Core Viewpoint - The Chinese National Climate Center predicts that this winter will not be a "super cold winter," with temperatures expected to be close to or warmer than the historical average, but with significant fluctuations between cold and warm periods [1][2] Summary by Relevant Sections Temperature Predictions - The average winter temperature across China is expected to be near the historical average to slightly warmer, with notable phase characteristics indicating significant temperature swings [1] - The definition of a cold or warm winter requires that more than half of the meteorological observation stations meet the respective temperature standards [1] Historical Context - Since the 1990s, China has experienced six cold winters, all occurring before 2012 [1] - The occurrence of La Niña events typically correlates with a higher probability of lower temperatures in China during winter months from December to February [1] Influencing Factors - The current state of the equatorial eastern Pacific Ocean is cooler than the historical average, indicating a developing La Niña condition [1] - Global warming has led to frequent occurrences of warmer winters in China, even during La Niña years, as seen in the winter of 2020/2021 [2] - The winter climate in China is influenced by multiple factors, including tropical sea temperature anomalies, Arctic sea ice, snow cover, and mid-to-high latitude atmospheric circulation systems [2] Climate Change Implications - There is a clear trend of increasing average winter temperatures in China, with Arctic temperatures rising significantly more than those in tropical and subtropical regions [2] - The reduction in temperature differences between mid-latitudes is causing more extreme fluctuations in winter temperatures in China, necessitating close monitoring of severe temperature changes and their impacts on daily life and production [2]

Core Points - The discovery of mosquitoes in Iceland marks the end of its status as a "mosquito-free" country, previously shared with Antarctica [2][3] - Climate change is accelerating in Iceland, with warming occurring at four times the average rate of the Northern Hemisphere, leading to changes in local ecosystems [4] - The presence of mosquitoes is linked to the warming climate, which is creating ideal breeding conditions in Iceland's wetlands [3][4] Summary by Sections - **Climate Change Impact** - Iceland's warming is significantly faster than the global average, resulting in accelerated glacier melting and the introduction of new fish species [4] - The changing climate is facilitating the expansion of mosquito populations globally, with invasive species being reported in various regions [4] - **Scientific Confirmation** - The first confirmed sighting of mosquitoes in Iceland was made by entomologist Matthias Alfreðsson, who identified three specimens captured during a moth attraction experiment [4][5] - The captured mosquitoes were identified as Aedes communis, known for their cold tolerance and ability to survive in harsh environments [4] - **Public Engagement** - The discovery was shared on social media by the individual who captured the mosquitoes, highlighting community involvement in scientific observation [5]

Summary of Key Points from the Conference Call Industry Overview - The conference call discusses the climate outlook for the winter of 2025 in China, focusing on temperature and precipitation patterns influenced by various climatic phenomena such as La Niña and the Indian Ocean Dipole. Core Insights and Arguments 1. **Temperature Trends**: The overall winter of 2025 is expected to be relatively warm, with average temperatures close to or slightly above the long-term average. However, certain regions, particularly in the northeast and southeast, may experience cooler conditions [5][19][22]. 2. **Precipitation Patterns**: There is a significant disparity in precipitation across regions, with northern areas like Shandong and Henan experiencing more than double the usual rainfall, while southern regions, particularly in Jiangnan and northern South China, are expected to see reduced rainfall [4][14]. 3. **La Niña Impact**: The likelihood of a La Niña event forming this winter is uncertain, but if it occurs, it could lead to increased cold air outbreaks and affect agricultural production and energy demand [5][7][20]. 4. **Cold Air Frequency**: The frequency of cold air outbreaks is expected to be higher in December and February, with January being relatively stable and warmer. The average winter temperature is projected to be close to the long-term average, but extreme cold events may still occur [15][22]. 5. **Regional Variability**: The western regions are predicted to be warmer, while the eastern and northeastern areas may experience slightly lower temperatures. The overall trend indicates that the northern regions will have more precipitation compared to the south [3][13][14]. 6. **Climate Change Effects**: The ongoing global warming trend is expected to lead to more frequent fluctuations between cold and warm periods, increasing uncertainty in weather patterns and energy consumption needs [20][21]. Other Important but Overlooked Content 1. **Agricultural Impact**: The persistent rainy weather has negatively affected crop production, particularly in regions like Shandong and Henan, where corn has been reported to rot due to excessive moisture [4]. 2. **Energy Supply Concerns**: While the energy supply pressure for the 2025-26 heating season is expected to be manageable, specific assessments of heating demand under varying weather conditions have not been conducted [21]. 3. **Historical Context**: The long-term trend shows an increase in average winter temperatures since 1961, with a warming rate of approximately 0.4 degrees Celsius per decade, indicating a shift towards warmer winters overall [5]. This summary encapsulates the key points discussed in the conference call regarding the climate outlook for winter 2025, highlighting the expected temperature and precipitation trends, the potential impact of La Niña, and the implications for agriculture and energy supply.

Core Insights - The persistent rainfall in Henan province has significantly impacted the autumn harvest, with average precipitation reaching 349.6 mm since September 1, which is 2.6 times higher than the historical average for the same period, marking the highest level since 1961 [2][3][4] - The province has mobilized resources to support the harvest, including preparing 200,000 harvesting machines and deploying 7,980 tracked corn harvesters to address the challenges posed by wet soil conditions [1][7][8] - The ongoing rainfall has delayed the wheat sowing schedule by approximately 10 to 15 days, creating a tight timeline for farmers to manage both the harvest and the subsequent planting [11][12][13] Harvest and Machinery - A total of 20,000 harvesting machines have been prepared, including 83,000 corn harvesters and 100,000 peanut harvesters, alongside the establishment of 742 emergency service teams [1][7] - The province has recognized 832 regional agricultural service centers to facilitate emergency harvesting operations [1] - The introduction of tracked harvesters has become crucial due to the wet conditions, with 7,980 units deployed to enhance harvesting efficiency [7][8] Drying and Storage - The prolonged rainy weather has increased the moisture content of harvested corn to 30-40%, raising concerns about spoilage [9] - The province has 5,262 drying machines available, and efforts are being made to ensure that farmers can access these resources effectively [1][9] - A comprehensive survey of drying equipment locations has been conducted to assist farmers in finding nearby facilities [9] Impact on Wheat Sowing - The continuous rainfall has created challenges for timely wheat sowing, with delays expected to push planting back by 10-15 days [11][12] - Despite the difficulties, the excess moisture may benefit soil conditions for wheat growth in the long term [12][13] - Farmers are advised to adopt careful management practices to ensure successful late sowing, including selecting appropriate seed varieties and adjusting planting techniques [13][14] Long-term Agricultural Strategies - The situation highlights the need for infrastructure upgrades to better adapt to frequent rainfall, including improved drainage systems and efficient agricultural machinery [15][16] - There is a call for enhanced data integration across agricultural sectors to improve decision-making and operational efficiency [16] - Investment in drought-resistant crop varieties and proactive funding strategies are essential to mitigate future risks associated with extreme weather patterns [16][17]

Core Insights - The report led by the University of Exeter indicates that global warm-water coral reefs are crossing critical survival thresholds, with a significant risk of extinction if global warming trends are not reversed [1][2] - The study, titled "Global Critical Points Report," involved 160 researchers from 87 institutions across 23 countries, focusing on various cases of survival thresholds in the Earth's systems under current global warming trends [1] Group 1: Current Status of Coral Reefs - Warm-water coral reefs are experiencing an unprecedented survival crisis, with over 80% of corals showing signs of bleaching due to record-high ocean temperatures [2] - The global average surface temperature has increased by approximately 1.4 degrees Celsius compared to pre-industrial levels (1850-1900), pushing warm-water corals past their survival threshold [2] - Even if the temperature rise stabilizes at 1.5 degrees Celsius, most warm-water corals are "almost certain" to perish [2] Group 2: Future Predictions and Implications - If global warming continues, while some corals may evolve into more heat-resistant varieties, the majority will be replaced by simpler organisms like algae and sponges, leading to a less diverse ecosystem [2] - This ecological shift poses a disaster for millions of people who rely on coral reefs for their livelihoods and for approximately 1 million marine species [2] - The report's lead researcher warns that crossing the 1.5 degrees Celsius threshold will place the world in greater danger, potentially triggering more critical survival points and catastrophic chain reactions [2] Group 3: Positive Developments - The report also highlights some positive trends, such as the rapid adoption of solar energy and electric vehicles, which could lead to accelerated positive developments in combating climate change [3] - Coral bleaching, a phenomenon where corals lose their symbiotic algae due to environmental stress, can potentially be reversed if the stressors are reduced [3] - Various factors contribute to coral bleaching, with prolonged high sea temperatures being the primary cause [3]

Group 1 - The climate in northern China is experiencing a significant trend towards "warming and humidification," with increasing temperatures and precipitation levels [4][19][21] - The number of high-temperature days in northern cities has increased dramatically, with some cities like Xinyang seeing a rise from 5 days in 2000 to 35 days in 2022 [11][12][13] - The average annual precipitation in China has been increasing, with an average increase of about 6 millimeters every 10 years from 1961 to 2024 [24][25] Group 2 - The agricultural sector is adapting to the challenges posed by frequent high temperatures and increased rainfall, requiring proactive measures for crop management [30][31] - The cultural heritage sector faces significant threats from climate change, particularly in the preservation of ancient buildings and artifacts, which are vulnerable to increased humidity and temperature fluctuations [32][33][34] - The changing climate is expected to impact various industries, necessitating adaptations to new weather patterns that resemble those of southern China [28][34]

Core Insights - The report led by the University of Exeter indicates that global warm-water coral reefs are crossing critical survival thresholds, with a significant risk of extinction if global warming trends are not reversed [1][2] - The study, titled "Global Critical Points Report," involved 160 researchers from 87 institutions across 23 countries, focusing on various cases of survival thresholds in the Earth's system under current global warming trends [1] Group 1: Current Status of Coral Reefs - Warm-water coral reefs are experiencing an unprecedented survival crisis, with over 80% of corals showing signs of bleaching due to record-high ocean temperatures [1][2] - The average global surface temperature has increased by approximately 1.4 degrees Celsius compared to pre-industrial levels (1850-1900), pushing warm-water corals beyond their survival limits [1] Group 2: Future Projections - If global warming continues, while some corals may evolve into more heat-resistant varieties, most will be replaced by simpler organisms like algae and sponges, leading to a less diverse ecosystem [2] - The report emphasizes that crossing the 1.5 degrees Celsius threshold will place the world in greater danger, potentially triggering more survival thresholds and catastrophic chain reactions [2] Group 3: Positive Developments - The report also highlights some positive trends, such as the rapid adoption of solar energy and electric vehicles, which could lead to accelerated positive developments in combating climate change [2]

Core Insights - The article highlights the significant climate anomaly in southern China this year, characterized by an extended summer with high temperatures persisting well into the autumn season [1][2][3] Climate Anomalies - Southern regions like Hangzhou and Chongqing have experienced temperatures exceeding 35°C, with Hangzhou recording nearly 70 days of high temperatures this year, surpassing last year's total of 61 days [1] - The subtropical high pressure has shifted unusually northward, disrupting the typical seasonal weather patterns, leading to prolonged high temperatures in the south and excessive rainfall in the north [2][3] Historical Records - The rainy season in North China began on July 5, 2023, which is 13 days earlier than the average, and lasted longer than usual, making it the longest rainy season since 1961 with a total precipitation of 356.6 mm, exceeding the average by 161.1% [3][4] Global Climate Trends - The article discusses the broader context of global warming, noting that the average global temperature has reached record highs from 2022 to 2024, with 2024 expected to surpass all previous records [4] - The increase in extreme weather events is attributed to rising greenhouse gas emissions, which continue to escalate without a clear downward trend [4] Agricultural Impact - The ongoing high temperatures and reduced rainfall in southern regions may lead to drought conditions, significantly affecting agriculture [6] - Recommendations include utilizing new technologies for resource mobilization and enhancing monitoring and forecasting to mitigate the impact on agricultural practices [6]

甲烷在全球海底已存在千百万年，数量巨大。这种无色无味的温室气体可经由海底裂缝逸出，经常以气泡流形式一路直上，抵达海面。论文第一作者、新西 兰地球科学组织海洋学家萨拉·西布鲁克说，全球范围内普遍存在海底甲烷渗出的情况，但此前在南极地区确认存在的活跃渗出点仅有一处。研究人员去年 开展这项研究时，起初想看那处渗出点是否仍在，没想到"发现新增了几十处"。 西布鲁克说，"以前被认为罕见的情况现在似乎变得普遍了"。每发现一处渗出，她和同事们都会兴奋，但这种兴奋"迅速被焦虑和担忧取代"。 研究人员指出，甲烷进入大气后在头20年吸收的热量是二氧化碳的80倍左右。从海底渗出的甲烷可能会迅速进入大气，从而加剧全球变暖趋势，而目前许多 预测气候变化趋势的研究还没有考虑到这一因素。 新华财经北京10月11日电英国学术期刊《自然-通讯》最新一期刊载的一项研究显示，南极地区海底蕴藏的甲烷正以"惊人速度"渗出。研究人员仅在南太平 洋南部深入南极洲的罗斯海浅水区域就发现40多个新的甲烷渗出点，担心当前流行的气候模型可能低估未来全球变暖程度。 x - 27 Box 4 22 1 5 while the may be 18 - 11/22 y ...

美国航天局兰利研究中心和挪威国际气候研究中心等机构的研究人员基于美航天局"云和地球辐射能系 统"2001年至2024年的卫星数据，发现与南半球相比，北半球吸收了更多的光但反射的光更少。这意味 着从太空中观察，北半球变得"更暗"。 新华社华盛顿10月10日电 刊发于新一期美国《国家科学院学报》的研究显示，地球正在"变暗"，即地 球反射到太空的光线明显减少。其中，北半球"变暗"更为明显，这一变化正在加速全球变暖。 研究人员分析说，北半球"变暗"更明显与南北半球在"气溶胶-辐射"相互作用、地表反照率等方面的差 异有关。地表反照率是地面反射的太阳辐射与到达地面的太阳辐射之比。对太阳光的反射越多，地球表 面的温度就越低；吸收越多，温度越高。受气候变化和全球气温升高影响，北半球的北极海冰快速消 融，导致吸光能力更强的陆地和海水等地貌，正在迅速取代能够反射更多光线的冰雪地貌。 此外，大气层中的微小颗粒，即气溶胶，有助于形成反射阳光的云层。北半球多国的污染防控措施减少 了气溶胶，但导致反射阳光的云层也减少了。南半球受丛林大火和大规模火山喷发事件影响，导致大气 层中气溶胶增多，云层形成增加，进而反射了更多太阳光。 研究人员分析 ...