结构性转型受挫 图为秘鲁钱凯港的码头操作区。（新华社发） 今年以来，美国政府实施的全球性关税上调政策，对长期与美国经济高度捆绑的拉美地区造成显著冲 击。联合国拉丁美洲和加勒比经济委员会（以下简称"拉加经委会"）近日发布《2025拉美和加勒比地区 国际贸易展望》报告明确指出，地区各国亟需减少对美贸易依赖，坚定推进市场多元化战略。然而， 在"新门罗主义"阴影持续笼罩的背景下，美国对拉美政策表现出更强的攻击性和排他性，试图通过各类 极限施压手段，实现短期战略利益。拉美能否增强经济韧性与战略自主，再次成为国际社会关注的焦 点。 依赖困境难摆脱 数据显示，自今年2月美国实施新一轮关税后，拉美地区面临的平均实际关税为10%，其中巴西受影响 最为明显，平均关税已达33%。尽管初步预测显示，2025年该地区货物出口额仍可能保持5%的增长， 但这背后潜藏着结构性风险。 拉加经委会分析，当前的贸易数据韧性很大程度上源于美国进口商为规避预期关税而进行的"提前进 口"囤货行为。这种政策刺激下的短期繁荣难以持续。报告警告，在拉美与美国深度交织的经贸关系 下，加征关税的实质性负面影响将在2026年更加充分地显现。 更为深远的影响在于投资 ...

美国和委内瑞拉的矛盾持续升温。 近期，美国以"缉毒"为由，在委内瑞拉附近加勒比海域部署多艘军舰。9月初以来，美军已在加勒比海 和东太平洋击沉超过20艘美方指称的委内瑞拉"贩毒船"，造成80余人死亡。然而，美国政府并未披露任 何可以证明其攻击目标涉毒的证据。委内瑞拉政府多次指责美国意图通过军事威胁在委策动政权更迭， 并在拉美进行军事扩张。 除军事施压外，美国总统特朗普也曾释放外交信号。当地时间11月30日，特朗普透露，他与委内瑞拉总 统马杜罗通过电话，但没有透露通话时间和内容。当地时间12月3日，马杜罗证实了这一消息。 然而，此次通话被指未能取得进展，美国对委内瑞拉的军事施压持续升级。 据新华社报道，在11月21日的通话中，美方要求马杜罗立即辞职，并在一周内离开委内瑞拉，给出的最 后期限是11月28日。28日期限过后的第二天，特朗普就在社交媒体放出委内瑞拉及其周边空域"应被视 为全面关闭"的言论。数日后的12月2日，特朗普发出美军将很快对委内瑞拉境内的目标发动"陆上打 击"的威胁。 随着局势不断升温，外界对美国可能军事打击委内瑞拉的担忧加剧。 美国加紧施压委内瑞拉的真实意图 近期，美国不仅正式将委内瑞拉涉毒组织 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the escalating military tensions in the Caribbean region, particularly focusing on the U.S. military exercises near Venezuela and the potential implications for regional stability and U.S.-Venezuela relations [2][3][4]. Group 1: Military Actions and Responses - The U.S. and Trinidad and Tobago are set to conduct military exercises near the coast of Venezuela, which Venezuelan President Maduro has condemned as irresponsible and a threat to regional peace [2][3]. - The U.S. has launched "Operation Southern Strike" to combat what it terms "drug terror" in the Western Hemisphere, marking the largest military deployment in the region in over 30 years [3][7]. - The U.S. military has reportedly sunk at least 20 vessels it claims were involved in drug trafficking since September, resulting in at least 80 deaths [6]. Group 2: Political Implications - Maduro has warned against U.S. military intervention, questioning whether the U.S. seeks to create another conflict similar to past invasions in Afghanistan, Vietnam, and Libya [5][4]. - The relationship between the U.S. and Venezuela has reached a critical point, with Maduro suspending natural gas cooperation with Trinidad and Tobago in response to U.S. actions [5][9]. Group 3: International Reactions - Iran has criticized the U.S. military activities in the Caribbean, urging respect for Venezuela's sovereignty and calling for United Nations action to maintain international peace [3]. - Legal experts have condemned the U.S. military actions as illegal, arguing that targeting civilians, even those suspected of crimes, violates international law [8].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the increasing military and economic pressure the Trump administration is exerting on Latin America, particularly Venezuela, marking a significant shift in U.S. foreign policy since the Cold War [1][5]. Group 1: Military Actions - The Pentagon is reportedly planning operations against "drug traffickers" in Venezuela, indicating a more aggressive stance compared to previous administrations [2]. - The U.S. has deployed multiple naval vessels and aircraft near Venezuela, including F-35s, and has conducted several maritime attacks resulting in the sinking of Venezuelan ships and loss of life [4]. - Venezuela's foreign minister has accused the U.S. of illegal military threats aimed at seizing the country's oil and gas resources [5]. Group 2: Regional Policy and Reactions - The U.S. has been vocal about its intentions in Latin America, threatening military action in various countries and increasing its military presence under the guise of a "war on drugs" [6][8]. - The Trump administration's approach has been characterized as "new Monroeism," with a focus on coercing Latin American countries to align with U.S. interests [10][11]. - Leaders from countries like Brazil, Venezuela, and Colombia have become targets of U.S. pressure, with some facing visa revocations and other punitive measures [11]. Group 3: Implications and Criticism - Analysts warn that the aggressive military strategy may lead to increased crime and instability in the region, countering the intended goals of the "war on drugs" [7][8]. - The article highlights that the majority of drug-related issues in Latin America are not directly linked to Venezuela, suggesting that U.S. actions may be misdirected [6][8]. - There is a growing call among Latin American leaders for diplomatic solutions to avoid conflict, contrasting with the U.S. military approach [11][13].

Core Viewpoint - The Bolivian President Arce criticizes the United States for pursuing a "new Monroe Doctrine" aimed at re-establishing control over Latin America and the Caribbean for U.S. interests [1] Group 1: U.S. Foreign Policy - Arce claims that the U.S. government's insistence on restoring its hegemonic position in the Western Hemisphere represents a new form of Monroe Doctrine, fundamentally rooted in the belief that "America is for Americans" [1] - The U.S. is accused of deviating from free trade and globalization, acting against the trend, and attempting to turn Latin America into a "dam" obstructing the construction of a multipolar world [1] Group 2: Economic and Military Actions - Arce condemns the U.S. economic blockade against Cuba and highlights the true intent behind U.S. military deployments in the Caribbean, which is to seize Venezuela's oil and other natural resources [1] - The use of colonial methods such as undermining democracy and promoting militarization is cited as a means for the U.S. to regain control over Latin America and the Caribbean [1]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the articles indicates a shift in U.S. military strategy from global engagement to focusing on domestic and regional issues, particularly in the Americas [1][2][10] - The Pentagon is reportedly prioritizing the defense of the U.S. homeland and the Western Hemisphere, suggesting a move away from addressing global conflicts [1] - The U.S. military has begun withdrawing troops from Iraq, with plans to reduce its presence in the region by 2026, reflecting a commitment to end "endless wars" [2][3] Group 2 - The U.S. military has deployed significant resources to the U.S.-Mexico border, with nearly 8,000 troops and various military equipment, indicating a focus on domestic security and immigration issues [7][9] - The Trump administration has increased military actions within U.S. states, expanding the deployment of federal armed forces to major cities to combat crime and illegal immigration [9][10] - The U.S. has also engaged in military operations in the Caribbean and South America, including deploying warships and aircraft near Venezuela, which is seen as an assertion of control over the region [11][13] Group 3 - The Trump administration's actions are perceived as a revival of "New Monroe Doctrine," aiming to reinforce U.S. dominance in Latin America and counter perceived threats from drug cartels and other groups [10][13] - The designation of Mexican drug cartels as terrorist organizations and the military's readiness to conduct cross-border operations highlight a more aggressive stance towards regional security [11][12] - Analysts suggest that these military strategies may reflect a broader agenda of neo-colonialism, as the U.S. seeks to expand its influence in Latin America under the guise of combating drug trafficking and terrorism [13]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the negative remarks made by U.S. officials regarding China, which were strongly rebutted by the Chinese Foreign Ministry, labeling them as outright lies and fallacies [1] Group 1: U.S. Officials' Statements - U.S. Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin emphasized the need to counter the "Chinese threat" during the 2025 Central America Security Conference in Panama City, claiming that the U.S. must prevent "war from breaking out" [1] - U.S. Deputy Secretary of State Wendy Sherman stated that only trusted suppliers should be allowed to participate in 5G, cybersecurity, and artificial intelligence collaborations to prevent Chinese involvement [1] Group 2: Chinese Response - The Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Lin Jian criticized the U.S. statements as filled with ideological bias and Cold War mentality, asserting that they are complete lies and fallacies [1] - Lin Jian highlighted that the U.S. has historically viewed Latin America and the Caribbean as its "backyard," engaging in "new Monroeism" and interfering in the internal affairs of these nations [1] - The spokesperson reiterated that China engages with Latin American and Caribbean countries based on principles of equality and mutual benefit, without seeking spheres of influence or targeting any third parties [1]