生物多样性及风电和太阳能开 发中的负责任采购 概述和行动计划议程 克莱尔·弗莱彻，利昂·贝努恩，本·乔布森，劳拉·索纳特 ，露西·默瑞尔，瑞秋·阿桑特-奥苏，刘秋林 国际自然保护联盟 关于IUCN 国际自然保护联盟（IUCN）是一个独特的成员联盟，由政府组织和民间社会组织共同组 成。它为公共、私营和非政府组织提供知识和工具，使人类进步、经济发展和自然保护能 够协同进行。 成立于1948年，国际自然保护联盟（IUCN）现已成为全球最大且最多元化的环境保护网络， 整合了超过1400个会员组织和约17000名专家的知识、资源和影响力。它是保护数据、评估 和分析的主要提供者。其广泛的会员基础使IUCN能够承担孵化器和最佳实践、工具及国际标 准可信信息库的角色。 IUCN提供了一个中立的空间，让包括政府、非政府组织、科学家、企业、当地社区、原住民 组织等在内的多元利益相关者能够共同协作，制定并实施应对环境挑战的解决方案，以实现 可持续发展。通过与众多合作伙伴和支持者合作，IUCN在全球范围内实施了大量多样化且内 容丰富的保护项目。结合最新的科学知识与当地社区的传统文化知识，这些项目致力于扭转 栖息地丧失、恢复生态系统并 ...

Core Insights - The event "Green Certificate Entering the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area" was held in Shenzhen, where representatives from the National Energy Administration, international climate organizations, and local governments discussed the construction and internationalization of the green certificate market [1][3] - China's green certificate has been fully recognized by the global renewable energy consumption initiative RE100, with a signed agreement for a transaction of 40 billion kilowatt-hours of green electricity [1][4] - The 2024 Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Green Electricity Consumption Report indicates a remarkable growth in the region, with a transaction volume of 49.1 billion kilowatt-hours, a year-on-year increase of 1100% [1][10] Green Certificate Market Development - The green certificate system in China has rapidly developed since its implementation in 2017, establishing a comprehensive lifecycle management system for green certificates [5][7] - The RE100 initiative, which includes around 430 large companies committed to using 100% renewable electricity, has embraced China's green certificate system, enhancing its credibility and international recognition [7][8] - The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area has become a significant growth area for green electricity consumption, with transaction volumes expected to reach 78 billion kilowatt-hours in the first quarter of 2025, a 1600% increase year-on-year [10][11] Cross-Border Cooperation and Market Activity - Cross-border green certificate transactions have gained momentum, with Hong Kong and Macau users purchasing 400,000 certificates (equivalent to 400 million kilowatt-hours) since the start of cross-border trading in 2023 [1][11] - Shenzhen leads the region in green electricity consumption, with a total of 12.7 billion kilowatt-hours, while Guangzhou, Dongguan, and Huizhou also contribute significantly to the overall consumption [11][13] - The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao region's green certificate market is highly active, with the Guangzhou Electric Power Trading Center accounting for three-quarters of the national green certificate transactions [11][13] Future Prospects and Recommendations - Experts suggest that the international recognition of China's green certificate should be pursued in stages, leveraging the Belt and Road Initiative to promote acceptance in neighboring countries and align with European and American market rules [8] - The establishment of a monitoring and early warning mechanism for cross-provincial green certificate trading is recommended to facilitate a more unified national market [18] - The market is currently influenced by energy consumption control policies, which may create barriers to inter-provincial trading, impacting the overall market dynamics [18]

导语 ：西班牙上周的全国性停电事件突显了其系统中潜在的脆弱性，这为其他国家提供了借鉴 意义。随着快速的电气化和向清洁能源的转型，对全球电网提出了新的要求。 根据彭博新能源财经的一项分析，西班牙在电网投资相对于可再生能源投资方面落后于其他欧洲国 家。过去五年间，西班牙的太阳能发电能力增长超过一倍，常常出现发电量远超需求的情况。然 而，西班牙的大部分电网设备是在数十年前安装和建造的，早于太阳能的广泛应用。 向可再生能源的转型带来了特殊挑战。太阳能和风能的供给具有间歇性，必须进行精细管理，而以 可再生能源为主的电网需要额外措施来维持稳定。加剧这一挑战的是，西班牙是一个"电力孤岛"， 缺乏能够在电网发生问题时帮助其他国家稳定系统的跨境输电线路。 当局仍在追寻周一这一前所未有的停电事故的原因，而电网运营方提供的有限解释使得难以确定这 些风险是否以及如何导致了这次故障。然而，作为第一个发生大规模停电的严重依赖可再生能源的 欧洲国家，调查结果将为整个地区乃至世界各国提供重要的经验教训。 西班牙的危机只是近年来从德克萨斯到智利一系列重大电力中断事件中的最新一例。随着世界上越 来越多的能源依赖于电力，无论是用于汽车、家庭供暖还 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights China's dominant position in the renewable energy sector, particularly in the Philippines, where Chinese companies are winning contracts for wind power projects despite geopolitical tensions with the U.S. [1][4][5] Group 1: China's Competitive Advantage - Chinese clean technology products, such as wind turbines and solar panels, are significantly cheaper than those from Europe and the U.S., making them attractive to countries like the Philippines [1][4] - China holds a leading global position in clean technology manufacturing, producing more solar panels, wind turbines, and electric vehicles than the rest of the world combined, with a 90% market share in key components of the solar supply chain [4][5] Group 2: U.S. Policy Impact - The U.S. has reduced subsidies for renewable energy and imposed high tariffs on solar manufacturers from Southeast Asia, which has inadvertently strengthened China's influence in the region [5][7] - The shift in U.S. policy has led to a perception that the U.S. is no longer a reliable economic and security partner, pushing countries like the Philippines to rely more on China for renewable energy solutions [2][5] Group 3: Philippines' Renewable Energy Goals - The Philippine government aims to increase the share of renewable energy from 22% to 35% by 2035 to ensure energy security amid extreme weather risks [7] - Despite previous concerns over national security regarding Chinese investments, Philippine officials acknowledge the necessity of Chinese suppliers for affordable solar panels and wind turbines [8]

Core Viewpoint - The company reported its 2024 annual results and Q1 2025 results, showing a mixed performance with revenue growth but a decline in net profit for 2024. The increase in revenue is attributed to the growth in the photovoltaic conductive paste market driven by renewable energy transition and technological upgrades in N-type battery technology [1][2]. Financial Performance - In 2024, the company achieved operating revenue of 12.488 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 21.35%. However, the net profit attributable to shareholders was 418 million yuan, a decrease of 5.45%. The net profit excluding non-recurring items was 406 million yuan, an increase of 2.52% [1]. - For Q1 2025, the company reported operating revenue of 2.994 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 1.38%. The net profit attributable to shareholders was 90 million yuan, an increase of 18.24%, while the net profit excluding non-recurring items was 89 million yuan, an increase of 5.90% [1]. Product and Market Development - The company's main product, photovoltaic conductive paste, generated revenue of 12.321 billion yuan in 2024, reflecting a year-on-year increase of 20.75%. The total shipment of photovoltaic conductive paste reached 2024 tons, with N-type conductive paste accounting for 1,576 tons, representing 77.87% of the total shipments [1]. - The company is investing 1.2 billion yuan to establish a "high-end photovoltaic electronic materials base project" in Changzhou, which will enable large-scale production of electronic-grade metal powders. Additionally, a 300 million yuan investment is planned for a "special electronic functional materials factory and R&D center" [2]. Innovation and Future Growth - The company has pioneered the production of copper paste products for the photovoltaic sector, including pure copper paste and silver-coated copper paste, which significantly reduce battery metallization costs and fragment rates. These products have shown excellent performance in reliability tests and are expected to achieve large-scale shipments, providing new growth momentum for the industry [2]. - Profit forecasts for the company indicate expected net profits of 499 million yuan, 607 million yuan, and 747 million yuan for 2025, 2026, and 2027, respectively, with corresponding EPS of 2.06, 2.51, and 3.09 yuan, and PE ratios of 15.50, 12.74, and 10.36 times [2].

Core Points - A massive power outage occurred in Spain and Portugal on April 28, affecting over 50 million people on the Iberian Peninsula, disrupting key sectors such as transportation, communication, and healthcare [2][3] - The outage was triggered by a sudden loss of 15 GW of power, equivalent to 60% of Spain's electricity demand at that time, leading to significant disruptions in major cities [3][6] - The incident has raised concerns about the vulnerability of the European power grid and the reliability of renewable energy sources, particularly in Spain, which has a high reliance on wind and solar energy [8][9] Group 1: Incident Details - The power outage began at 12:33 PM, with a rapid loss of 15 GW of generation capacity within 5 seconds, an unprecedented event [3] - Major cities like Madrid and Lisbon experienced extensive blackouts, with Madrid's power outage lasting over 6 hours and affecting transportation systems, including rail and air travel [3][4] - The situation led to chaos, with people rushing to supermarkets for supplies and traffic signals failing, causing accidents [4][5] Group 2: Causes and Implications - Initial assessments suggest that extreme temperature fluctuations in Spain may have caused abnormal oscillations in high-voltage lines, contributing to the grid failure [6][8] - Experts indicate that Spain's heavy reliance on renewable energy, combined with limited interconnections with neighboring countries, makes the grid more susceptible to disturbances [7][8] - The incident has sparked debates about the pace of renewable energy transition and the need for investment in grid stability and infrastructure modernization across Europe [9]

（图片来源：路透） 周一，欧洲南部遭遇严重的大规模停电事件，西班牙政府宣布紧急状态，交通瘫痪、通信中断，数万人被困，随着夜幕降临整个国家陷入黑暗。 当地时间周一中午12:35左右，西班牙和葡萄牙大部分地区突然大面积停电，这次停电事件波及整个伊比利亚半岛，甚至影响到了法国部分地区。 据西班牙电网运营商Red Eléctrica报告，在短短5秒钟内，约15吉瓦的发电能力突然消失，相当于当时全国电力需求的60%。 （图片来源：路透） 在电网瘫痪超过11小时后，西班牙总理佩德罗·桑切斯在当地时间晚上11点的宣布，电力仅恢复了全国的一半地区，并宣布进入紧急状态。 Red Eléctrica表示，截至当地时间晚上10:30，电网仅满足了近一半的需求，部分依靠来自法国的电力供应。约三分之二的变电站恢复了运行，电力公司承诺 将"逐步增加"供电直至恢复正常水平。 葡萄牙电网运营商REN则警告， 整个系统的完全恢复可能需要长达一周的时间。 如此大规模的停电在欧洲并不常见。2003年，意大利和瑞士之间的一条水力发电站线路出现故障，导致整个意大利半岛停电约12小时。2006年，德国电网超 负荷，导致欧洲部分地区乃至远至摩洛哥的电力中 ...

当地时间周一中午12:35左右，西班牙和葡萄牙大部分地区突然大面积停电，这次停电事件波及整个伊比利亚半岛，甚至影响到了法国部分地区。 据西班牙电网运营商Red Eléctrica报告，在短短5秒钟内，约15吉瓦的发电能力突然消失，相当于当时全国电力需求的60%。 （图片来源：路透） 周一，欧洲南部遭遇严重的大规模停电事件，西班牙政府宣布紧急状态，交通瘫痪、通信中断，数万人被困，随着夜幕降临整个国家陷入黑暗。 在电网瘫痪超过11小时后，西班牙总理佩德罗·桑切斯在当地时间晚上11点的宣布，电力仅恢复了全国的一半地区，并宣布进入紧急状态。 Red Eléctrica表示，截至当地时间晚上10:30，电网仅满足了近一半的需求，部分依靠来自法国的电力供应。约三分之二的变电站恢复了运行，电 力公司承诺将"逐步增加"供电直至恢复正常水平。 葡萄牙电网运营商REN则警告，整个系统的完全恢复可能需要长达一周的时间。 如此大规模的停电在欧洲并不常见。2003年，意大利和瑞士之间的一条水力发电站线路出现故障，导致整个意大利半岛停电约12小时。2006年， 德国电网超负荷，导致欧洲部分地区乃至远至摩洛哥的电力中断。 对于停电原因，官 ...

Group 1 - Saudi Arabia is a major player in the global energy landscape, being the largest oil exporter and the second-largest oil producer, while also ranking among the top ten natural gas producers [1] - The "Vision 2030" initiative aims to diversify the economy, focusing on education reform, infrastructure improvement, business environment optimization, renewable energy transition, and government transparency [5][6] - China has become Saudi Arabia's largest trading partner since 2013, with Chinese companies increasingly looking to invest in the Saudi market [1][5] Group 2 - Chinese companies have opportunities in Saudi Arabia's energy transition, particularly in renewable energy projects, as the country aims for 50% of its energy to come from renewables by 2030 [5][6] - The NEOM project represents a significant opportunity for Chinese firms to engage in renewable energy construction and support services [6] - Despite the potential, challenges such as low market transparency and a shortage of skilled labor exist, which Chinese companies can help address [6][7] Group 3 - As of 2023, Chinese direct investment in Saudi Arabia reached $2.481 billion, with over 300 Chinese companies operating in various sectors [8] - The Saudi market presents risks, and companies should not view it as a completely open market; careful consideration of tax and regulatory changes is necessary [8][9] - The requirement for foreign companies to establish regional headquarters in Saudi Arabia may pose strategic challenges for Chinese investors [9][11] Group 4 - Chinese companies face a "new entrant disadvantage" in the Saudi market, including consumer sensitivity to quality and brand image [13] - To reshape market perception, Chinese firms must focus on high-quality product offerings and effective brand building [13][14] - Maintaining a strong brand image requires long-term commitment to quality and public relations efforts [14]