在上一期文章《如何才能"活出自我"？》中，我们深入探讨了"内在成长"的本质。这期文章，我想聊聊 一个对个人成长和发展有着深远影响的思维模式——成长型思维。 成长型思维是心理学领域最具影响力的概念之一。大量研究表明，它是预测一个人能否获得长期成功的 最可靠指标。 虽然关于成长型思维的讨论已经很多，但大多数人的理解仍停留在二十年前的经典实验阶段，其实践方 法也往往局限于"表扬努力"而非"表扬聪明"等早期结论。 实际上，近十几年来，成长型思维研究取得了显著进展。这些新进展主要体现在神经科学的新发现，以 及它与压力认知之间的紧密关联。 接下来，我将基于这些最新的研究成果，和你一起全面解析成长型思维的本质。我会带你了解它真正的 核心特征，以及具体怎么培养和训练这种思维模式。 如果你是家长，相信这些内容也能帮助你掌握如何通过正确的引导和鼓励，培养孩子的成长心态，为他 们的长期成功打下坚实基础，让他们终身受益。 一、成长思维VS.固定思维 研究人员将小学生随机分为不同组别，让他们完成一系列任务。 首先，所有孩子完成了一套适合年龄的题目，每个人都表现很好。 然后，研究人员给孩子们不同的反馈：对第一组说："你做得很棒，你真聪明 ...

Group 1 - The core idea of the article is to help children transition from a fixed mindset of "I can't" to a growth mindset of "I can try" in order to facilitate their return to school [1][4][13] - Children who refuse to attend school often harbor negative beliefs tied to their past experiences, including self-denial of abilities, catastrophic thinking about their environment, and avoidance due to perfectionism [2][3][4] - The concept of growth mindset, introduced by psychologist Carol Dweck, emphasizes that abilities can be developed through effort and strategies rather than being fixed traits [4][12] Group 2 - The article outlines a four-step training method to cultivate a growth mindset in children, which includes recognizing negative thoughts, using evidence to counter absolute beliefs, breaking down large anxieties into smaller steps, and documenting small achievements [5][6][7][8][10] - Step 1 involves labeling negative thoughts to help children recognize fixed mindset thinking [6] - Step 2 encourages children to find evidence that contradicts their negative beliefs, promoting a more balanced perspective [7] - Step 3 focuses on restructuring large goals into manageable, specific steps to reduce anxiety [8] - Step 4 emphasizes the importance of recognizing and celebrating small efforts rather than just outcomes [10][11] Group 3 - Parents are encouraged to act as "thinking role models" rather than just providing empty encouragement, by sharing their own experiences with growth mindset and allowing children to occasionally regress [12][13]

Core Idea - The article discusses the phenomenon of "pretending to work hard," which is characterized by a continuous state of internal struggle without genuine progress [3][4][10]. Group 1: Understanding "Pretending to Work Hard" - "Pretending to work hard" is not laziness but a state of ongoing internal conflict where individuals engage in activities without making real progress [4][10]. - This behavior stems from a fear of ineffectiveness and a psychological concept known as learned helplessness, where repeated failures lead to a loss of confidence in one's ability to change [5][6][7]. - Individuals often fill their time with tasks that seem productive but avoid confronting significant challenges, leading to a cycle of superficial busyness [9][10]. Group 2: Psychological Mechanisms - Many who pretend to work hard experience self-loathing, questioning their worth despite their efforts [12][13]. - The distinction between fixed and growth mindsets plays a crucial role; those with a fixed mindset view their abilities as static, leading to fear of failure and avoidance of genuine effort [14][15][16]. - The fear of facing the reality of one's capabilities often results in a defensive mechanism where individuals avoid full commitment to tasks [17][18]. Group 3: The Impact of Busyness - The article highlights that the pressure to remain busy is often tied to a false sense of self-worth, where being busy equates to being valuable [20][21][22]. - This societal expectation creates a reluctance to pause or rest, as doing so may trigger feelings of inadequacy [23][24][30]. - The need for external validation can lead individuals to prioritize appearances over genuine self-acceptance and personal growth [26][28]. Group 4: Moving Towards Authentic Action - To transition from pretending to work hard to real action, individuals are encouraged to shift their focus from rigid goals to a more flexible sense of direction [34][36][37]. - Establishing a rhythm of low expectations and high action can help individuals build sustainable habits without overwhelming pressure [39][40][44]. - Finding personal sources of energy and joy is essential for fostering genuine motivation and reducing the tendency to pretend [45][47][49]. Group 5: Conclusion - "Pretending to work hard" is not a shameful state but a transitional phase that reflects a search for safer and more effective ways to engage with life [50][51]. - Real effort does not always lead to explosive success; it can manifest in small, consistent actions that contribute to personal well-being [52][53][54].