Group 1: Investment Rating - No investment rating information is provided in the report. Group 2: Core Views - **Likely Positive Factors**: The central bank conducted large - scale net reverse repurchase operations, injecting 44.8 billion yuan, leading to loose liquidity. The increased demand of institutions to hold bonds during the holiday supports the price of 10 - year treasury bonds [2]. - **Likely Negative Factors**: Structural interest rate cuts have been implemented, weakening the expectation of monetary easing. There is a large supply pressure of local government bonds. The inter - bank capital market has tightened, with a decline in reverse repurchase operations, putting pressure on the market [2]. - **Trading Advice**: It is recommended to wait and see the post - holiday market and pay attention to changes in the capital market and supply pressure [2]. Group 3: Data Summaries Treasury Bond Yields - The report shows the trends of 2Y, 5Y, 7Y, 10Y, and 30Y treasury bond yields from 2024/06 to 2025/12 [3]. Funding Rates - The trends of the weighted average interest rate of pledged repurchase by deposit - taking institutions for 1 - day and 7 - day tenors, as well as the 7 - day reverse repurchase rate, are presented from 2023/12 to 2025/12 [3]. Treasury Bond Term Spreads - The trends of the 7Y - 2Y and 30Y - 7Y treasury bond spreads are shown from 2024/06 to 2025/12 [4]. Treasury Bond Futures Positions - The positions of 2 - year, 5 - year, 10 - year, and 30 - year treasury bond futures are presented from 2015/12 to 2025/12 [6]. Treasury Bond Futures Trading Volumes - The trading volumes of 2 - year, 5 - year, 10 - year, and 30 - year treasury bond futures are shown from 2024/06 to 2025/12 [7]. Treasury Bond Futures Basis - The basis of 2 - year, 5 - year, 10 - year, and 30 - year treasury bond futures for the current quarter contracts are presented at different time points [8][9][10][13]. Treasury Bond Futures Inter - delivery Spreads - The inter - delivery spreads (current quarter - next quarter) of 2 - year, 5 - year, 10 - year, and 30 - year treasury bond futures are shown at different time points [16][17]. Treasury Bond Futures Cross - variety Spreads - The cross - variety spreads of TS*4 - T and T*3 - TL are presented at different time points [18][19].

Report Core View - Bullish factors include the central bank conducting reverse repurchase operations with a net investment of 21.22 billion yuan, resulting in a marginal easing of liquidity. Also, Treasury bond futures closed slightly stable, heating up at the end of the session with a slight decline in yields [2] - Bearish factors are that both China's CPI and PPI rose in December, increasing inflation pressure, and the decreased expectation of the Fed's interest rate cut and rising global trade uncertainties have led to increased uncertainty in foreign capital inflows [2] - The trading advisory view suggests paying attention to the short - term decline of the basis and closely monitoring the price support from the central bank's liquidity operations [2] Data Presented in the Report (Sources from Wind) 1. Treasury Bond Yield - The report shows the trends of 2Y, 5Y, 7Y, 10Y, and 30Y Treasury bond yields from 2024 - 04 to 2025 - 12 [3] 2. Treasury Bond Term Spread - It presents the trends of the 7Y - 2Y and 30Y - 7Y Treasury bond spreads from 2024 - 04 to 2025 - 12 [4] 3. Treasury Bond Futures 3.1 Open Interest - The open interest trends of 2 - year, 5 - year, 10 - year, and 30 - year Treasury bond futures from 2015 - 12 to 2025 - 12 are shown [6] 3.2 Trading Volume - The trading volume trends of 2 - year, 5 - year, 10 - year, and 30 - year Treasury bond futures from 2024 - 04 to 2025 - 12 are presented [7] 3.3 Basis of Current - Quarter Contracts - The basis trends of current - quarter contracts for 2 - year, 5 - year, 10 - year, and 30 - year Treasury bond futures are shown in different time periods [8][9][12] 3.4 Inter - Delivery Spread (Current - Quarter - Next - Quarter) - The inter - delivery spread trends of 2 - year, 5 - year, 10 - year, and 30 - year Treasury bond futures from different time periods are presented [16][17] 3.5 Inter - Variety Spread - The trends of the TS * 4 - T and T * 3 - TL inter - variety spreads from different time periods are shown [18][19]

1. Report Industry Investment Rating - Not provided in the content 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - The report introduces the LSTM time - series model to improve the prediction of Treasury bond futures inter - period spreads without expanding the original factor set, finding that introducing time - series modeling can improve return stability and risk control for some varieties, but the sensitivity to time - series information varies among different contracts [38][39][40] - The LSTM model outperforms the DNN model on T and TF contracts, while the DNN model shows stronger prediction ability on TS contracts; the performance of both models on the TL contract is limited due to the short listing time [38][39] - Using the LSTM model's prediction probability for position weighting can enhance the return - risk characteristics of strategies on T, TF, and TS contracts, but the effect is not obvious on the TL contract [38][39] 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Inter - period Spread Influencing Factors and Indicator Selection - Traditional machine - learning models and DNNs have limitations in time modeling as they assume sample independence in the time dimension and rely on manual feature engineering to introduce time information, and DNNs lack explicit sequence structure [7] - LSTM is an improved form of RNN, introducing a memory unit to decouple long - term information storage and current state output, and using gate - control structures to control information flow, which can better capture long - term dependencies [7] - Treasury bond futures inter - period spreads show trend characteristics in some stages, which are difficult to capture by previous models. Therefore, the LSTM time - series model is introduced to enhance the description of the time - series structure [12] 3.2 Recurrent Neural Network Testing Process 3.2.1 Data Processing and Sample Construction Process - The data includes fundamental factors of T, TF, TS, and TL contracts, and the features are constructed by aligning and introducing capital - related indicators and creating derived spread variables. The label is the first - order difference of the inter - period spread [16][17] - Data pre - processing involves removing early - listing samples and some end - of - month trading days, filtering small - amplitude spread changes, filling missing values, and standardizing data [18] - Time - series samples are constructed using a sliding window with a 5 - trading - day historical window, and samples are divided into training, validation, and test sets by strict time segmentation [19][20] - The model is trained using a weighted cross - entropy loss function and the Adam optimizer, with learning - rate decay and early - stopping mechanisms based on validation - set loss [22] 3.2.2 Parameter Setting and LSTM Network Structure - The task is a binary - classification prediction for the next - trading - day direction change of the inter - period spread, with input as a sequence of factor values over 5 consecutive trading days and output as binary logits [24] - The LSTM network has 3 layers, a hidden - state dimension of 8, and a Dropout ratio of 0.3. It uses the hidden state at the last time - step for classification [25] - The weighted cross - entropy loss is used to address class imbalance, and the Adam optimizer with learning - rate decay is applied for parameter updates [26][27] 3.3 Model Test Results 3.3.1 Comparison of Out - of - Sample Tests between LSTM and DNN Models - On T and TF contracts, the LSTM model has higher cumulative returns, Sharpe ratios, and better drawdown control compared to the DNN model; on the TS contract, the DNN model performs better; on the TL contract, the performance of both models is limited [28][30] 3.3.2 Probability - Weighted Backtesting of the LSTM Model - The prediction probability of the LSTM model is used as the position signal, and the position is normalized and limited to control risks [33] - Probability - weighted strategies improve the out - of - sample performance on most contracts, enhancing returns and Sharpe ratios without significantly increasing drawdowns, but the effect is not obvious on the TL contract [35] 3.4 Conclusion - Introducing the LSTM time - series model can improve the prediction of Treasury bond futures inter - period spreads for some varieties, but the effectiveness depends on contract characteristics, sample coverage, and spread structure [38][39][40] - Using prediction probability for position weighting has potential in improving strategy performance, and future research can further test the applicability of time - series modeling under more complex conditions [39][40]

Report Summary Core View - There are both positive and negative factors in the bond market. Positive factors include a loose capital market despite the contraction of the manufacturing PMI, and rumors of "dual cuts" in the political situation boosting sentiment, leading to a decline in yields and an overall rise in futures. Negative factors are that the central bank's bond - buying scale is lower than expected, causing yields to rise and futures to fall, as well as banks selling bonds to realize profits and bond funds facing redemption pressure, resulting in consecutive increases in yields and falling futures. The trading advice is to pay attention to the central bank's bond - buying intensity and short - term liquidity and keep positions flexible [2] Specific Data and Indicators Yield and Interest Rate - Data on 2Y, 5Y, 10Y, 30Y, and 7Y treasury bond yields from 2024/04 to 2025/08 are presented, along with data on deposit - type institutional pledged repurchase weighted interest rates for 1 - day and 7 - day terms and 7 - day reverse repurchase rates from 2023/12 to 2025/06 [3] Term Spread - Data on treasury bond term spreads (7Y - 2Y and 30Y - 7Y) from 2024/04 to 2025/08 are provided [4][5] Futures Position and Trading Volume - Data on the positions and trading volumes of 2 - year, 5 - year, 10 - year, and 30 - year treasury bond futures from different time periods are shown [7][8] Basis and Spread - Data on the basis of the current - quarter contracts of 2 - year, 5 - year, 10 - year, and 30 - year treasury bond futures are presented, as well as the inter - period spreads (current - quarter minus next - quarter) of 2 - year, 5 - year, 10 - year, and 30 - year treasury bond futures. Additionally, data on cross - variety spreads (TS*4 - T and T*3 - TL) are provided [9][10][14][16][18][19][20]

Group 1 - The report indicates that the 2025 government bond futures market has shifted to a weak downward trend after reaching a peak, influenced by monetary policy expectations and market dynamics [7][10][11] - The basis of government bond futures has generally declined, reflecting a structural differentiation driven by the decrease in coupon rates and the diversification of market participants [12][13][16] - The trading behavior of institutions in the government bond futures market has evolved, with a significant increase in positions, particularly in T and TL contracts, driven by liquidity preferences and risk management needs [24][26][28] Group 2 - Various strategies for government bond futures are highlighted for 2025, with specific recommendations for each quarter based on market conditions [33][35][39] - In Q1 2025, a hedging strategy using T/TL contracts is recommended to effectively mitigate losses due to low basis levels [33] - In Q2 2025, a positive spread strategy involving long-term local bonds and shorting T/TL contracts is suggested, capitalizing on high yield spreads [36][35] Group 3 - The outlook for 2026 suggests that government bond futures may act as a more sensitive sensor for stock-bond relationships, with increased volatility and structural differentiation expected [5][6][10] - Technical analysis indicates a continuation of weak oscillation patterns in government bond futures, with specific support and resistance levels identified for T and TL contracts [5][6][10] - The report emphasizes the importance of utilizing derivatives like government bond futures to enhance yield and manage risks effectively in various market scenarios [5][6][10]

Report Summary Core View - The capital market maintains a loose pattern, and abundant liquidity supports the bond market. The economic fundamentals have no significant negative factors, and the market environment is relatively stable. However, there are potential risks of rising inflation expectations and geopolitical uncertainties, which may put pressure on the bond market. It is recommended to maintain a wait - and - see approach, control risks, and pay attention to policy signals and economic data trends [2] Data Analysis - **Yield to Maturity**: The report presents the yield - to - maturity data of 2Y, 5Y, 10Y, 30Y, and 7Y treasury bonds from 2024/04 to 2025/08 [3] - **Funding Rates**: It shows the funding rates including the deposit - type institutional pledged repurchase weighted average rate for 1 - day and 7 - day, and the 7 - day reverse repurchase rate from 2023/12 to 2025/06 [3] - **Treasury Bond Term Spreads**: The term spreads of 7Y - 2Y and 30Y - 7Y treasury bonds from 2024/04 to 2025/08 are provided [4][5] - **Treasury Bond Futures Positions**: The positions data of 2 - year, 5 - year, 10 - year, and 30 - year treasury bond futures from 2015/12 to 2023/12 are presented [7] - **Treasury Bond Futures Trading Volume**: The trading volume data of 2 - year, 5 - year, 10 - year, and 30 - year treasury bond futures from 2024/04 to 2025/08 are shown [8] - **Treasury Bond Futures Basis**: The basis data of 2 - year, 5 - year, 10 - year, and 30 - year treasury bond futures' current - quarter contracts are provided with different time ranges [9][10][11][13] - **Treasury Bond Futures Inter - Period Spreads**: The inter - period spreads of 2 - year, 5 - year, 10 - year, and 30 - year treasury bond futures (current - quarter minus next - quarter) are presented with different time ranges [14][15][16][18] - **Treasury Bond Futures Inter - Variety Spreads**: The inter - variety spreads of TS*4 - T from 2024/04 to 2025/08 and T*3 - TL from 2023/06 to 2025/06 are shown [19][20]

Group 1: Investment Rating - No investment rating information is provided in the report. Group 2: Core View - The report analyzes the factors affecting the bond market, with bank - to - bank funds in a loose environment supporting the bond market, and the 10 - year main contract rising 0.12% weekly, showing stable market sentiment and attracting buyers. However, there are also negative factors such as better - than - expected import and export data (4.8% export growth) and high risk preference. It is recommended to closely monitor the capital situation and economic fundamentals and maintain a cautious and wait - and - see attitude [3] Group 3: Summary by Related Data Bond Market Influencing Factors - Positive factors: Bank - to - bank funds in a loose environment support the bond market, and the 10 - year main contract rising 0.12% weekly attracts buyers [3] - Negative factors: Import and export data are better than expected (4.8% export growth), which may push up interest rate expectations, and high risk preference increases the pressure of capital diversion [3] Yield and Interest Rate - The report presents the trends of 2Y, 5Y, 10Y, 30Y, and 7Y treasury bond yields from 2024/04 to 2025/08, as well as the trends of deposit - type institutional pledged repurchase weighted interest rates for 1 - day and 7 - day and 7 - day reverse repurchase rates from 2023/12 to 2025/06 [4] Term Spread - It shows the trends of 7Y - 2Y and 30Y - 7Y treasury bond term spreads from 2024/04 to 2025/08 [4] Futures Position and Trading Volume - The trends of 2 - year, 5 - year, 10 - year, and 30 - year treasury bond futures positions from 2015/12 to 2023/12 and trading volumes from 2024/04 to 2025/08 are presented [8][9] Basis and Spread - The report shows the trends of 2 - year, 5 - year, 10 - year, and 30 - year treasury bond futures basis for the current quarter, as well as the trends of 2 - year, 5 - year, 10 - year, and 30 - year treasury bond futures spreads between the current and next quarters from 2024/04 to 2025/08 (for 30 - year from 2023/06 to 2025/06) [10][17][20] - It also presents the trends of TS*4 - T and T*3 - TL cross - variety spreads from 2024/04 to 2025/08 (for T*3 - TL from 2023/06 to 2025/06) [21][22]

1. Report Industry Investment Rating - There is no information about the report industry investment rating in the provided content. 2. Core View of the Report - The report analyzes the factors affecting the bond market. The positive factors include a stable and loose capital supply, which provides continuous liquidity support and eases the pressure on the bond market, and the slower - than - expected issuance of government bonds, which reduces supply and eases concerns about the "asset shortage". The negative factors are that the manufacturing PMI has risen above 50, enhancing the expectation of economic improvement and suppressing the demand for bonds, and the 10 - year treasury bond variety has undergone shock adjustments, increasing the potential profit - taking pressure and weighing on market sentiment. The trading advice is to pay attention to the allocation value of the 10 - year treasury bond yield in the range of 1.75% - 1.80% and seize the trading opportunities [3]. 3. Summary According to Related Figures 3.1 Bond Yields - The report presents the trends of 2 - year, 5 - year, 7 - year, 10 - year, and 30 - year treasury bond yields from 2024/04 to 2025/04 [4]. 3.2 Interest Rates - The trends of the weighted average interest rate of pledged repurchase by deposit - taking institutions for 1 - day and 7 - day, and the 7 - day reverse repurchase rate from 2023/12 to 2025/06 are shown [4]. 3.3 Bond Term Spreads - The trends of the 7Y - 2Y and 30Y - 7Y treasury bond term spreads from 2024/04 to 2025/04 are presented [4]. 3.4 Bond Futures Positions - The positions of 2 - year, 5 - year, 10 - year, and 30 - year treasury bond futures from 2015/12 to 2023/12 are shown [6]. 3.5 Bond Futures Trading Volumes - The trading volumes of 2 - year, 5 - year, 10 - year, and 30 - year treasury bond futures from 2024/04 to 2025/04 are presented [7]. 3.6 Bond Futures Basis - The trends of the basis of 2 - year, 5 - year, 10 - year, and 30 - year treasury bond futures for the current - quarter contracts are shown from different time periods: 02/29 - 10/31 for 2 - year, 2024/04 - 2025/04 for 5 - year, 02/29 - 10/31 for 10 - year, and 2023/06 - 2025/06 for 30 - year [8][9][10][14]. 3.7 Bond Futures Inter - delivery Spreads - The trends of the inter - delivery spreads (current - quarter minus next - quarter) of 2 - year, 5 - year, 10 - year, and 30 - year treasury bond futures are presented from different time periods: 2024/04 - 2025/04 for 2 - year, 5 - year, and 10 - year, and 2023/06 - 2025/06 for 30 - year [12][13][15][16]. 3.8 Bond Futures Cross - variety Spreads - The trends of the cross - variety spreads of TS*4 - T from 2024/04 to 2025/04 and T*3 - TL from 2023/06 to 2025/06 are presented [17][18].

Group 1: Report Industry Investment Rating - The report does not mention the industry investment rating. Group 2: Core View of the Report - This week, all Treasury bond futures closed lower. The closing prices of the 30 - year (TL), 10 - year (T), 5 - year (TF), and 2 - year (TS) Treasury bond futures in the main contracts decreased by 1.54%, 0.32%, 0.17%, and 0.04% respectively compared to last week. The overall Treasury bond futures market showed a trend of rising first and then falling, with prices of all - term contracts declining. Due to the support of loose funding at the short - end, TF and TS performed better than TL and T. After the increase in equity risk appetite, Treasury bond futures were more likely to fall than rise. Although the weak economic data released on Friday morning supported a rebound in the morning session, the market then returned to the bearish direction [4]. Group 3: Summary by Related Catalogs Price and Volume - **Price**: The closing prices of TL, T, TF, and TS main contracts decreased by 1.54%, 0.32%, 0.17%, and 0.04% respectively compared to last week [4]. - **Open Interest**: The open interest of the main contracts continued to decline. The open interest of TL, T, TF, and TS main contracts decreased by 26.1%, 28%, 23.3%, and 19.6% respectively compared to last week. The total open interest of all contracts also decreased, with T, TL, TF, and TS decreasing by 0.7%, 1.3%, 5.6%, and 4.6% respectively compared to last week. The total open interest of all Treasury bond futures decreased by 2.83% compared to last week [4]. - **Trading Volume**: The trading volume of Treasury bond futures rebounded significantly compared to last week. The trading volumes of TL, T, TF, and TS main contracts increased by 28%, 21.1%, 8.3%, and 18.9% respectively compared to last week; the trading volumes of all contracts increased by 44.6%, 31.8%, 16.6%, and 20.9% respectively compared to last week [4]. Spread and Ratio - **Inter - delivery Spread**: Except for the unchanged inter - delivery spread of the T variety, the spreads of other varieties widened. From the 09 - 12 month spread, the inter - delivery spread of TL continued to widen, rising by 0.1 yuan; the spreads of TS and TF reversed, rising from a decline to 0.014 yuan and 0.055 yuan respectively; the spread of T remained unchanged compared to last week [4]. - **Long - Short Ratio**: The long - short ratios of the top 20 seats in the main contracts of TL, T, TF, and TS were 0.99, 1.03, 0.93, and 0.93 respectively, changing by - 0.018, + 0.027, - 0.001, and + 0.019 respectively compared to last week. Among them, the long - short ratios of T and TS improved [4]. IRR and Basis - **IRR**: From the perspective of IRR, the IRR corresponding to the CTD of the T and TF main contracts rebounded marginally this week. The IRR corresponding to the CTD of the TL, T, TF, and TS main contracts were - 1.2584%, 2.1507%, 1.5529%, and 1.1675% respectively, changing by - 2.6924%, + 0.7559%, + 0.0154%, and - 0.2929% respectively compared to last week. Among them, TL moved towards the lower extreme, T returned to the 3/4 quantile level of history, and TF and TS were at relatively low levels in history [4]. - **Basis**: The basis of TL and TS widened, while the basis of T and TF converged. The discount of the TL main contract widened by 0.2855 yuan compared to the closing price last week, and the widening of the discount may reflect that the market was more cautious about the future market trend [4]. Technical Analysis - Technically, the bearish sentiment dominated the market this week, and the price of the TL main contract broke through the support level. During the week, TL and T opened and closed lower, with significant declines compared to the closing price last Friday. Based on the trading volume distribution, the trading price of TL was mainly distributed (more than 80%) between about 117.52 - 118.43, while the trading price of T was distributed between about 108.31 - 108.48. According to the closing data on Friday, the prices of the T and TL main contracts both broke below the lower limit of the trading volume distribution center of gravity [4].

Report Information - Report Title: Treasury Bond Daily Report [1] - Date: July 17, 2025 [2] - Researchers: He Zhuoqiao, Huang Wenxin, Nie Jiayi [3] Core Viewpoints - The economic data released this week basically met expectations. Although the economy grew by 5.3% in the first half of the year, achieving the 5% annual target remains challenging if exports decline significantly [11]. - The economic data shows that external demand drives strong production, while domestic demand, including consumption and real estate, is weak and needs further consolidation [11]. - Considering the short - term economic resilience, the third quarter is expected to be a policy observation period. Monetary easing may pick up in October after the economic recovery in the third quarter becomes clear, tariff negotiations conclude, and the Fed cuts interest rates [11][12]. - The bond market is currently constrained by funds. The money market rate has bottomed out and is facing upward pressure during the July tax - payment month, and the short - term rate restricts the decline of the long - term rate [12]. Market Conditions Bond Futures - On July 16, most Treasury bond futures contracts declined slightly. For example, TL2509 fell 0.060 with a decline of 0.05%, and T2509 fell 0.050 with a decline of 0.05% [6]. Interest - rate Bonds - The yields of major inter - bank interest - rate bonds showed a pattern of short - term decline and long - term increase, with a change of less than 1bp. By 16:30, the yield of the 10 - year Treasury bond active bond 250011 rose 0.4bp to 1.6590% [9]. Money Market - The central bank actively offset the tax - period disturbances, and the money market remained stable. There were 755 billion yuan of reverse repurchase maturities, and the central bank conducted 520.1 billion yuan of reverse repurchase operations [10]. - The inter - bank money market sentiment index slightly rebounded, and short - term money market rates declined. The overnight weighted rate of inter - bank deposits fell 6.1bp to 1.47%, and the 7 - day rate fell 4.1bp to around 1.53%. The medium - and long - term funds were stable and loose, and the 1 - year AAA certificate of deposit rate remained stable around 1.62 - 1.63% [10]. Industry News - Wang Huning emphasized the importance of comprehensively expanding domestic demand at a symposium, and relevant research results need to be deepened and applied [13]. - The "old - for - new" housing policy has been implemented in multiple cities, which is expected to boost the real estate market [13]. - Trump announced a 30% tariff on EU imports starting from August 1, which may escalate trans - Atlantic trade conflicts [14]. - The US Trade Representative's Office launched a 301 investigation into Brazil's unfair trade practices [14]. - Fed's Logan said that the Fed needs to maintain high interest rates for a longer time to control inflation, and tariff hikes may cause additional inflationary pressure [14]. Data Overview - The report presents data on Treasury bond futures, including contract prices, trading volumes, and open interests. It also includes information on money market rates and derivatives market curves such as SHIBOR, inter - bank repurchase rates, and interest - rate swap curves [6][29][35]