兜牢基层"三保"底线，财力保障至关重要。今年，中央财政进一步增加对地方转移支付，规模达到 103415亿元，同口径增长8.4%，其中均衡性转移支付、县级基本财力保障机制奖补资金分别安排27340 亿元、4795亿元，加强地方财力保障，支持地方做好"三保"工作。 资金安排有力度，预算下达就有速度。财政部预算司一级巡视员、政府债务研究和评估中心主任李 大伟介绍，今年上半年，中央对地方转移支付已下达9.29万亿元，占年初预算的89.8%，下达进度较上 年同期提高1.7个百分点；下达均衡性转移支付2.73万亿元，比上年增长7.5%。此外，指导督促地方做 好隐性债务置换工作，大幅减轻地方还本付息压力，腾出更多资源用于保民生、促发展。 "超10万亿元的中央转移支付资金，保持较高增幅，是做好'三保'的有力保障。同时，资金到位 快，有效确保基层财政平稳运行。"中国社会科学院财经战略研究院财政研究室主任、研究员何代欣 说。 今年预算报告强调，足额安排"三保"支出预算，加强预算执行管控和库款调度，优先保障"三保"支 出，特别是发放到个人的保基本民生和保工资支出；严禁无预算、超预算拨付资金，严格控制新增暂付 性款项；动态监测地方财 ...

Core Insights - The audit report reveals significant issues regarding tax collection and local government debt, highlighting the ongoing challenges in maintaining a stable business environment and supporting the private economy [1][4]. Tax Collection Issues - The audit identified a total of 889.97 billion yuan in "over-collection" of taxes and fees, with 331.89 billion yuan collected from 631 enterprises through excessive levies on land occupation tax, value-added tax, and penalties across 28 provinces [4]. - Additionally, local governments collected 558.08 billion yuan in land transfer income through improper means, such as converting free land allocations into paid ones [4]. Local Government Debt Risks - The report emphasizes the ongoing risks associated with local government debt, noting that some regions have illegally increased hidden debts since March 2023, primarily for government investments and debt repayments [4][8]. - Specifically, five regions have added 59.09 billion yuan in hidden debts through state-owned enterprises financing construction projects, with commitments for repayment from fiscal funds [4]. Financing Platforms and Hidden Debt - Eleven regions and 15 financing platforms have raised 1.5 billion yuan in hidden debt through non-standard financial products and loans, affecting over 1,600 individuals and 45 public welfare organizations [5]. - For instance, a financing platform in Fujian has borrowed 15.02 billion yuan from local charitable organizations, some of which is allocated for government investment projects, contributing to hidden debt [5]. Misallocation of Funds - The report indicates that funds have been misallocated towards local "three guarantees" expenditures (basic livelihood, salaries, and operational costs) and repaying local debts [6][7]. - The Ministry of Finance has emphasized the importance of ensuring adequate funding for these guarantees, especially at the county level, amidst pressures from declining fiscal revenues and rising debt burdens [7]. Recommendations for Debt Management - The audit suggests enhancing government debt management, including better coordination of long-term special bonds and stricter oversight of local special bonds to mitigate risks associated with hidden debts [8]. - The audit authority has initiated corrective measures and will continue to monitor the situation, with a report on the comprehensive rectification expected by the end of the year [8].

Core Points - The central government emphasizes the importance of ensuring the "three guarantees" (basic livelihood, wages, and operations) as fundamental fiscal responsibilities, which directly relate to the people's interests [1][2] - The recent Central Political Bureau meeting highlighted the need for proactive macroeconomic policies to safeguard the "three guarantees" amidst external uncertainties and internal challenges [2][4] Fiscal Measures - The central government has allocated 10.34 trillion yuan for local transfer payments this year, representing an 8.4% increase, with a focus on enhancing general transfer payments to boost local fiscal capacity [3] - Local governments are encouraged to optimize spending structures, prioritize "three guarantees" expenditures, and adopt a "tight budget" approach to free up more financial resources for these guarantees [3] Long-term Strategy - Establishing a robust and long-term system for managing the "three guarantees" is crucial, including a clear responsibility framework that involves county-level management supported by city and provincial levels [3] - Continuous reform of the fiscal and tax systems is necessary to expand local tax sources and enhance local fiscal autonomy, which will help stabilize the "three guarantees" [3] Monitoring and Employment - There is a need for dynamic monitoring of the "three guarantees" situation to promptly address risks and ensure effective budget execution [4] - Employment is a critical aspect of maintaining the "three guarantees," with policies aimed at job stability and quality being prioritized [4]