Quantitative Factors and Models Summary Quantitative Factors and Construction Methods 1. **Factor Name**: Market Style Factor **Construction Idea**: This factor tracks the market's preference for small-cap versus large-cap stocks and growth versus value stocks over the observed period **Construction Process**: - The factor is divided into two dimensions: size (small-cap vs. large-cap) and style (growth vs. value) - The factor measures the relative performance of small-cap stocks compared to large-cap stocks and growth stocks compared to value stocks - Observations include the directional bias (e.g., small-cap preference) and the volatility of these style preferences **Evaluation**: The factor indicates a market preference for small-cap and growth stocks, but with increased volatility, suggesting instability in market style trends [11][12] 2. **Factor Name**: Market Structure Factor **Construction Idea**: This factor evaluates the dispersion and concentration of returns across industries and stocks to assess market structure dynamics **Construction Process**: - Industry excess return dispersion is calculated to measure the spread of returns across different sectors - Metrics such as the proportion of rising constituent stocks and the turnover concentration of the top 100 stocks and top 5 industries are tracked - Changes in these metrics are used to infer market structure stability and concentration trends **Evaluation**: The factor shows a decline in industry return dispersion and a slight increase in stock and industry concentration, indicating a more concentrated market structure [11][12] 3. **Factor Name**: Market Activity Factor **Construction Idea**: This factor measures market activity through volatility and turnover rates **Construction Process**: - Index volatility is calculated to assess market fluctuations - Turnover rates, particularly for indices like the SSE 50, are tracked to gauge trading activity - Observations include changes in these metrics over time **Evaluation**: The factor reveals a slight increase in market volatility but a continued decline in turnover rates, especially for the SSE 50, indicating reduced market activity [11][12] 4. **Factor Name**: Commodity Market Factors **Construction Idea**: These factors analyze trends, momentum, volatility, and liquidity in commodity markets **Construction Process**: - **Trend Strength**: Tracks the continuation of trends in sectors like energy and metals - **Basis Momentum**: Measures the momentum of basis changes, with specific focus on sectors like agriculture and metals - **Volatility**: Assesses the level of price fluctuations in different commodity sectors - **Liquidity**: Evaluates the trading activity and ease of transactions in commodity markets **Evaluation**: The factors highlight strong trends in energy and metals, low basis momentum in agriculture, high volatility in energy, and strong liquidity in energy and metals [23][27] 5. **Factor Name**: Option Market Factors **Construction Idea**: These factors assess market sentiment and risk expectations through option pricing metrics **Construction Process**: - **Implied Volatility**: Tracks the implied volatility of options on indices like SSE 50 and CSI 1000 - **Skewness**: Measures the relative pricing of put options versus call options to infer market sentiment - **Open Interest**: Monitors changes in open interest to gauge market positioning **Evaluation**: The factors suggest stable short-term sentiment but highlight potential downside risks for small-cap stocks based on skewness and rising open interest in put options [33][34] 6. **Factor Name**: Convertible Bond Market Factors **Construction Idea**: These factors analyze valuation and liquidity dynamics in the convertible bond market **Construction Process**: - **Valuation Metrics**: Tracks metrics like the premium rate of bonds near par value and the proportion of low-premium bonds - **Liquidity Metrics**: Monitors trading volume and credit spreads **Evaluation**: The factors indicate a slight recovery in valuation metrics but a rise in low-premium bonds, with stable trading volumes and narrowing credit spreads [35][37] Factor Backtesting Results 1. **Market Style Factor**: - Small-cap preference observed - Growth style preference observed - Increased volatility in both dimensions [11][12] 2. **Market Structure Factor**: - Industry return dispersion decreased - Stock and industry concentration slightly increased [11][12] 3. **Market Activity Factor**: - Market volatility slightly increased - Turnover rates decreased, especially for SSE 50 [11][12] 4. **Commodity Market Factors**: - Strong trends in energy and metals - Low basis momentum in agriculture - High volatility in energy - Strong liquidity in energy and metals [23][27] 5. **Option Market Factors**: - Stable implied volatility for SSE 50 and CSI 1000 - Skewness favors put options for CSI 1000 - Rising open interest in put options for CSI 1000 [33][34] 6. **Convertible Bond Market Factors**: - Premium rates near par value slightly recovered - Proportion of low-premium bonds increased - Trading volumes stable - Credit spreads narrowed [35][37]

Group 1 - The article discusses various options trading strategies, emphasizing their flexibility and complexity, and introduces four basic investment strategies, simple spread trading, typical volatility trading strategies, and hedging strategies [1] - Volatility (Vol) is defined as the degree of price fluctuation of an asset, serving as a measure of uncertainty in asset returns and reflecting the risk level of the asset [3][4] - High Vol leads to greater price fluctuations and uncertainty in returns, resulting in higher theoretical prices for options. Conversely, low Vol results in lower option prices [4] Group 2 - Historical volatility is calculated using past price data and reflects the asset's price fluctuation over a specified period, serving as a basis for analyzing and predicting other types of volatility [4][6] - Implied volatility (IV) is derived from the actual price of options and reflects the market's expectations of future volatility, with a declining IV indicating a potential decrease in option prices [7] - When uncertain about market direction, various option strategies can be employed, including bullish strategies that anticipate price increases [9] Group 3 - Buying call options allows investors to gain the right to purchase an asset at a predetermined price, with potential unlimited profit if the market price rises, while limiting losses to the premium paid [12][13] - Selling put options involves receiving a premium with the obligation to fulfill the contract if exercised, suitable when the market is expected to remain stable or rise, with maximum profit being the premium received [14][16] - Investors should consider market trends, volatility, and time value when selecting option strategies, and should implement stop-loss and take-profit measures to manage risk and enhance potential returns [16]

Market Overview - On June 3, the A-share market experienced a volatile upward trend, with a total transaction volume of 1.16 trillion yuan, and over 3,400 stocks closing higher, indicating a generally positive market sentiment [1] - The sectors that performed well included precious metals, banking, gaming, and innovative pharmaceuticals, while steel, automotive, liquor, and coal sectors saw declines [1] Index Performance - The performance of various indices showed mixed results: the CSI 1000 index rose by 0.72%, the Sci-Tech 50 index increased by 0.39%, the Shanghai 50 index gained 0.32%, the ChiNext index was up by 0.25%, the CSI 300 index remained flat, and the Shenzhen 100 index fell by 0.11% [1] Options Market Activity - The total options trading volume across the Shanghai and Shenzhen markets, as well as the China Financial Futures Exchange, was 4.05 million contracts, a decrease of 1.84% from the previous trading day, while total open interest rose by 11.55% to 7.60 million contracts [1] - Specifically, the trading volume of the Shanghai 50 ETF options decreased by 4.88%, but open interest increased by 16.58%, with a total of 873,700 contracts traded [1] Options Position Changes - For the June contracts, there was a net increase of 102,900 contracts in total positions, with call options increasing by 40,100 contracts and put options by 62,800 contracts, indicating a stronger increase in put options [1] - The Shanghai 300 ETF options saw a decrease in trading volume by 5.10% on the Shanghai Stock Exchange and 1.53% on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange, while open interest increased by 12.25% and 16.69% respectively [2] Volatility Insights - The implied volatility for the Shanghai 50 ETF options was recorded at 12.06%, with historical volatility remaining low at 8.60% for the 30-day period [3] - The narrowing gap between implied and historical volatility suggests a lack of a dominant market trend, with both call and put options seeing increased positions in the shallow out-of-the-money area, particularly in puts [3]

Report Industry Investment Rating - Not provided in the document Core Viewpoints - The metal sector is mainly divided into non - ferrous metals, precious metals, and black metals. Different option strategies are recommended for each sector and selected varieties based on fundamental analysis, option factor research, and market trends [2][7] Summary by Related Catalogs 1. Metal Option Market Overview - **Futures Market**: The latest prices, price changes, and volume and position changes of various metal futures contracts are presented. For example, copper (CU2507) closed at 77,600, down 390 or 0.50%; nickel (NI2507) closed at 121,100, up 1,360 or 1.14% [3] - **Option Factors - PCR**: The volume and position PCR of various metal options are provided. Volume PCR is used to describe whether the underlying market has a turning point, and position PCR is used to describe the strength of the underlying market. For example, the volume PCR of copper options is 1.90, and the position PCR is 1.26 [4] - **Option Factors - Pressure and Support Levels**: The pressure and support levels of various metal options are analyzed. For example, the pressure point of copper options is 80,000, and the support point is 70,000 [5] - **Option Factors - Implied Volatility**: The implied volatility of various metal options is presented, including at - the - money implied volatility, weighted implied volatility, and the difference between implied and historical volatility. For example, the at - the - money implied volatility of copper options is 12.62%, and the weighted implied volatility is 17.83% [6] 2. Option Strategies for Different Metal Categories Non - ferrous Metals - **Copper Options**: Build a bullish option bull spread strategy, a short - volatility seller option portfolio strategy, and a spot long hedge strategy [8] - **Aluminum/Alumina Options**: Construct a bullish option bull spread strategy, a short - neutral call + put option portfolio strategy, and a spot collar strategy [9] - **Zinc/Lead Options**: Build a short - neutral call + put option portfolio strategy and a spot collar strategy [9] - **Nickel Options**: Construct a short - bearish call + put option portfolio strategy and a spot long hedging strategy [10] - **Tin Options**: Build a bearish option bear spread strategy, a short - volatility strategy, and a spot collar strategy [10] - **Lithium Carbonate Options**: Construct a bearish option bear spread strategy, a short - bearish call + put option portfolio strategy, and a spot long covered call strategy [11] Precious Metals - **Gold/Silver Options**: Build a short - bullish volatility option seller portfolio strategy and a spot hedging strategy [12] Black Metals - **Rebar Options**: Construct a bearish option bear spread strategy, a short - bearish call + put option portfolio strategy, and a spot long covered call strategy [13] - **Iron Ore Options**: Build a short - neutral call + put option portfolio strategy and a spot long collar strategy [13] - **Ferroalloy Options**: Construct a bearish option bear spread strategy and a short - volatility strategy [14] - **Industrial Silicon/Polysilicon Options**: Build a bearish option bear spread strategy, a short - bearish call + put option portfolio strategy, and a spot long covered call strategy [14] - **Glass Options**: Construct a bearish option bear spread strategy, a short - volatility call + put option portfolio strategy, and a spot long collar strategy [15] 3. Metal Option Charts - Charts for various metal options, including price trends, volume, and position changes, PCR indicators, implied volatility, historical volatility cones, and pressure and support levels, are provided, such as for copper, aluminum, and gold options [18][37][148]

能源化工期权 2025-06-03 能源化工期权策略早报 | 卢品先 | 投研经理 | 从业资格号：F3047321 | 交易咨询号：Z0015541 | 邮箱：lupx@wkqh.cn | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 黄柯涵 | 期权研究员 | 从业资格号：F03138607 | 电话：0755-23375252 | 邮箱：huangkh@wkqh.cn | 能源化工期权策略早报概要：能源类：原油、LPG；聚烯烃类期权：聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯、塑料、苯乙烯；聚酯类期 权：对二甲苯、PTA、短纤、瓶片；碱化工类：烧碱、纯碱；其他能源化工类：橡胶等。 策略上：构建卖方为主的期权组合策略以及现货套保或备兑策略增强收益。 表1：标的期货市场概况 | 期权品种 | 标的合约 | 最新价 | 涨跌 | 涨跌幅 | 成交量 | 量变化 | 持仓量 | 仓变化 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | （%） | (万手) | | (万手) | | | 原油 | SC2507 | 448 | -1 ...

1. Report Industry Investment Rating - No relevant content found. 2. Core View of the Report - No relevant content found. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalog - Various percentage data including 23.81%, 0.68%, 25.86% etc. are presented [1][2] - Ranges such as 60% - 70% are mentioned [1][2] - Multiple time - series data comparisons between 5/30/2025 and 5/23/2025 are shown with different percentage values and time intervals (1M, 2M, 3M, 6M, 9M, 1Y) [8][14][21] - Different numerical ranges like 0 - 50000, 0 - 100000 etc. are provided [3][13][27]

1. Report Summary 1.1 Financial Option Trading Volumes and Positions - This week, the average daily trading volume of 50ETF options was 966,000 contracts, a -2.11% decrease from the previous week. The put - call trading ratio was 1.15, higher than the historical average, and the put - call position ratio last week was 0.98, also above the historical average [2]. - Huatai - Berry 300ETF options had an average daily trading volume of 718,900 contracts and an average daily position of 1,192,100 contracts; Southern China CSI 500ETF options had an average daily trading volume of 1,066,700 contracts and an average daily position of 1,266,600 contracts; Huaxia Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation 50ETF options had an average daily trading volume of 470,300 contracts and an average daily position of 1,557,500 contracts; Shenzhen 100ETF options had an average daily trading volume of 49,800 contracts and an average daily position of 102,800 contracts; ChiNext ETF options had an average daily trading volume of 892,400 contracts and an average daily position of 1,317,300 contracts; CSI 300 index options had an average daily trading volume of 48,800 lots and an average daily position of 162,800 lots; CSI 1000 index options had an average daily trading volume of 139,300 lots and an average daily position of 246,000 lots [2]. 1.2 Volatility - As of the close on Friday, the implied volatility of CSI 300 index options was 13.26%, a 0.25% decrease from a week ago; the implied volatility of 50ETF options was 12.79%, a 1.13% decrease from a week ago; the implied volatility of CSI 1000 index options was 18.90%, a 2.71% decrease from a week ago. The South China 50ETF option volatility index was 14.66, the South China CSI 300 option volatility index was 15.74, and the South China CSI 1000 option volatility index was 21.32 [3].

Report Title - Metal Options Strategy Morning Report [1] Report Date - May 30, 2025 Core Viewpoints - For non - ferrous metals in consolidation and oscillation, construct short - volatility strategies; for the black series in weak consolidation, construct bearish price - spread combination strategies and seller option combination strategies; for precious metals after a sharp rebound and then a small consolidation, construct short - volatility strategies and spot hedging strategies [2] Industry Investment Rating - Not provided in the report Summary by Relevant Catalogs 1. Futures Market Overview - Different metal futures have various price changes, trading volumes, and open interest changes. For example, the copper futures contract CU2507 has a latest price of 77,850, a decline of 140, and a decline rate of - 0.18%, with a trading volume of 8.02 million lots and an open interest of 17.48 million lots [3] 2. Option Factors - Volume and Open Interest PCR - The volume and open interest PCR of different metal options show different trends. For instance, the copper option has a volume PCR of 1.34 with a change of 0.07 and an open interest PCR of 1.17 with a change of - 0.05 [4] 3. Option Factors - Pressure and Support Levels - From the perspective of option factors, different metal options have corresponding pressure and support levels. For example, the pressure level of copper is 80,000 and the support level is 70,000 [5] 4. Option Factors - Implied Volatility - The implied volatility of different metal options varies. For example, the copper option has a flat - value implied volatility of 11.92%, a weighted implied volatility of 16.53% with a change of 0.05 [6] 5. Strategy and Recommendations for Different Metals Non - ferrous Metals - **Copper**: Construct a bullish option bull - spread combination strategy, a short - volatility seller option combination strategy, and a spot long - hedging strategy [8] - **Aluminum/Alumina**: Construct a bullish option bull - spread combination strategy, a short - neutral call + put option combination strategy, and a spot collar strategy [9] - **Zinc/Lead**: Construct a short - neutral call + put option combination strategy and a spot collar strategy [9] - **Nickel**: Construct a short - bearish call + put option combination strategy and a spot long - hedging strategy [10] - **Tin**: Construct a bearish option bear - spread combination strategy, a short - volatility strategy, and a spot collar strategy [10] - **Lithium Carbonate**: Construct a bearish option bear - spread combination strategy, a short - bearish call + put option combination strategy, and a spot covered - call strategy [11] Precious Metals - **Gold/Silver**: Construct a short - neutral short - volatility option seller combination strategy and a spot hedging strategy [12] Black Series - **Rebar**: Construct a bearish option bear - spread combination strategy, a short - bearish call + put option combination strategy, and a spot covered - call strategy [13] - **Iron Ore**: Construct a short - neutral call + put option combination strategy and a spot long - collar strategy [13] - **Ferroalloys**: Construct a short - volatility strategy [14] - **Industrial Silicon/Polysilicon**: Construct a bearish option bear - spread combination strategy, a short - bearish call + put option combination strategy, and a spot covered - call strategy [14] - **Glass**: Construct a bearish option bear - spread combination strategy, a short - volatility call + put option combination strategy, and a spot long - collar strategy [15]

1. Report Industry Investment Rating There is no information provided regarding the industry investment rating in the given document. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - The agricultural product options market shows different trends in various sectors. Oilseeds and oils are in a range - bound consolidation, with oils and beans showing a weak trend. Agricultural by - products are in a volatile trend, soft commodities like sugar are weak and cotton is in a high - level consolidation after a rebound. Grains such as corn and starch are gradually warming up and then in a narrow - range consolidation [2]. - Strategies suggest constructing option portfolio strategies mainly based on sellers, as well as spot hedging or covered call strategies to enhance returns [2]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1. Futures Market Overview - Different agricultural product options have different price movements, trading volumes, and open interest changes. For example, the price of soybeans (A2507) increased by 0.29% to 4,123, with a trading volume of 10.04 million lots and an open interest of 14.44 million lots [3]. 3.2. Option Factors - Volume and Open Interest PCR - Volume PCR and open interest PCR are used to describe the strength of the option underlying market and the turning point of the market. For instance, the volume PCR of soybeans (A2507) is 1.00 with a change of 0.32, and the open interest PCR is 0.48 with a change of 0.02 [4]. 3.3. Option Factors - Pressure and Support Levels - Pressure and support levels of option underlyings are determined by the strike prices of the maximum open interest of call and put options. For example, the pressure level of soybeans (A2507) is 4,300 and the support level is 4,000 [5]. 3.4. Option Factors - Implied Volatility - Implied volatility includes at - the - money implied volatility, weighted implied volatility, and the difference between implied and historical volatility. For example, the at - the - money implied volatility of soybeans (A2507) is 10.005%, and the weighted implied volatility is 13.50% with a change of - 0.47 [6]. 3.5. Option Strategies and Recommendations 3.5.1. Oilseeds and Oils Options - **Soybeans (A2507, B2509)**: In terms of fundamentals, soybean inventory decreased week - on - week but increased year - on - year. The market is in a high - level consolidation. Option strategies include constructing a neutral short call + put option portfolio and a long collar strategy for spot hedging [7]. - **Soybean Meal (M2507), Rapeseed Meal (RM2507)**: The trading volume of soybean meal decreased. The market is in a rebound and consolidation. Option strategies include constructing a neutral short call + put option portfolio and a long collar strategy for spot hedging [9]. - **Palm Oil (P2507), Soybean Oil (Y2507), Rapeseed Oil (OI2507)**: The inventory of the three major oils decreased week - on - week but increased year - on - year. The market is in a volatile trend. Option strategies include constructing a neutral short call + put option portfolio and a long collar strategy for spot hedging [10]. - **Peanuts (PK2510)**: The price of peanuts has rebounded after a long - term decline. Option strategies include constructing a bull call spread for directional trading and a long + put + short call strategy for spot hedging [11]. 3.5.2. Agricultural By - products Options - **Pigs (LH2507)**: The spot price of pigs is weak in the short term. The market is in a wide - range consolidation. Option strategies include constructing a neutral short call + put option portfolio and a covered call strategy for spot hedging [11]. - **Eggs (JD2507)**: The inventory of laying hens is increasing, and the market is in a downward trend. Option strategies include constructing a bear put spread for directional trading and a short call + put option portfolio with a short delta for volatility trading [12]. - **Apples (AP2510)**: The cold - storage inventory of apples decreased. The market is in a weak downward trend. Option strategies include constructing a bear put spread for directional trading and a short call + put option portfolio with a short delta for volatility trading [12]. - **Jujubes (CJ2509)**: The market trading of jujubes is light. The market is in a weak downward trend. Option strategies include constructing a bear put spread for directional trading, a short strangle for volatility trading, and a covered call strategy for spot hedging [13]. 3.5.3. Soft Commodities Options - **Sugar (SR2507)**: The export volume of Brazilian sugar to China decreased. The market is in a weak and volatile trend. Option strategies include constructing a short call + put option portfolio with a short delta and a long collar strategy for spot hedging [13]. - **Cotton (CF2507)**: The开机 rate of spinning mills decreased slightly, and the market is in a volatile trend after a rebound. Option strategies include constructing a neutral short call + put option portfolio and a covered call strategy for spot hedging [14]. 3.5.4. Grains Options - **Corn (C2507), Starch (CS2507)**: The price of corn in the northeast decreased slightly, and the market is in a rectangular - range consolidation. Option strategies include constructing a neutral short call + put option portfolio [14].

金融期权 2025/05/30 金融期权策略早报 | 卢品先 | 投研经理 | 从业资格号：F3047321 | 交易咨询号：Z0015541 | 邮箱：lupx@wkqh.cn | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 黄柯涵 | 期权研究员 | 从业资格号：F03138607 | 电话：0755-23375252 | 邮箱：huangkh@wkqh.cn | 金融期权策略早报概要： （1）股市短评：金融期权震荡上涨，中小盘股和创业板股表现震荡偏强。 （2）金融期权波动性分析：金融期权隐含波动率历史较低水平水平波动。 （3）金融期权策略与建议：对于ETF期权来说，适合构建备兑策略和偏中性的双卖策略，垂直价差组合策略；对于 股指期权来说，适合构建偏中性的双卖策略和期权合成期货多头或空头与期货空头或多头做套利策略。 表1：金融市场重要指数概况 | 重要指数 | 指数代码 | 收盘价 | 涨跌 | 涨跌幅 | 成交额 | 额变化 | PE | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | （%） | (亿元) ...