas issuance [2]. - The new regulations are expected to disrupt the entire supply chain of stablecoin issuance, circulation, and trading, particularly affecting those stablecoins that are already in existence and lack compliance [2]. - There is a concern that these stablecoins could facilitate illegal cross-border fund transfers, potentially impacting China's currency circulation order and foreign exchange management [2].

Core Viewpoint - The People's Bank of China and seven other regulatory bodies issued a notification to strengthen the regulation of virtual currencies and Real World Asset (RWA) tokenization activities, emphasizing a strict prohibition on RWA tokenization within the country and stringent controls on overseas activities [1][2][3]. Group 1: Regulatory Framework - The notification defines RWA tokenization as the conversion of asset ownership and rights into tokens using cryptographic technology and distributed ledger technology [4]. - It reiterates that virtual currencies do not have the same legal status as fiat currencies and that any related activities within the country are illegal [3][4]. - The notification emphasizes that no entity or individual may provide virtual currency services to domestic subjects in any form [3][5]. Group 2: Prohibition and Compliance - The notification prohibits RWA tokenization activities and related intermediary services within the country, categorizing them as illegal financial activities [4][6]. - It specifies that domestic entities and their overseas counterparts cannot engage in RWA tokenization or asset securitization based on domestic rights without prior approval from relevant authorities [6][8]. - Financial institutions and intermediaries are barred from providing services for unauthorized RWA tokenization activities [7][8]. Group 3: International Considerations - The notification highlights the risks associated with virtual currencies, including money laundering and fraud, and stresses the need for strict controls on cross-border activities [5][6]. - It states that any issuance of stablecoins linked to the Chinese yuan outside the country requires prior approval [5][6]. Group 4: Implementation and Enforcement - The China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) issued guidelines to ensure compliance with the notification, requiring domestic enterprises to file reports before engaging in overseas RWA tokenization [8]. - The notification mandates that any related activities must adhere to existing laws and regulations regarding cross-border investment and data security [8][9]. - Regulatory bodies will intensify efforts to combat illegal financial activities related to RWA tokenization and virtual currencies [9].

Core Viewpoint - The recent notice issued by eight Chinese regulatory bodies emphasizes that all virtual currency-related activities are illegal financial activities within China, aiming to curb speculation in virtual currencies and the tokenization of real-world assets (RWA) [1][2]. Group 1: Virtual Currency Regulations - Virtual currencies do not have the same legal status as fiat currencies and cannot be used for market circulation [2]. - All activities related to virtual currencies, including exchanges between fiat and virtual currencies, trading of virtual currencies, and issuance of tokens, are strictly prohibited [2][4]. - The notice highlights the cross-border risks associated with virtual currencies due to their reliance on blockchain technology [2]. Group 2: Stablecoin Regulations - The notice specifies that stablecoins pegged to fiat currencies are considered to perform some functions of legal tender and cannot be issued abroad without regulatory approval [3]. Group 3: RWA Tokenization - RWA tokenization is defined as converting ownership and income rights of assets into tokens using encryption and distributed ledger technology [4]. - Activities related to RWA tokenization, including providing intermediary and technical services, are deemed illegal financial activities unless approved by regulatory authorities [4][5]. Group 4: Mining Activities - The notice mandates strict control over virtual currency mining activities, including shutting down existing projects and prohibiting the establishment of new mining operations [6].

Core Viewpoint - The recent notification issued by the People's Bank of China and eight other departments emphasizes that virtual currency and tokenization of real-world assets (RWA) are illegal financial activities, aiming to prevent risks and maintain national security and social stability [1][2][9]. Group 1: Virtual Currency Regulations - Virtual currencies do not have the same legal status as fiat currencies and should not be circulated in the market [1][2]. - The notification prohibits any domestic entity or individual from issuing stablecoins pegged to the Renminbi without approval from relevant authorities [1][9]. - Financial institutions are barred from providing services related to virtual currencies, including account opening, fund transfers, and the issuance of financial products [6][9]. Group 2: RWA Tokenization Regulations - The notification defines RWA tokenization and states that conducting RWA-related activities domestically is considered illegal financial activity [4][5]. - Any intermediary or technical services related to RWA tokenization without approval are also deemed illegal [5][6]. - The notification emphasizes that foreign entities must not provide RWA tokenization services to domestic subjects [5][9]. Group 3: Enforcement and Compliance - The notification outlines strict measures to shut down existing virtual currency mining projects and prohibits the establishment of new ones [1][5]. - It highlights the need for cross-departmental collaboration to monitor and manage risks associated with virtual currencies and RWAs [5][10]. - Violations of the notification will result in penalties, and criminal liability may be pursued for serious offenses [9][10]. Group 4: Public Awareness and Education - The notification calls for increased public education on the risks associated with virtual currencies and RWA tokenization [10]. - It encourages various departments and industry associations to raise awareness through legal interpretations and case studies [10].

Core Viewpoint - The recent notice issued by the People's Bank of China and eight other departments emphasizes that virtual currency and the tokenization of real-world assets (RWA) are illegal financial activities, aiming to prevent risks and maintain social stability [1][2][8]. Group 1: Virtual Currency Regulations - Virtual currencies do not have the same legal status as fiat currencies and should not be circulated as money in the market [1][2]. - The notice prohibits any domestic entity or individual from issuing stablecoins linked to the RMB without approval from relevant authorities [1][8]. - Financial institutions are barred from providing services related to virtual currencies, including account opening, fund transfers, and the issuance of related financial products [5][8]. Group 2: RWA Tokenization Regulations - The notice defines RWA tokenization as the conversion of ownership and income rights of assets into tokens using encryption and distributed ledger technology [4]. - Engaging in RWA tokenization activities within the country is considered illegal financial activity, including providing intermediary and technical services [4][5]. - Any foreign entity or individual is prohibited from providing RWA tokenization services to domestic subjects [4][5]. Group 3: Enforcement and Compliance - The notice emphasizes a high-pressure regulatory stance against illegal activities related to virtual currencies and RWA, with a focus on cross-departmental collaboration [5][9]. - Market supervision departments are tasked with managing the registration of business entities, ensuring that names and business scopes do not include terms related to virtual currencies or RWA [6]. - Violations of the notice will result in penalties, and criminal liability may be pursued for serious offenses [9].