【环球时报驻巴西特派记者 陈一鸣 时元皓 环球时报驻墨西哥特派记者 谢佳宁 环球时报记者 李迅典】 编者的话： 当地时间1 月7日，委内瑞拉方面表示，美国袭击已致包括平民在内的100人死亡。"今天是委内瑞拉，明天就可能是任何一个国家"，智 利总统博里奇此言道出了国际社会的普遍忧虑。自对委发动袭击并强行控制委总统马杜罗及其夫人后，美国还频繁对其他国 家发出威胁。对此，多位接受《环球时报》记者采访的拉美学者表示，拉美国家已明显感受到"寒蝉效应"。在本系列的前两 期文章中，我们为读者分析了美国"新门罗主义"呈现出的新特征，并讲述了美国两百年来如何借"门罗主义"锁住拉美的自主 发展权。本期文章将进一步揭示，"新门罗主义"背后是美帝国主义逻辑在当代的显化和扩张，这种不受国际法边界约束的权 力展示将给地区和平稳定、战后国际秩序以及美国自身带来巨大危害，值得国际社会高度警惕。 " 我们将面临一场噩梦，就像曾经的越南一样 " 在美国对委内瑞拉发动袭击并强行控制委总统及其夫人后，包括巴西总统卢拉、墨西哥总统辛鲍姆、智利总统博里奇、古巴 国家主席迪亚斯-卡内尔在内的多位拉美国家领导人都对美国的行为予以强烈谴责。上述国家的媒体密切 ...

（来源：直新闻） 直新闻按 2026年开年，特朗普政府悍然对委内瑞拉发动大规模军事突袭，强行控制总统马杜罗及其夫人，随后不仅威胁委内瑞拉代总统"不听话将付出更惨痛代 价"，更暗示还会将干预之手伸向其他国家，其霸权行径让全世界目瞪口呆。 美国 "新门罗主义" 卷土重来，对拉美地区的干预是否会持续升级？其战略收缩与霸权扩张并存的矛盾逻辑背后，藏着怎样的地缘与经济考量？ 围绕上述核心议题，深圳卫视直新闻驻港记者独家专访了香港中国学术研究院院长黄平。 黄平：什么是"再次伟大"？意思其实就是特朗普看到了美国在衰落，方方面面的衰落。所以这种战略收缩是升级版"门罗主义"框架下的收缩。它的"本 土"概念不再局限于美国境内，而是扩展成了大的"势力范围"和"家乡地区"。 黄平现任香港中国学术研究院院长，兼任中国社会科学院台港澳研究中心主任、全国港澳研究会顾问。曾任中国社会科学院美国研究所所长、欧洲研究所 所长，兼任过国际社会科学理事会副理事长、国际社会学会副会长、联合国教科文组织社会转型管理政府间理事会副理事长等。 以下为专访节选： 记者：美国近期对拉美国家施压，可能引发怎样的"寒蝉效应"？这对拉共体、南美国家联盟等区域组织将产 ...

古巴国际政策研究中心专家 克劳迪亚：美国的行为不仅对委内瑞拉，而且对该地区乃至全世界来说，都是一个极其危险的先例。所有抵制美国霸权与支配 政策的国家以及寻求维护领土与自然资源主权的国家，都可能因此受到波及。 拉美专家：拉美国家应加强团结 针对美国近期对委内瑞拉采取的一系列行动，来自秘鲁和古巴的国际问题专家表示，美国此举公然违反国际法和《联合国宪章》，是对弱势国家滥用强权。 秘鲁国际问题专家 卡哈特：美国的行为无疑是非法的，既没有联合国安理会的授权，也不存在事先发生的武装攻击。这是一种强权对弱势国家的滥用，实 力逻辑凌驾于规则之上。 这种行为不仅威胁委内瑞拉，也威胁着拉美乃至全球安全和稳定，地区国家应该团结起来，共同应对美国的霸权行为。 古巴国际政策研究中心专家 克劳迪亚：美国近期发布的《国家安全战略》以及对门罗主义的重申，即所谓"新门罗主义"，表明美国不仅视该地区为传统势 力范围，甚至是视其为"后院"，并试图确立霸权地位。面对这一形势，该地区的所有国家，尤其是小国，应通过协商共识，采取集体立场，反对美国的侵略 行为与干涉主义言论，反击美国对该地区进行掌控的意图。 专家表示，美国此次针对的是委内瑞拉，下一次则可 ...

这种行为不仅威胁委内瑞拉，也威胁着拉美乃至全球安全和稳定，地区国家应该团结起来，共同应对美国的霸权行为。 专家表示，美国此次针对的是委内瑞拉，下一次则可能是区域内任何不屈从于美国的国家。在这种形势下，加勒比与拉丁美洲地区应加强团结，共同作出强 有力的回应。 古巴国际政策研究中心专家克劳迪亚：美国近期发布的《国家安全战略》以及对门罗主义的重申，即所谓"新门罗主义"，表明美国不仅视该地区为传统势力 范围，甚至是视其为"后院"，并试图确立霸权地位。面对这一形势，该地区的所有国家，尤其是小国，应通过协商共识，采取集体立场，反对美国的侵略行 为与干涉主义言论，反击美国对该地区进行掌控的意图。 来源：央视新闻客户端 针对美国近期对委内瑞拉采取的一系列行动，来自秘鲁和古巴的国际问题专家表示，美国此举公然违反国际法和《联合国宪章》，是对弱势国家滥用强权。 秘鲁国际问题专家卡哈特：美国的行为无疑是非法的，既没有联合国安理会的授权，也不存在事先发生的武装攻击。这是一种强权对弱势国家的滥用，实力 逻辑凌驾于规则之上。 古巴国际政策研究中心专家克劳迪亚：美国的行为不仅对委内瑞拉，而且对该地区乃至全世界来说，都是一个极其危险的先例。所 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the resurgence of the Monroe Doctrine in U.S. foreign policy, particularly under the Trump administration, which has been termed "New Monroeism." This approach emphasizes U.S. dominance in the Western Hemisphere and has led to military interventions, notably in Venezuela, raising concerns about violations of international law and the implications for Latin America and global order [1][5][11]. Historical Context - The Monroe Doctrine, articulated by President James Monroe in 1823, established a framework for U.S. foreign policy, asserting that the Americas should be free from European colonialism and interference [3][4]. - The doctrine has evolved through two significant iterations: the Roosevelt Corollary in 1904, which justified U.S. intervention in Latin America, and the recent "Trump Doctrine," which reasserts U.S. interests in the region [4][5]. New Monroeism Characteristics - The "New Monroeism" is characterized by a more aggressive and interventionist stance, focusing on military deployment, economic pressure, and direct intervention in Latin American affairs [6][7]. - The Trump administration's national security strategy identifies the Western Hemisphere as a core interest area, with explicit goals to reclaim U.S. dominance and prevent foreign influence [5][9]. Military and Economic Strategies - The U.S. has employed military force and economic sanctions as primary tools in its "New Monroeism," contrasting with the more diplomatic approaches of the past [8][12]. - Recent actions include military deployments near Venezuela and sanctions against countries like Colombia and Cuba, aimed at controlling resources and curbing perceived threats to U.S. security [9][10]. Implications for Latin America - The focus on Venezuela is particularly notable due to its vast oil reserves and alliances with countries like China and Russia, which the U.S. views as challenges to its influence [9][12]. - The article suggests that the "New Monroeism" could lead to increased instability in Latin America, as the U.S. prioritizes its interests over regional autonomy and development [1][11].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the resurgence of the Monroe Doctrine in the form of "Trump's Monroe Doctrine," emphasizing the U.S. intention to reassert its dominance in the Western Hemisphere, particularly through military intervention and economic pressure on Latin American countries [1][4]. Historical Context - The Monroe Doctrine, established in 1823, aimed to prevent European powers from colonizing the Americas and asserted that the U.S. would not interfere in European affairs [2]. - The doctrine has evolved through two significant interpretations: Roosevelt's Corollary in 1904, which justified U.S. intervention in Latin America, and Trump's interpretation in 2025, which marks a significant shift in U.S. foreign policy [3][4]. New Characteristics of "New Monroe Doctrine" - The "New Monroe Doctrine" is characterized by a more aggressive and self-serving approach, prioritizing U.S. interests and security over traditional principles of non-interference and anti-colonialism [6]. - The U.S. now views the Western Hemisphere as an "absolute security zone," focusing on territorial expansion, resource extraction, and control of strategic assets [6][7]. Military and Economic Strategies - The U.S. employs a combination of military deployment, economic pressure, and sanctions to achieve its objectives, marking a departure from the political manipulation and diplomatic isolation strategies of the past [6][7]. - Recent actions include threats of tariffs against Colombia and sanctions on Brazilian officials, as well as military maneuvers in Venezuela, highlighting the aggressive nature of U.S. policy [7][8]. Focus on Venezuela - Venezuela is identified as a primary target due to its vast oil reserves and alliances with countries like China and Russia, which challenge U.S. dominance in the region [8]. - The U.S. has previously attempted to orchestrate a coup against the Venezuelan government and has deployed military assets in the vicinity, indicating a clear focus on this nation [8]. Political Implications - The shift towards a more interventionist policy is seen as a response to domestic political pressures and the rise of leftist movements in Latin America, with the U.S. aiming to secure its influence and counter perceived threats [9][10]. - The article suggests that this new approach is a pragmatic adjustment to maintain U.S. hegemony in the face of global competition and domestic challenges [10].

【环球时报综合报道】"我无罪""我仍然是委内瑞拉总统"，遭美国强行控制的委内瑞拉总统马杜罗及其夫人当地时间5日中午在美国纽约南区联邦地区法院 首次出庭。他们拒绝美方所谓"犯罪"指控，坚称自己是"无辜的"。就在马杜罗出庭的同一天，联合国安理会就美国军事打击委内瑞拉举行紧急公开会。美媒 称，多国常驻联合国代表在会上谴责美国对委内瑞拉的干预行为，并对其合法性提出质疑。就连美国的盟友也提出批评。中国常驻联合国代表团临时代办孙 磊在发言时表示，中方对美方的单边、非法、霸凌行径深表震惊，并予以强烈谴责。在针对委内瑞拉的行动得逞之后，美方还对墨西哥、古巴、哥伦比亚等 多个拉美国家发出威胁。对此，美国著名学者、哥伦比亚大学可持续发展中心主任杰弗里·萨克斯在接受《环球时报》记者采访时表示，世界上大多数国家 都渴望拥有主权与和平，而非美国的统治，因此会抵制美国的霸权企图。"我不认为美国将能主宰美洲。如果美国试图这样做，将会引发大量暴力事件。" 哥学者：此次 " 庭审 " 更像是一场政治秀 5日，马杜罗身穿蓝色囚服、戴着脚镣在联邦法警的押送下进入法庭，他的夫人西利娅·弗洛雷斯紧随其后。二人都佩戴耳机收听有关法庭程序的翻译，马杜 罗 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the resurgence of the Monroe Doctrine in the form of "New Monroeism" under the Trump administration, emphasizing its implications for U.S. foreign policy in Latin America and the potential risks it poses to regional autonomy and international order [1][5]. Historical Context - The Monroe Doctrine, established in 1823, aimed to prevent European colonialism in the Americas and asserted U.S. dominance in the region, evolving through interpretations such as the Roosevelt Corollary in 1904 and the Trump Doctrine in 2025 [3][4]. New Monroeism Characteristics - The "New Monroeism" is characterized by a more aggressive U.S. stance, prioritizing military intervention, resource acquisition, and control over strategic assets in Latin America, contrasting with the traditional doctrine's focus on non-interference [6][7]. - The Trump administration's national security strategy explicitly defines the Western Hemisphere as a core U.S. interest area, allowing for military action to secure strategic assets and combat crime and immigration issues [5][9]. Military and Economic Strategies - The U.S. has increasingly employed military force and economic pressure as tools to achieve its objectives in Latin America, marking a shift from political manipulation to direct intervention [7][8]. - Recent actions include sanctions against countries like Cuba and Colombia, and military deployments in Venezuela, highlighting a more confrontational approach to U.S. foreign policy in the region [8][9]. Implications for Latin America - Venezuela is identified as a primary target of the "New Monroeism," due to its significant oil reserves and alliances with non-Western powers, which challenge U.S. influence [9][10]. - The article suggests that the U.S. is refocusing its foreign policy to address domestic pressures and counter the rise of leftist movements in Latin America, indicating a strategic shift back to interventionist policies [10][11]. Conclusion - The "New Monroeism" reflects a pragmatic adjustment in U.S. foreign policy, aiming to consolidate control over its immediate sphere while preparing for broader global competition, suggesting a return to a more interventionist stance in Latin America [11][12].

Core Viewpoint - The U.S. military intervention in Venezuela aims to control the country's oil resources and facilitate a regime change, marking a significant escalation in U.S.-Venezuela relations [1][6]. Group 1: U.S. Actions and Strategies - The U.S. has escalated sanctions against Venezuela, imposing a 25% tariff on countries purchasing Venezuelan oil and forcibly selling the country's assets in the U.S. [1][6]. - The U.S. has redefined Maduro as a terrorist and the Venezuelan government as a foreign terrorist organization to justify military actions [1][6]. - Military actions have evolved from targeting drug trafficking vessels to large-scale operations, including air and ground strikes to capture Maduro and his wife [1][6]. Group 2: Political Implications in Latin America - The U.S. aims to reshape the political landscape in Latin America, particularly targeting leftist governments in the region, as part of a broader strategy to establish a new political order aligned with U.S. interests [2][7]. - The U.S. plans to dismantle the "Bolivarian Alliance," a leftist coalition in Latin America, following changes in Venezuela's political situation [3][8]. - The intervention is expected to influence upcoming elections in Colombia, Mexico, and Brazil, potentially leading to a shift towards right-wing politics in the region [4][9]. Group 3: Broader Geopolitical Context - The U.S. intervention reflects a shift from globalism to pragmatism in its foreign policy, with a focus on reasserting dominance in its "backyard" [2][7]. - The political changes in Venezuela may have significant spillover effects, potentially accelerating a rightward shift in Latin American politics and challenging leftist movements in neighboring countries [4][9]. - The rise of conservative alliances in Latin America, as indicated by Argentina's President Milei, aligns with U.S. interests and the goals of the "New Monroe Doctrine" [4][10].

面对白宫的要求，美国石油业却普遍提不起兴趣，审慎态度背后是三重现实顾虑。首先是天文数字般的投入，能源咨询公司 Energy Aspects 测算，仅让委国原油日产量增加 50 万桶，就需耗资 100 亿美元且耗时两年，全面修复破败设施更是要投入数百亿美元，回 报周期漫长且不确定。 一、赔偿换投资：白宫的 "捆绑交易" 背后 其次是政局的巨大变数。委内瑞拉长期局势动荡，此次美国突袭抓捕马杜罗后，权力过渡充满未知。正如业内专家所言，没有哪家 公司愿意在不清楚未来政策走向的情况下，盲目承诺长期巨额投资。雪佛龙作为目前唯一仍在委运营的美企，其声明从 "支持过渡" 火速改为 "遵守法律法规" 的中立表述，正是这种谨慎的直接体现。 当地时间 1 月 3 日，美国白宫的一则要求搅动全球能源圈：各大石油公司必须大规模投资委内瑞拉，修复其破败的原油开采设施， 才能换取被没收资产的赔偿。特朗普在记者会上更是高调宣称，要让美企砸数十亿美元 "造血" 委国石油业，为美国 "创造收益"。 一边是政府的强硬施压，一边是业内的审慎观望，这场横跨美洲的石油博弈，远比表面看起来更复杂。 美国油企与委内瑞拉的恩怨早已埋下伏笔。早年间委内瑞拉推行 ...