欧洲疾病预防控制中心20日发布报告说，欧洲今年发生的基孔肯雅热本土传播事件创有记录以来新 高；截至13日，西尼罗病毒感染病例为三年来最高。该机构警告，气候变化或令蚊媒疾病传播成为"新 常态"。 欧洲疾控中心数据显示，欧洲今年已发生27起基孔肯雅热本土传播事件，数量创新高。截至13日， 法国报告了111例基孔肯雅热病例，意大利7例，尚无死亡病例；欧洲8个国家已报告335例西尼罗病毒本 土感染病例，死亡病例19例，其中意大利情况最为严重，感染病例达274例；法国、意大利和葡萄牙合 计报告了17例登革热病例。 欧洲疾控中心说，西尼罗病毒在欧洲的分布持续变化，过去十年间，欧洲每年都有新增地区检测到 这种病毒。今年欧洲的西尼罗病毒感染病例为三年来最多，预计病例数量还将进一步上升。 此外，可传播基孔肯雅病毒的白纹伊蚊目前在欧洲的活动范围已从十年前的114个地区扩大至眼下 369个地区。可传播登革病毒、黄热病毒、寨卡病毒和西尼罗病毒等的埃及伊蚊自2022年就已在塞浦路 斯活动。 值得关注的是，法国东北部的阿尔萨斯地区今年首次报告了一例基孔肯雅热本土病例。欧洲疾控中 心说："这在该纬度地区实属罕见，凸显了（蚊媒疾病）传播风险 ...

世卫组织助理总干事杰里米·法勒在新闻公报中指出，热应激已对数十亿劳动者的健康和生计造成 损害，新指南提供了实用且基于实证的解决方案。 世界气象组织副秘书长科·巴雷特表示，职业性热应激已成为全球性社会挑战，正如近期欧洲热浪 所凸显的那样，该现象已不再局限于赤道附近国家。保护劳动者免受极端高温侵害不仅是健康领域的当 务之急，更是经济发展的必然要求。 新指南建议有关部门结合当地气候特征、特定工种及劳动者自身情况，量身定制防暑计划与行动指 南；重点关注中老年劳动者、慢性病患者及体能较弱人群等群体；开展应急救援人员、医务工作者、雇 主和劳动者的教育培训，提高他们对热应激症状的辨识与处置能力。 新华社日内瓦8月22日电（记者王露）世界卫生组织和世界气象组织22日联合发布新的报告和指 南，强调极端高温给全球劳工带来日益严重的健康挑战，为各国政府、雇主和卫生部门提供了明确可行 的方案，以减轻极端高温带来的伤害风险。 这份题为《气候变化与工作场所热应激》的报告和指南借鉴50年的研究成果和证据，强调劳工的健 康以及生产率会受到气温上升的严重影响。此前，世界气象组织报告说，2024年是有记录以来最热的一 年，白天气温超过40摄氏度 ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the articles highlights China's significant advancement in climate change research, surpassing the United States in both the number of published papers and citation quality [2][5][7] - In 2023, Chinese research institutions published approximately 14,000 papers related to climate change, exceeding the United States' 13,000 papers, marking a shift in global research leadership [5][7] - The global publication of climate change-related papers is projected to reach around 77,000 in 2024, with China contributing about 17,000 papers, accounting for 20% of the total [5] Group 2 - China's electric vehicle (EV) global sales share reached 55% as of Q4 2024, leading the market, with steady growth in Europe and Asia [5] - The domestic installed capacity of solar and wind power in China reached 50% in 2023, surpassing traditional coal power, indicating a significant shift towards decarbonization [5] - The Chinese leadership has set the "3060 goal," aiming for carbon emissions to peak by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060, reflecting a strong commitment to climate action [7] Group 3 - The role of China in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is increasing, with Chinese representatives being appointed to key positions, such as co-chairing working groups on climate warming assessments [7] - The United States has shown a declining commitment to climate change research since the Trump administration, proposing significant budget cuts for related agencies [8]

Core Insights - The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) reported a record high of local transmission events of Chikungunya virus in Europe this year, with 27 cases reported as of August 13 [1][2] - The number of West Nile virus infections in Europe has reached its highest level in three years, with 335 reported cases and 19 deaths across eight countries [1][2] - Climate change is identified as a significant factor contributing to the increased spread of mosquito-borne diseases, leading to a longer transmission season and broader geographic range [4][5] Summary by Category Chikungunya Virus - A total of 27 local transmission events of Chikungunya virus have been recorded in Europe this year, marking a new high [1] - France reported 111 cases, while Italy reported 7 cases, with no deaths recorded [1] West Nile Virus - The ECDC noted that the number of West Nile virus infections is the highest in three years, with 335 cases reported and 19 deaths [1][2] - Italy has the most severe situation with 274 reported cases [1] Geographic Spread and Climate Impact - The range of the Asian tiger mosquito, which transmits Chikungunya virus, has expanded from 114 areas a decade ago to 369 areas currently [2] - The ECDC highlighted that the transmission risk is spreading to more northern regions, as evidenced by the first reported local case in Alsace, France [2] - Climate and environmental factors, such as rising temperatures and changing rainfall patterns, are driving the increased intensity and duration of mosquito-borne disease transmission [4][5] Public Health Implications - ECDC officials warn that the evolving patterns of mosquito-borne diseases will pose greater risks to the population in Europe [5] - Coordinated public health actions and personal protective measures are emphasized as increasingly important [5]

Core Insights - The increase in the population of Aedes albopictus, commonly known as the Asian tiger mosquito, poses significant challenges for mosquito control in northern China, particularly in urban areas like Beijing [2][3][4] Group 1: Mosquito Population Dynamics - The proportion of Aedes albopictus in Beijing has risen from less than 30% in 2014 to 43.08% in 2023, nearly matching the indigenous Culex pipiens [2] - The presence of Aedes albopictus is not limited to Beijing; it has shown significant growth in densely populated areas such as residential neighborhoods and parks since 2017 [4] Group 2: Health Risks - Aedes albopictus is known to carry over 10 pathogens, including dengue fever, yellow fever, Zika virus, chikungunya, and Rift Valley fever, making it a more dangerous vector compared to Culex pipiens, which primarily transmits West Nile virus and Japanese encephalitis [5] - The global spread of chikungunya virus was facilitated by a genetic mutation that allowed Aedes albopictus to become a competent vector, expanding its range from tropical to subtropical and temperate regions [5] Group 3: Environmental Factors - Climate change is a significant driver of the northward migration of Aedes albopictus, with rising temperatures and altered precipitation patterns extending the mosquito breeding season [6] - The distribution area of Aedes albopictus in warm temperate semi-humid regions has increased by 10% from 2000-2004 to 2015-2019, affecting areas including Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei [6] Group 4: Urbanization and Breeding Habitats - Urbanization contributes to the proliferation of Aedes albopictus by providing suitable breeding environments, such as small water containers found in urban settings [7] - The mosquito's breeding sites include household containers, plant containers, and even small amounts of standing water, with as little as 100 milliliters being sufficient for larval survival [7] Group 5: Insecticide Resistance - There is a concerning increase in insecticide resistance among Aedes albopictus populations, particularly in areas affected by dengue fever, where resistance levels have escalated from low to high against certain classes of insecticides [8] - The rapid development of resistance is attributed to the frequent and improper use of insecticides [8] Group 6: Integrated Control Strategies - Experts recommend an integrated approach to mosquito control, combining environmental management, chemical control, and physical barriers to mitigate the risks associated with mosquito-borne diseases [10] - Community involvement in eliminating standing water and personal protective measures are emphasized as critical components of effective mosquito management [10]

Core Insights - The latest report from the American Meteorological Society, titled "Annual Climate Status Report," warns that multiple climate indicators are set to break records in 2024, including greenhouse gas concentrations, land and ocean temperatures, sea level heights, and ocean heat content [1][2] Group 1: Greenhouse Gas Concentrations - The concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has reached 422.8±0.1 parts per million (ppm), a 52% increase from the pre-industrial level of 278 ppm [1] Group 2: Temperature Records - Global surface temperatures have broken records for two consecutive years, exceeding the 1991-2020 average by 0.63℃ to 0.72℃ [2] - The period from 2015 to 2024 is confirmed as the hottest decade on record, according to six authoritative datasets [2] Group 3: Ocean Temperature and Heat Waves - Influenced by the El Niño phenomenon, global sea surface temperatures are expected to reach new highs in 2024, with an increase of 0.06℃ compared to the record set in 2023 [2] - Approximately 91% of ocean areas are experiencing heat waves, while only 26% are facing cold waves [2] Group 4: Water Cycle and Extreme Weather - The amount of water vapor in the atmosphere has reached a historical high, with over 20% of global regions experiencing extreme vapor values, significantly higher than the 10% recorded in 2023 [2] Group 5: Ocean Heat Content and Sea Level Rise - Global ocean heat content has reached unprecedented levels, with measurements taken from the surface down to 2000 meters deep continuing to increase [2] - The global average sea level has set new records for 13 consecutive years, rising approximately 105.8 millimeters since the beginning of satellite monitoring in 1993 [2] Group 6: Glacier Melting - In 2024, 58 benchmark glaciers worldwide have reported mass loss for two consecutive years, marking the largest average loss in 55 years [2] - Venezuela has become the first Andean country to completely lose its glaciers, while the Conejeras Glacier in Colombia has been officially declared "dead" [2]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the discovery of a novel bacterial protein family that catalyzes nitrous oxide (N₂O) reduction, which is significant for understanding N₂O consumption and its implications for climate change and greenhouse gas emissions [4][9]. Group 1: Research Findings - A new type of nitrous oxide reductase, known as L-N₂OR, has been identified, expanding the known diversity of N₂O reductases [8][9]. - The research indicates that the L-N₂OR gene is present in various taxa, primarily found in widely distributed uncultured microbial communities [8]. - The study highlights the involvement of previously unrecognized groups, such as Nitrospinota, in N₂O consumption [9]. Group 2: Implications - The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of N₂O consumption sources, which is crucial for greenhouse gas emission models and climate change strategies [4][9]. - The discovery of new N₂O reductases provides opportunities for innovative biotechnologies aimed at reducing N₂O emissions [4][9].

研究表明，本土原生森林比外来树种森林具有更好的防护能力。在"加布里埃尔"飓风发生前3至5年内植 被遭破坏的区域，更易发生滑坡。 该研究还发现，气候变化加剧了"加布里埃尔"飓风的降雨强度，未来这种趋势很可能持续增强。研究者 表示，该研究的数据与结论将支撑全国性滑坡模型的构建，用于预测突发性高危滑坡的发生区域及潜在 影响。同时，期待此项研究能为未来土地利用决策提供科学依据，从而助力减轻这类破坏性灾害的影 响。 责编：李磊、王瑞景 新华社惠灵顿8月20日电（记者龙雷、李惠子）新西兰地球科学组织近日在国际学术杂志《滑坡》上发 布研究报告说，2023年侵袭新西兰的"加布里埃尔"飓风曾诱发超过80万次滑坡，受灾面积约100平方公 里，是全球有记录以来最极端的滑坡诱发事件之一。 研究显示，"加布里埃尔"飓风当时带来的强降雨使土壤含水量极度饱和，使许多坡地的土壤含水量达到 临界点，发生滑坡成为不可避免的结果。部分地区24小时内降雨量高达500毫米，较历史纪录高出50% 以上。 除降雨外，影响滑坡位置的关键因素还包括地质类型、植被类型及坡地陡峭程度，通常灌木和草地覆盖 区域比森林覆盖区域更容易发生滑坡。例如在霍克斯湾等地，灌木 ...

Core Insights - The research report published by the New Zealand Earth Sciences Organization highlights that Cyclone Gabrielle triggered over 800,000 landslides in 2023, affecting an area of approximately 100 square kilometers, marking it as one of the most extreme landslide-inducing events on record [1] Summary by Categories Rainfall Impact - Cyclone Gabrielle brought intense rainfall that saturated soil moisture levels, causing many slopes to reach critical saturation points, making landslides inevitable [1] - Some areas experienced rainfall of up to 500 millimeters within 24 hours, exceeding historical records by more than 50% [1] Factors Influencing Landslides - Key factors influencing landslide locations include geological type, vegetation type, and slope steepness, with shrub and grassland areas being more prone to landslides compared to forested regions [1] - In regions like Hawke's Bay, the density of small shallow landslides in shrub and grassland areas reached as high as 327 occurrences per square kilometer [1] Vegetation and Landslide Protection - Native forests provide better protective capabilities against landslides compared to non-native tree species [1] - Areas where vegetation was disturbed 3 to 5 years prior to Cyclone Gabrielle were more susceptible to landslides [1] Climate Change and Future Trends - The study indicates that climate change has intensified the rainfall associated with Cyclone Gabrielle, and this trend is likely to continue [1] - The data and conclusions from this research will support the development of national landslide models to predict high-risk landslide areas and their potential impacts [1] - The research aims to provide scientific basis for future land use decisions to mitigate the impacts of such destructive disasters [1]

Core Insights - The article discusses the 50th anniversary of China-Europe diplomatic relations, emphasizing the importance of mutual understanding and cooperation between the two regions [1] - Gerhard Stahl, a prominent figure in EU and German politics, shares insights on the evolving economic relationship between China and Germany, highlighting the need for open dialogue and collaboration [3][5] Group 1: Economic Cooperation - Germany has released its first China strategy, aiming to continue economic cooperation while emphasizing risk reduction rather than decoupling [5] - There is a significant investment interest from German companies in China, with over half of surveyed German firms planning to increase investments in China over the next two years [6] - The economic relationship between China and Germany is characterized by long-term cooperation, with both sides needing to establish common rules for collaboration [5][6] Group 2: Political Dynamics - The concept of "systemic competitor" in EU discourse may lead to misunderstandings and does not accurately reflect the complexities of China-Europe relations [9] - The article highlights the need for regular high-level exchanges to address political challenges and build trust between China and Europe [10][13] - The ongoing geopolitical tensions, such as the Russia-Ukraine conflict, are affecting China-Europe relations, necessitating open communication to mitigate negative impacts [13] Group 3: Climate Change and Global Issues - Climate change is identified as a critical area for cooperation between China and Europe, with both sides having commitments under the Paris Agreement [9][10] - The article suggests that addressing global challenges like climate change requires collaborative efforts and mutual understanding [4][9] Group 4: Future Outlook - The future of China-Europe relations hinges on improving business dialogue, cultural exchanges, and research cooperation [14] - Young people are encouraged to travel and gain international experience to foster better understanding between cultures [14]