Core Insights - The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded for the discovery of regulatory T cells, which play a crucial role in immunology and have potential applications in treating diseases like cancer and autoimmune disorders [1][5][13] - Despite the excitement surrounding this discovery, there are currently no approved drugs on the market that are based on regulatory T cells [3][4] - The timeline for potential therapies utilizing regulatory T cells is uncertain, with estimates suggesting it could take up to 20 years for effective treatments to emerge [5][16] Industry Trends - Several biotechnology companies founded by the Nobel laureates are focused on developing therapies that target regulatory T cells, but their products are still in early research stages [6] - The overall outlook for cell therapies, aside from CAR-T, is not optimistic, with some companies, like Takeda, halting their investments in cell therapy [7][8] - The advancements in cancer and autoimmune disease treatments over the past 30 years have largely not involved regulatory T cells, with significant breakthroughs coming from other areas of immunology [10][11] Research and Development Challenges - The journey from scientific discovery to practical application is lengthy, and the complexity of diseases may limit the effectiveness of therapies targeting regulatory T cells [16][18] - Potential safety concerns and manufacturing challenges could hinder the development of drugs based on regulatory T cells, as altering their function may lead to severe adverse reactions [18]

Core Viewpoint - Japan has produced three Nobel Prize winners in the field of immunology, highlighting its strong research capabilities despite recent declines in global rankings [12]. Group 1: Key Contributions of Japanese Researchers - Shimon Sakaguchi, the latest Nobel laureate, discovered that removing specific immune cells can activate immune responses, leading to autoimmune diseases [3][5]. - The research on regulatory T cells by Sakaguchi has significant implications for cancer treatment, with Rakuten Medical initiating clinical trials for a new cancer therapy targeting these cells [5]. - The emergence of gene manipulation technologies in the 1970s spurred global interest in immunology, with Japanese researchers making notable contributions [7]. Group 2: Historical Context and Influential Figures - Notable figures in Japanese immunology include Shohei Hayashi, who made groundbreaking discoveries in oxygenase and was considered a strong candidate for the Nobel Prize [9]. - Tadao Takahashi and Tadamitsu Kishimoto are other key scholars who have significantly advanced the field, with Kishimoto's work leading to the development of blockbuster drugs like Actemra [10][11]. - The legacy of these researchers has fostered a robust environment for immunology in Japan, with many students and successors continuing their impactful work [9][10]. Group 3: Current Challenges and Future Directions - Despite its historical strengths, Japan's scientific competitiveness is declining, necessitating policies to nurture talent and translate research into innovation [12][13].

Core Viewpoint - The article announces the launch of the open-access journal "Immunity & Inflammation," focusing on significant scientific issues and advancements in the fields of immunology and inflammation [2][4]. Group 1: Journal Overview - "Immunity & Inflammation" is co-edited by prominent figures in immunology, including Nobel laureates and leading researchers from various countries [2][5]. - The journal aims to bridge foundational insights with medical innovations, publishing high-quality original research, reviews, and highlights across basic, translational, and clinical research [6]. Group 2: Research Focus - The journal particularly welcomes studies exploring the dual nature of inflammation, inflammation-driven diseases, novel anti-inflammatory interventions, and groundbreaking findings in immune regulation [6]. - It encourages interdisciplinary research, including the use of artificial intelligence and digital health technologies, and aims to establish new standards in relevant research and practice areas [6]. Group 3: Editorial Commitment - The journal is committed to maintaining the highest standards of scientific ethics, integrity, transparency, and reproducibility [6][7]. - It invites global scientific communities to collaborate and contribute to making "Immunity & Inflammation" a vibrant and impactful academic platform [7].

Group 1 - The article introduces Professor Song Zhenju, who holds multiple prestigious positions in emergency medicine and clinical research, including Director of the Emergency Department at Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital and Vice President of the same hospital [1] - Professor Song has led numerous national and provincial research projects, published extensively in high-impact journals, and holds multiple patents, indicating a strong research background and contributions to the field [1] Group 2 - The research directions focus on Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) mechanisms and interventions, organ damage from sepsis, and mechanisms and interventions for acute poisoning [6] Group 3 - Recruitment is open for postdoctoral positions in fields such as Clinical Medicine, Life Sciences, Biology, Biomedical Engineering, and Pharmacy [3] - Candidates must be under 35 years old, have a strong academic background, and have published at least one SCI paper [5] Group 4 - Compensation will follow national and Fudan University standards, with additional rewards for outstanding performance during the contract period [7] Group 5 - Applicants are required to submit a detailed CV, proof of doctoral degree, and 1-3 representative papers [8] - Contact information for applications is provided, with specific instructions for email subject lines [9][10]

Group 1 - Sanofi is acquiring Blueprint Medicines Corp for $9.1 billion in equity value, enhancing its pipeline in rare immune diseases [1][2] - The acquisition price is set at $129 per share, representing a 27% premium over Blueprint's closing price last Friday [1] - Blueprint shareholders will receive a contingent value right (CVR) worth an additional $2 to $4 per share if the BLU-808 drug meets certain development and regulatory milestones [1] Group 2 - This acquisition reflects Sanofi's ambition to establish a leadership position in immunology, following a previous announcement to acquire Dren Bio, Inc. for up to $1.9 billion [1] - Blueprint Medicines has a strong clinical network among specialists and a pipeline that includes several immunotherapy candidates [2] - The total value of the transaction, including potential CVR payments, is approximately $9.5 billion, with Sanofi expecting the deal to close in the third quarter without significant impact on its 2025 financial guidance [2]