Core Insights - The trial operation of the Xicheng Jingwu Reclaimed Water Plant has enabled Shengli Power Plant to utilize nearly 10,000 cubic meters of reclaimed water daily, marking a significant step in water resource recycling for Shengli Oilfield [1] - The combined annual reclaimed water usage for Shengli Power Plant and Shengli Guodian (Dongying) Thermal Power Company is expected to reach 3.5 million cubic meters, which can replace an equal amount of water from the Yellow River [1] - The project aims to alleviate water resource pressure in the region, especially with the anticipated increase in water demand due to the accelerated construction of Guoneng (Dongying) power generation units [1] Water Resource Management - Shengli Power Plant and Shengli Guodian (Dongying) Thermal Power Company have a combined annual water consumption of 15 million cubic meters, primarily relying on Xin'an Reservoir and municipal water as backup sources [1] - The implementation of reclaimed water utilization is seen as a necessary solution to address water resource bottlenecks, in line with the "Four Waters and Four Determinations" principle [1][2] - The reclaimed water project, developed by Lucheng Water Affairs, Beikong Water Affairs, and Oil City Water Affairs, utilizes treated wastewater from the Xicheng South Sewage Treatment Plant, with a daily production capacity of 30,000 cubic meters [1][2] Quality and Efficiency - The reclaimed water's chloride ion content remains stable at around 20 mg/L, with multiple indicators surpassing conventional water sources, leading to reduced treatment costs for the power plant's boiler water [2] - The expected replacement of fresh water by Shengli Power Plant this year is approximately 1.5 million cubic meters, with future potential for surrounding power companies to utilize wastewater as a source for the reclaimed water plant [2] - The focus on optimizing water resource management in the Shengli Oilfield region includes promoting the reuse of unconventional water sources for enhanced efficiency in oilfield operations [2]

Core Insights - The article highlights the innovative wastewater treatment and recycling initiatives in Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, focusing on the Xu Kui New Area's efforts to transform industrial wastewater into reusable water resources [1][2][4] Group 1: Wastewater Treatment Innovations - Xu Kui New Area has implemented a smart water resource recycling system capable of processing nearly 100 cubic meters of wastewater per minute, significantly improving the efficiency of wastewater management [1] - The comprehensive wastewater treatment center has a capacity of 232,000 tons per day for wastewater treatment and 170,000 tons per day for centralized wastewater reuse, achieving a 70% recycling rate of wastewater in the park last year, equating to 18 million cubic meters [1][2] Group 2: Economic Benefits and Water Rights Trading - The establishment of a water rights trading mechanism allows companies to convert their recycled water quotas into quantifiable and tradable digital assets, addressing the issue of underutilization of recycled water by smaller enterprises [2] - In 2024 alone, this initiative is expected to save companies approximately 8.6 million yuan in costs associated with purchasing desalinated water [2] Group 3: Future Projects and Regional Development - A new 500 million yuan recycled water plant in the Linyang Industrial Park is set to have a daily processing capacity of 40,000 tons, providing 10.95 million cubic meters of recycled water annually to meet industrial demands [3] - Plans are underway for a 2 billion yuan project to construct a 10-kilometer pipeline network to supply recycled water to the port area, with an initial daily supply of 40,000 tons, expanding to 80,000 tons in the future [4] Group 4: Smart Water Management and Policy Support - The city has implemented a smart water management system that tracks unconventional water usage in real-time for 18 key water-consuming enterprises, enhancing the efficiency of water resource allocation and regulation [4] - The collaborative efforts between government policies and market mechanisms are driving the expansion of recycled water applications across various sectors, emphasizing the necessity of recycled water utilization [4]

Core Viewpoint - Shandong province has adopted a systematic approach to address river and lake governance challenges, focusing on "pollution co-governance, resource sharing, and ecological prosperity" to improve water quality and promote sustainable development [1] Group 1: Water Quality Improvement - The Yihe River has transformed from a polluted waterway to a scenic area, with local mineral water gaining popularity among tourists [3][4] - Significant efforts have been made since 2006 to control pollution sources, including shutting down over 290 outdated enterprises and implementing various ecological restoration projects [4] - A total of 231 water ecological protection and restoration projects have been implemented during the 14th Five-Year Plan, including the construction of over 120 artificial wetlands, enhancing the health of river and lake ecosystems [4][6] Group 2: Efficient Water Resource Utilization - Despite having several major rivers, Shandong faces a water scarcity issue, with per capita water resources at only 271 cubic meters, which is 12.9% of the national average [5][6] - The province has developed a "wastewater-reclaimed water-industrial water" recycling model, which has been promoted across 12 cities, achieving an annual reclaimed water utilization of over 1 billion cubic meters [6] Group 3: Green Economic Development - The integration of ecological resources in areas like the Bailu Bay Town has led to the development of a multi-industry cultural tourism model, attracting significant visitor numbers and generating revenue [7][8] - The ecological fishery development in the Xianshan Reservoir has produced over 2,000 tons of organic fish annually, creating jobs for around 12,000 local residents [8] - The governance of rivers and lakes in Shandong is increasingly linked with industrial development, forming a conversion pattern of "good water quality - beautiful scenery - economic value" [8]

Core Insights - Shandong has adopted a systematic approach to address river and lake governance challenges, focusing on "pollution co-governance, resource sharing, and ecological prosperity" [1] Group 1: Water Quality Improvement - The Yihe River has transformed from a heavily polluted waterway to a source of pride for local residents, now referred to as the "most beautiful hometown river" [3] - Since 2006, significant efforts have been made to control pollution sources, including shutting down over 290 outdated enterprises and more than 140 coal-fired boilers, leading to a shift towards "ecological industry + green manufacturing + industrial clusters" [2][3] Group 2: Water Resource Management - Despite having seven major rivers, Feicheng faces a water scarcity issue, with per capita water resources at only 271 cubic meters, which is 12.9% of the national average [6] - The city has implemented a water resource allocation system that integrates "saving, diverting, storing, and using," promoting a circular model of "wastewater - reclaimed water - industrial water" across 12 cities in the province, achieving an annual reclaimed water utilization of over 1 billion cubic meters [7] Group 3: Economic Development through Ecological Initiatives - The integration of river and lake governance with industrial development has led to a transformation where good water quality enhances economic value, exemplified by the production of high-value crops like rich-zinc apples and cherries, generating annual outputs of 30 billion and 1.39 billion respectively [9] - The Bai Lu Bay cultural tourism development in Rizhao has attracted nearly 600,000 visitors in 2024, generating revenue of 26.36 million, showcasing the potential of eco-tourism [8][9]

Core Insights - Yinchuan City is implementing market-oriented reforms to address water resource challenges, showcasing a successful transformation of wastewater into reusable water [1][2] - The city has developed a multi-faceted approach to utilize reclaimed water across various sectors, significantly improving water resource efficiency [2][3] Group 1: Water Resource Management - Yinchuan is located in a drought-prone area with an average annual rainfall of less than 200mm and per capita usable water resources below half the national average [2] - The city has expanded its reclaimed water network to 315 kilometers, achieving an annual ecological replenishment of 70 million cubic meters and a reclaimed water utilization rate exceeding 58% [2] Group 2: Reclaimed Water Projects - Two reclaimed water projects, the second and fourth wastewater treatment plants, were completed and began operations in July 2024, providing nearly 50,000 cubic meters of treated water daily for ecological replenishment [2] - These projects can supply 26 million cubic meters of ecological water annually, replacing an equivalent amount of Yellow River water for industrial use, generating an annual added value of 4.5 billion yuan [2] Group 3: Water Rights Trading - In May, Yinchuan conducted a pioneering water rights transaction, allowing the exchange of Yellow River water for reclaimed water, marking a significant step in water rights reform [3] - The transaction involved three leading new materials companies purchasing 500,000 cubic meters of water at a price of 0.728 yuan per cubic meter, totaling 1.092 million yuan [3] - Yinchuan has completed 100 water rights transactions, totaling 695 million cubic meters and exceeding 714 million yuan in transaction value, positioning it as a leader in Ningxia [3]

Core Viewpoint - Ningxia Yinchuan is utilizing market-oriented reforms to address water scarcity issues by transforming wastewater into reusable water, showcasing innovative water management practices in arid regions [1][3]. Group 1: Water Resource Management - Yinchuan is located in a dry region with an average annual rainfall of less than 200 millimeters and per capita available water resources less than half the national average [3]. - The city has developed a comprehensive approach to utilize reclaimed water for ecological replenishment, landscaping, industrial production, and road maintenance, enhancing water resource efficiency [3]. - Currently, five wastewater treatment plants in Yinchuan have the capacity to deliver reclaimed water, with a network extending 315 kilometers, achieving 70 million cubic meters of ecological replenishment annually and a reclaimed water utilization rate exceeding 58% [3]. Group 2: Reclaimed Water Projects - Yinchuan has initiated two reclaimed water projects, which are expected to be operational by July 2024, providing nearly 50,000 cubic meters of treated water daily for ecological replenishment, equating to 26 million cubic meters annually [3]. - These projects will serve as a secondary water source for the lower section of the Dingnong River, allowing for the replacement of an equivalent amount of Yellow River water for industrial use, generating an annual added value of 4.5 billion yuan [3]. Group 3: Water Rights Trading - In May, Yinchuan conducted a pioneering water rights trading transaction, where three leading new materials companies purchased 500,000 cubic meters of Yellow River water rights at a price of 0.728 yuan per cubic meter, totaling 1.092 million yuan [4]. - This transaction marks the first instance of ecological reclaimed water being used to replace water rights in China, establishing a scientific flow channel for water resources from "unidirectional consumption" to "circular value addition" [4]. - Yinchuan has completed 100 water rights transactions, totaling 695 million cubic meters and exceeding 714 million yuan in transaction value, leading in Ningxia and promoting a harmonious relationship between water and land [4].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the complexity of water usage in semiconductor manufacturing, highlighting that while fabs consume millions of gallons of water daily, much of it is recycled and reused within the facility, with actual consumption primarily occurring through evaporation in cooling systems [2][3][29]. Water Usage in Semiconductor Fabs - Water is essential for advanced chip architecture, lithography, and backend packaging, serving multiple roles including cooling and waste transport [2]. - The average daily water usage in semiconductor fabs can reach millions of gallons, with cooling towers being the primary source of water loss due to evaporation [2][4]. - In hot and arid regions, evaporation plays a dominant role in water loss, while in cooler climates, the loss is significantly lower [2][4]. Water Management Strategies - Fabs are increasingly implementing smarter wastewater classification, reuse, and heat recovery technologies to reduce water demand [2][5]. - The water intake for a large fab can be equivalent to the water usage of a city with a population of one million, but most of this water is treated and reused within the facility [3][4]. - The water system in modern fabs consists of interconnected cycles, where raw or recycled water is treated to become ultra-pure water (UPW) for wafer processing [4][5]. Reuse and Recycling - Water undergoes multiple usage cycles within the fab, with ultra-pure water typically used only once, while other water types are collected for reuse in less sensitive applications [5][12]. - Companies like UMC have achieved high water recovery rates, with UMC reporting an overall process water recovery rate of 84.3% [12][13]. - The use of recycled water is prioritized, with UMC's Singapore facility using approximately 97.6% recycled water in 2024 [13]. Infrastructure and Planning - Municipal water suppliers must demonstrate their capacity to meet long-term water needs for industrial projects, as seen in Phoenix, Arizona [3][7]. - Effective water management requires long-term planning and infrastructure development to support semiconductor manufacturing [7][8]. Challenges and Innovations - The purity of water is a critical factor that limits reuse; maintaining high purity levels is essential for advanced manufacturing processes [9][10]. - Digital twin technology is being utilized to optimize water and chemical flows, allowing for real-time monitoring and predictive maintenance [16][17]. - The industry faces challenges in measuring persistent chemicals at trillionth-level concentrations, which complicates water management strategies [26][27]. Conclusion - The key issue is not the volume of water used by fabs, but rather how much is recycled and how much is truly consumed, with evaporation being a significant factor in water balance [29]. - Effective water management strategies, including classification, routing, and monitoring, are essential for sustainable semiconductor manufacturing [29].

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the ecological restoration efforts along the Jialu River in Zhengzhou, emphasizing the importance of water quality and biodiversity in urban environments [1][3][11]. Group 1: Ecological Restoration Efforts - Zhengzhou has initiated comprehensive governance of the Jialu River, focusing on river channel remediation, ecological greening, and pollution control since 2016 [3][11]. - The city has implemented the "Jialu River Protection Regulations" and established a monitoring network for ecological and environmental data sharing [4][11]. - Over 110 kilometers of sewage interception pipelines have been laid along the riverbanks, along with the construction of several sewage treatment plants to ensure comprehensive sewage collection and treatment [4][11]. Group 2: Biodiversity and Water Quality - The Jialu River has been observed to host over 230 species of birds, indicating a rich biodiversity that reflects the health of the ecosystem [1][9]. - The water quality of the Jialu River has consistently maintained above Class IV, with specific monitoring points showing improvements from inferior Class V to Class IV, aiming for Class III by 2024 [9][11]. - The river's ecological restoration has led to the establishment of a natural ecological pattern, supporting various protected bird species and enhancing the overall environmental quality [9][11]. Group 3: Community Engagement and Economic Development - Community activities, such as bird watching events, have been organized to raise awareness about local biodiversity and engage youth in ecological education [1]. - The Jialu River is being developed as a key waterway for regional transportation, linking major cities and promoting the growth of port-related industries [8]. - The river's revitalization has transformed it into a popular recreational area for residents, contributing to the city's cultural and ecological landscape [5][11].

Core Viewpoint - The steel industry in China is undergoing a transformation towards high-end, intelligent, and green development, with a focus on efficient water resource management and industrial wastewater treatment as key challenges [1][3]. Group 1: Company Initiatives - Baogang Group has pioneered a "zero discharge" approach to industrial wastewater, turning pollution into a resource and setting a new benchmark for efficient water resource utilization in the steel industry [3][5]. - The total wastewater treatment project at Baogang is the first large-scale zero discharge project for concentrated saline wastewater in the domestic steel industry, capable of treating 350 cubic meters of wastewater per hour [3][5]. - 95% of the treated wastewater is converted into high-quality recycled water for core processes like iron smelting and steel rolling, reducing the consumption of new water from the Yellow River by nearly 3 million tons annually [5][7]. Group 2: Technological Innovations - The remaining 5% of high-concentration saline wastewater is transformed into high-purity sodium chloride and sodium sulfate crystals through evaporation and crystallization technology, re-entering the economic cycle as industrial raw materials [5][7]. - Baogang employs a chemical coagulation and sedimentation method for fluoride removal, achieving a fluoride concentration below 1.5 mg/L, resulting in an annual reduction of 112 tons of fluoride emissions [5][7]. Group 3: Industry Impact - Baogang's investment of nearly 10 billion yuan in ultra-low emission renovations and water management projects marks a shift from passive treatment to proactive recycling [7]. - The transformation from "wastewater" to "clean water" illustrates a successful model for cost reduction and efficiency improvement, providing a replicable green development model for the industry [7]. - The company emphasizes that water resource recycling is not an alternative but a necessary path for the future green development of the steel industry [7].