新华社柏林11月20日电 题：透视破产潮背后的德国经济困局 新华社记者李函林 啤酒厂破产导致大型连锁超市供货受影响、知名面包供应商破产造成部分地区烘焙产品断档、巧克 力制造商宣布将在明年复活节生产季结束后退出市场……近期德国主流媒体类似报道屡见不鲜。 然而，食品和消费品领域的震荡还不是全貌，更深层的压力正在德国经济的"中坚力量"——中型制 造企业中显现。在能源价格高企、出口订单减少以及美国高关税等多重因素挤压下，许多深耕本地和出 口市场几十年甚至上百年的德国家族企业纷纷感到难以为继。 例如，主营起重机与重型吊装设备的许弗曼公司表示，高关税叠加经济疲软，使经营遭遇断崖式恶 化。百年陶瓷品牌罗森塔尔也宣布关闭主力工厂，而成立于1905年的针织机械制造商迈耶西在全球贸易 动荡冲击下最终申请破产保护。 随着破产案例不断攀升，德国制造业长期积累的结构性问题日益凸显。德国工业的支柱不仅靠跨国 巨头，更依赖数量庞大、分布广泛的中型家族企业，它们在全球供应链中承担着关键零部件制造和工艺 支持。然而，正是被视为"德国实力核心"的这一层如今正面临前所未有的挑战。 就业受冲击 随着破产潮蔓延，德国政商界围绕企业困境"病因"与应对" ...

Group 1 - The South Korean e-commerce platform, Weimip, has officially declared bankruptcy due to debt issues, following a restructuring process that lasted 1 year and 4 months [1] - Approximately 108,000 victims are affected by the Weimip debt incident, with total losses amounting to about 580 billion KRW (approximately 2.8 billion CNY) [1] - Weimip's total assets are reported to be 48.6 billion KRW (approximately 2.4 million CNY), while total liabilities stand at 4.462 trillion KRW (approximately 22 billion CNY), indicating a severe financial crisis with almost no liquid assets [1] Group 2 - A committee formed by the victims has stated that the recovery rate is "0%", meaning they will not receive any compensation [3] - The committee criticized the current legal system in South Korea for failing to address the realities of the online commerce industry [3] Group 3 - Weimip is a subsidiary of the Singapore-based Korean e-commerce company Qutian and was once the fourth-largest e-commerce platform in South Korea [5] - The company applied for restructuring in late July last year, citing operational difficulties due to unpaid merchant payments and failure to refund consumers [5]

有分析人士指出，来德爱此前曾通过疯狂并购实现规模扩张，但收购资产后的整合能力不足，导致 公司管理效率低下，最终被迫关闭大量门店。此外，公司因涉嫌开具数十万张不符合法律要求的阿 片类药物处方，导致公司面临巨额法律诉讼费用，也加剧了公司走向破产。 来源｜ 央视财经 【 热门视频推荐 】 据央视财经报道，来德爱公司近日在其官网发布声明称，全美所有门店现已关闭，感谢顾客多年来 的支持。目前网站仅保留处方记录转移和附近药房查询功能，其余服务均已停止。 点击在 看 持续关注↓↓↓ 这家连锁药店于1962年在美国宾夕法尼亚州开业，曾在全美多州经营着上千家门店。不过，由于 涉嫌非法开具阿片类药物处方，来德爱陷入法律纠纷，负债超过40亿美元，于2023年10月首次申 请破产保护。2024年9月公司重组后债务削减20亿美元，获得了25亿美元运营资金。今年5月，来 德爱再次申请破产保护，其剩余门店数已较2023年减少了一半，缩减至约1250家。 ...

有分析人士指出，来德爱此前曾通过疯狂并购实现规模扩张，但收购资产后的整合能力不足，导致公司 管理效率低下，最终被迫关闭大量门店。此外，公司因涉嫌开具数十万张不符合法律要求的阿片类药物 处方，导致公司面临巨额法律诉讼费用，也加剧了公司走向破产。 SFC 来源丨央视财经 据央视财经报道，来德爱公司3日在其官网发布声明称，全美所有门店现已关闭，感谢顾客多年来的支 持。目前网站仅保留处方记录转移和附近药房查询功能，其余服务均已停止。 这家连锁药店于1962年在美国宾夕法尼亚州开业，曾在全美多州经营着上千家门店。不过，由于涉嫌非 法开具阿片类药物处方，来德爱陷入法律纠纷，负债超过40亿美元，于2023年10月首次申请破产保护。 2024年9月公司重组后债务削减20亿美元，获得了25亿美元运营资金。今年5月，来德爱再次申请破产保 护，其剩余门店数已较2023年减少了一半，缩减至约1250家。 编辑丨黎雨桐 21君荐读 ...

Core Insights - The number of companies applying for standard bankruptcy procedures in Germany increased by 19.2% year-on-year in July 2025, marking the largest increase since October of the previous year [1] - The Federal Statistical Office noted that standard bankruptcy procedures are only included in statistics after the first ruling by the bankruptcy court, indicating that actual bankruptcy applications often occur about three months earlier [1] Bankruptcy Statistics - In May, a total of 2,036 companies reported bankruptcy applications, representing a 5.3% increase compared to the same month last year [1] - The total claims from creditors amounted to approximately €3.2 billion, which is lower than the €3.4 billion reported in the same period last year [1] - The transportation and storage sector experienced the highest frequency of bankruptcies, with 10.9 bankruptcies per 10,000 companies, followed by the construction sector (9.4) and the accommodation and food service sector (9.0) [1] Economic Context - Economic experts from the German Chamber of Commerce and Industry (DIHK) indicated that the economic crisis in Germany is ongoing, with the past two years of economic recession having weakened the liquidity of many companies [1] - The Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH) suggested that the increase in bankruptcies is not only related to economic downturns but also to the long-term effects of low interest rates that previously suppressed bankruptcies and government support during the pandemic that allowed some already fragile companies to survive [1] - Since mid-2022, rising interest rates and the cessation of aid have triggered a "compensatory effect" leading to increased corporate bankruptcies [1]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the need for a supportive system that allows entrepreneurs to exit gracefully from business failures, highlighting the psychological and legal barriers that prevent them from filing for bankruptcy [2][10][20]. Group 1: Bankruptcy System and Challenges - The article discusses the existence of the Bankruptcy Law since 2007, which provides a structured exit for financially troubled companies through liquidation or reorganization [3][6]. - Despite 1.89 billion registered market entities in 2024, only about 100,000 bankruptcy cases were filed, indicating a reluctance to utilize the legal framework [6][20]. - Cultural stigma surrounding bankruptcy leads many entrepreneurs to view it as a personal failure, deterring them from seeking legal protection [9][10]. - The complexity of initiating bankruptcy proceedings, including employee management and creditor negotiations, often results in companies avoiding this route [12][18]. Group 2: Legal and Institutional Shortcomings - The lack of a unified personal bankruptcy system in China exacerbates the challenges faced by entrepreneurs, as personal assets are often at risk when businesses fail [22][25]. - The article highlights the inefficiencies in the bankruptcy process, with an average resolution time of around two years, due to conflicting interests among creditors and the need for government intervention [18][19]. - The absence of independent bankruptcy courts and clear cross-border bankruptcy regulations further complicates the situation for companies operating internationally [19][20]. Group 3: Recommendations for Improvement - Suggestions for reform include enhancing the reorganization mechanism within the bankruptcy law, allowing for pre-bankruptcy negotiations with creditors to improve success rates [29][30]. - The article advocates for a cultural shift to normalize bankruptcy as a legitimate business tool, alongside improving social safety nets for affected employees [32][33]. - It emphasizes the importance of building a trustworthy environment where all parties adhere to principles of honesty and integrity to facilitate smoother bankruptcy proceedings [33].

Group 1 - The Turkish Finance Minister, Simsek, stated that despite facing significant internal and external shocks, the economy is entering a positive cycle again [1] - The number of bankrupt companies from January to June is approximately 3,072, which represents only 0.69% of the total private sector turnover, 0.59% of total exports, 0.78% of total employment, and 0.88% of total cash loans [1] - The goal is to reduce the annual inflation rate from the current 35% to around 20% by the end of the year [1]

Core Viewpoint - Zhong Xue Gao Food (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. has filed for bankruptcy review due to inability to repay debts and insufficient assets to cover liabilities [1] Company Overview - Zhong Xue Gao Food (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. was established in March 2018 with a registered capital of approximately 1.203 billion RMB [1] - The company's business scope includes food sales, retail of agricultural products, daily necessities sales, and internet sales among others [1] Legal Issues - The company has multiple negative legal records including being a defendant in enforcement cases, consumption restrictions, and being listed as a dishonest executor [1] - As of 2024, the company has only 2 insured employees [1]

Core Viewpoint - The company Zhongxuegao Food (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. is undergoing bankruptcy review due to its inability to repay debts and insufficient assets to cover liabilities, leading to multiple legal issues and a significant decline in operations [1][3][8]. Group 1: Bankruptcy and Legal Issues - Zhongxuegao Food has been officially filed for bankruptcy review by Shanghai Zhenliao Trading Co., Ltd., with the case being handled by the Shanghai Third Intermediate People's Court [1][2]. - The company has a total of 10 execution cases with a total amount of approximately 23.03 million yuan [5]. - The company has been unable to repay due debts, prompting the court to suspend execution and transfer the case for bankruptcy filing [3][5]. Group 2: Financial Performance and Business Decline - Zhongxuegao achieved remarkable growth initially, with revenue surpassing 1 billion yuan in its first year and over 10 billion yuan in 2021 [6][8]. - However, the company faced a turning point in 2022 due to public controversies and subsequent issues such as unpaid salaries and employee turnover [8][9]. - Currently, the company has only two insured employees, and six out of its 14 wholly-owned subsidiaries have been deregistered [8]. Group 3: Operational Adjustments and Future Prospects - To mitigate financial distress, Zhongxuegao has been downsizing, including office space reduction and significant staff layoffs, with reports of 729 employees owed salaries [8][9]. - The product lineup has shrunk significantly, with only three flavors currently available for sale, compared to over 20 during peak times [9][11]. - The company has attempted to diversify through sub-brands, but these efforts have largely failed, with new brands disappearing from both online and offline channels [11].

Core Viewpoint - The sudden bankruptcy of Zhongzhi Group, once the largest private financial group in China, has raised significant concerns in the financial industry, with implications that may surpass the previous Evergrande crisis [3][8]. Group 1: Company Overview - Zhongzhi Group was established in 1995 and initially profited from the timber business before diversifying into various sectors including mining, clothing, catering, and cement [4]. - The group entered the real estate market in 1997 and later shifted focus to the more lucrative financial sector, engaging in equity acquisitions of small and medium enterprises and wealth management [4]. Group 2: Financial Structure and Impact - Zhongzhi Group controlled or held stakes in six licensed financial institutions and had nine publicly listed companies under its control, making it a significant player in the financial industry [6]. - The group managed assets that peaked at 3.6 trillion, surpassing Evergrande's scale, but is now facing liabilities exceeding 400 billion, leading to a severe insolvency situation [3][6]. Group 3: Reasons for Bankruptcy - The group's financial troubles were exacerbated by poor investment decisions, including significant losses from investments in problematic stocks like LeEco and Kangde Xin, and the death of its founder in 2021, which destabilized the organization [11]. - Zhongzhi Group's aggressive investments in the real estate sector during a downturn, particularly from 2021 onwards, resulted in substantial financial losses [12]. - High-yield financial products offered by its wealth management companies attracted investors with promised returns of 10%-12%, but the inability to meet these obligations has led to significant losses for investors [14]. Group 4: Investor Impact - The bankruptcy has affected approximately 150,000 high-net-worth individuals, with total claims reaching 230 billion, and many investors facing losses of over 3 million each [8][14]. - The likelihood of recovering investments post-bankruptcy is extremely low, as remaining assets will first cover employee wages and debts to banks and creditors before any potential returns to investors [14].