李小加对其所做的事情进行了高度的概括：所有金融产品本质 上都是一种互换，即用当下的资金，换取未来的现金流或价 值。 作者： 老盈盈 封图：受访者供图 编者按：2025年，经济观察报以"我们的四分之一世纪"为年终特刊主题，旨在通过数十位时代亲历者的故事，共绘一幅属于这段岁月的集体记忆图 谱。 外国人常称呼李小加为"Mr. Connect（联通先生）"，"联通"这个词几乎贯穿了他整个金融职业生涯。 早年间，李小加在投行任职时，核心就是搭建中国企业与国际资本的桥梁，把"中国货"（内地企业）带到香港市场，吸引"世界的钱"（国际资本）投 入。20世纪90年代，第一批内地企业以H股、红筹股的模式赴港上市，国际资本得以通过香港枢纽进入内地市场，支持内地企业发展。 后来，李小加加入香港交易所（下称"港交所"）任职行政总裁，延续了"联通"的核心思路，不断拓展互联互通的边界。无论是股票、商品，还是清算体 系、投资标准，核心都是要把中国这个巨大的经济体和金融市场，从各个关键维度与世界进行深度绑定，真正实现全方位的互联互通。 4年前，李小加创立滴灌通，这次他"联通"的是全球资本与小微企业，在微观层面打通小微企业的金融供给通道，通过分 ...

经济观察报 记者 老盈盈 编者按：2025年，经济观察报以"我们的四分之一世纪"为年终特刊主题，旨在通过数十位时代亲历者的 故事，共绘一幅属于这段岁月的集体记忆图谱。 外国人常称呼李小加为"Mr. Connect（联通先生）"，"联通"这个词几乎贯穿了他整个金融职业生涯。 早年间，李小加在投行任职时，核心就是搭建中国企业与国际资本的桥梁，把"中国货"（内地企业）带 到香港市场，吸引"世界的钱"（国际资本）投入。20世纪90年代，第一批内地企业以H股、红筹股的模 式赴港上市，国际资本得以通过香港枢纽进入内地市场，支持内地企业发展。 后来，李小加加入香港交易所（下称"港交所"）任职行政总裁，延续了"联通"的核心思路，不断拓展互 联互通的边界。无论是股票、商品，还是清算体系、投资标准，核心都是要把中国这个巨大的经济体和 金融市场，从各个关键维度与世界进行深度绑定，真正实现全方位的互联互通。 4年前，李小加创立滴灌通，这次他"联通"的是全球资本与小微企业，在微观层面打通小微企业的金融 供给通道，通过分散化、标准化设计控制风险，既让金融"水流"抵达末梢经济主体，又避免局部风险扩 散。 12月初，经济观察报记者在位于香港 ...

Core Viewpoint - The discussion highlights the difference between innovative and follower companies, with a focus on the characteristics of Chinese and American enterprises, suggesting that many Chinese tech companies are more follower-oriented rather than truly innovative [1][3][25]. Group 1: Innovation Types - Innovative companies are often characterized by disruptive and pioneering innovations, while follower companies tend to build upon existing technologies and innovations [3][25]. - Chinese companies, despite significant R&D investments, are often seen as following the technological paths established by American firms, leading to a perception of lower innovation capability [3][10]. Group 2: Entrepreneurial Spirit - The lack of personal heroism and risk-taking among Chinese entrepreneurs is identified as a key factor differentiating them from their American counterparts, who often exhibit traits associated with personal heroism [4][7]. - The societal acceptance of risk-taking and individualism is lower in China, which impacts the willingness of entrepreneurs to pursue groundbreaking innovations [6][7]. Group 3: Institutional Support - The structure of corporate governance in the U.S., such as dual-class share structures, allows entrepreneurs like Elon Musk to maintain control and drive innovation, while Chinese companies are restricted by a "one share, one vote" system [9][10]. - Recent policy changes in China aim to support dual-class share structures, potentially fostering a more conducive environment for individual heroism in tech innovation [9][10]. Group 4: Economic and Technological Context - The economic development stage of a country significantly influences the characteristics of its enterprises, with China being in a different phase compared to the U.S., affecting innovation capabilities [10][11]. - Historical context plays a role in the current technological landscape, with foundational innovations occurring long before China's current tech advancements [12][13]. Group 5: Collective Innovation - China's approach to innovation often involves collective efforts and technology diffusion, leading to significant advancements in sectors like electric vehicles and solar energy, driven by government support and market demand [19][20]. - The combination of government policies and market competition has enabled Chinese companies to achieve global competitiveness, particularly in established technologies [20][21]. Group 6: Challenges of Over-Reliance on Technology - The rapid adoption of technologies like 5G has raised concerns about over-investment and the actual utility of such advancements for ordinary users, indicating a potential mismatch between technological progress and practical applications [22][23]. - The example of high-speed rail investments illustrates the risks of overextending resources without guaranteed profitability, highlighting the need for careful evaluation of technological investments [23][24].

Core Viewpoint - Hong Kong is experiencing a significant resurgence as an international financial center, with the Hang Seng Index and Hang Seng Tech Index showing substantial growth, driven by global capital seeking diversification and safe havens [1] Financial Technology and Asset Tokenization - Hong Kong has risen to the top position in the Global Financial Center Index for fintech, emphasizing a shift from speculative practices to empowering the real economy through technology [2] - The Hong Kong government successfully issued its largest digital green bond, totaling HKD 10 billion, marking a significant milestone in asset tokenization [2] Stablecoins and Regulatory Approach - The Hong Kong government is cautiously approaching stablecoins, with legal frameworks in place and a limited initial issuance planned for next year, focusing on solving real economic issues rather than speculation [3] Capital Market Reforms - Hong Kong is implementing T+1 settlement to enhance market efficiency, with plans to release a consultation document next year to facilitate this transition [4] - The Hong Kong Stock Exchange anticipates that by 2027, 88% of global stock markets will adopt T+1 or T+0 settlement cycles, improving synergy with A-shares [4] Asset Management Growth - As of the end of 2024, assets under management in Hong Kong exceeded USD 4 trillion, with approximately 60% from overseas, highlighting both past achievements and future potential [5] Commodity Market Expansion - Hong Kong is actively expanding its commodity market, achieving significant milestones such as being included in the London Metal Exchange's global delivery network and increasing gold trading volumes [7][8] - The average daily trading volume of gold in Hong Kong exceeded HKD 940 million in 2024, reflecting the market's vitality [7] Support for Outbound Chinese Enterprises - The number of companies with overseas parent companies based in Hong Kong reached a record high of 9,960 in 2024, with a significant portion from mainland China [9] - The Hong Kong government is integrating various agencies to support mainland enterprises in their global expansion efforts [9][10] Global Financial Center Positioning - Hong Kong aims to solidify its role as a "stable cornerstone" in the global investment landscape, leveraging its unique advantages to attract family offices and optimize tax policies [11] - The government is exploring tax incentives to attract global corporate treasury centers to Hong Kong, addressing the growing demand for high-end financial services from outbound enterprises [12][13] Gold Market Strategy - Hong Kong is enhancing its gold storage capacity to 2,000 tons and is collaborating with the Shanghai Gold Exchange to strengthen its position in the global gold market [8][15] - The establishment of a central clearing system for gold is planned for next year, aiming to attract international capital seeking safe storage options [15] Financial Innovation and Market Competitiveness - The government is focused on optimizing the "same share, different rights" system to align with international standards while protecting small investors [17] - Continuous market rule optimization is expected to enhance the breadth and depth of the market, reinforcing Hong Kong's competitiveness as an international financial center [17]

Core Viewpoint - JD.com successfully listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, opening at HKD 239 per share, a 5.75% increase from its issue price of HKD 226, with a total market capitalization of HKD 738.6 billion, highlighting the trend of Chinese companies pursuing secondary listings in Hong Kong [1][3]. Group 1: Market Context - The secondary listing of JD.com is part of a broader trend in the financial market, with 234 Chinese concept stocks listed in the U.S., including major companies like JD.com, Alibaba, NetEase, and Pinduoduo, collectively valued over USD 1.2 trillion [1]. - JD.com and Alibaba initially chose to list in the U.S. due to the "same share, different rights" issue in Hong Kong, which would have led to a loss of control for their founders, impacting long-term strategic goals [1]. Group 2: Listing Details - JD.com’s secondary listing involved offering 5% of its circulating shares in Hong Kong, allowing the company to detach from the U.S. market while avoiding high costs associated with a full exit [3]. - The new shares were priced at a discount of approximately 4% compared to the closing price of its U.S. depositary receipts, with a subscription rate of 180 times, attracting around HKD 285 billion in frozen capital, making it the most subscribed IPO of the year [3]. Group 3: Financial Performance and Future Outlook - Since achieving profitability in 2017, JD.com has reported 17 consecutive quarters of profit based on non-GAAP measures, indicating strong financial health [5]. - The company’s business model, similar to Amazon's, focuses on self-operated sales with strong control over logistics and supply chains, which has established JD.com as a go-to platform for quality and large-item purchases [5]. - The recent listing is expected to enhance JD.com’s cash flow, providing opportunities for market share expansion, making the company's future prospects promising [5].

Core Viewpoint - Hong Kong Stock Exchange (HKEX) is open to reviewing the "Weighted Voting Rights (WVR)" listing rules, indicating a willingness to adapt to market feedback and improve the listing system [1] Group 1: Listing Rules and Governance - HKEX has revised its listing rules, which now require boards to have a non-single gender composition and to include at least one director of a different gender [1] - The next step for HKEX is to establish a talent pool for female directors to ensure a steady supply of qualified candidates [1] Group 2: Market Position and Applications - HKEX is viewed as a stable and reliable market for US-listed Chinese companies considering a listing in Hong Kong, particularly due to its attractive interconnectivity trading mechanisms with mainland China [1] - Currently, HKEX is processing over 300 listing applications, with the actual number expected to be higher when including confidential submissions [1]

Core Viewpoint - Hong Kong Stock Exchange (HKEX) is open to reviewing the "Weighted Voting Rights (WVR)" listing rules following the recent amendments to its listing regulations, which now require boards to include at least one director of a different gender [1] Group 1: Listing Rules and Gender Diversity - The newly revised listing rules require boards to have non-single gender representation and mandate the inclusion of at least one director of a different gender [1] - HKEX plans to establish a talent pool for female directors to ensure a steady supply of qualified candidates [1] Group 2: Market Feedback and Future Improvements - HKEX has received market feedback indicating that certain areas of the listing system may benefit from further review and improvement [1] - The exchange emphasizes that shareholders can determine the company structure and have a more equitable voice in companies with WVR [1] Group 3: Attractiveness for US-listed Chinese Companies - HKEX is positioned as a stable and reliable market for US-listed Chinese companies considering a listing in Hong Kong, particularly due to its attractive interconnectivity trading mechanisms with mainland China [1] - Currently, HKEX is processing over 300 listing applications, with the number expected to increase when including confidential submissions [1]

Group 1 - The Hong Kong Securities and Futures Commission (SFC) and the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (HKEX) are expected to consult on optimizing the dual-class share listing rules to facilitate the listing of Chinese companies in the U.S. on the Hong Kong market [1] - The SFC Chairman emphasized the importance of protecting minority shareholders' interests while discussing potential relaxations on voting rights for dual-class shares [1] - The definition of "innovation industry" may need to be re-evaluated to prevent ineligible companies from being included under the new rules, ensuring market fairness and coherence in the WVR sector [1] Group 2 - The recent discussions on the reform of the new share pricing and allocation mechanism aim to ensure fair distribution of shares between institutional investors and retail investors [2] - The SFC trusts that professional institutional investors can play a positive role in the IPO pricing process, and if this premise fails, the mechanism will need to be reassessed [2]

Group 1 - The company Minglue Technology-W (02718) has completed its IPO subscription with a total subscription amount of HKD 346.8 billion, resulting in an oversubscription of 3,399 times based on the public offering amount of HKD 1.02 billion [1] - The company plans to issue 7.219 million Class A shares at a price of HKD 141 per share, aiming to raise HKD 1.02 billion, with a minimum entry fee of HKD 5,696.9 for 40 shares [1] - The company employs a "dual-class share" structure, allowing the founder to retain over 50% of the voting rights, with Class B shareholders having 10 votes per share compared to 1 vote per share for Class A [1] Group 2 - The company has entered cornerstone investment agreements with several investors, including Tencent, agreeing to subscribe for shares totaling up to approximately USD 59 million, which could represent 45.1% of the IPO shares if the overallotment option is not exercised [2] - The intended use of the raised funds includes approximately 35% for enhancing R&D capabilities, 40% for product development, 15% for marketing and sales team expansion, and 10% for working capital and general corporate purposes [2] - Minglue Technology provides data intelligence products and solutions, focusing on marketing and operational intelligence across online and offline scenarios, and is recognized as the largest data intelligence application software provider in China by total revenue for 2024 [2] Group 3 - The company's main clients include businesses in consumer goods, food and beverage, automotive, and 3C industries, aiming to enhance customer engagement and brand image through marketing intelligence products [3] - Revenue figures for the company show RMB 1.269 billion for 2022, RMB 1.462 billion for 2023, and a projected RMB 1.381 billion for 2024, with a year-on-year growth of 15.2% from 2022 to 2023, followed by a decrease of 5.5% from 2023 to 2024 [3] - For the six months ending June 30, 2024, revenue increased from RMB 565 million to RMB 644 million, reflecting a year-on-year growth of 13.9% [3]

Core Viewpoint - Minglue Technology-W (02718) has successfully completed its IPO subscription with a total margin subscription amount of HKD 346.8 billion, resulting in an oversubscription rate of 3,399 times based on the public offering amount of HKD 1.02 billion [1] Group 1: IPO Details - The company plans to issue 7.219 million Class A shares in its Hong Kong IPO, with 10% allocated for public offering and no mandatory reallocation [1] - The offering price is set at HKD 141 per share, aiming to raise HKD 1.02 billion, with a minimum entry fee of HKD 5,696.9 for 40 shares [1] - The company employs a "dual-class share" structure, allowing the founder to maintain over 50% of voting rights [1] Group 2: Cornerstone Investment - Minglue Technology has entered cornerstone investment agreements with several investors, including Tencent and other capital groups, agreeing to subscribe for shares totaling up to approximately USD 59 million [2] - If the over-allotment option is not exercised, cornerstone investors will account for 45.1% of the IPO shares; if fully exercised, they will still hold 39% [2] Group 3: Fund Utilization - Approximately 35% of the raised funds will be used to enhance technology research and development capabilities, 40% for product development, 15% for marketing and sales team expansion, and 10% for working capital and general corporate purposes [2] Group 4: Business Overview - Minglue Technology provides data intelligence products and solutions, focusing on marketing and operational intelligence across online and offline scenarios [2] - According to Frost & Sullivan, it is the largest data intelligence application software provider in China by total revenue in 2024 [2] Group 5: Client Base and Revenue - The company's main clients include businesses in consumer goods, food and beverage, automotive, and 3C industries, as well as offline retail and restaurant chains [3] - Revenue figures for the company are as follows: RMB 1.269 billion in 2022, RMB 1.462 billion in 2023 (15.2% YoY growth), and RMB 1.381 billion in 2024 (5.5% YoY decrease) [3] - For the six months ending June 30, 2024, revenue increased from RMB 565 million to RMB 644 million, representing a 13.9% YoY growth [3]