扩大有效投资补齐民生短板。提高投资效益的一个重要方面，就是着力增进民生福祉。要统筹安排 和使用好预算内投资、超长期特别国债、地方政府专项债等政府投资，聚焦提升人民生活品质，增加服 务群众的消费、居住、就业、教育、育幼、养老等领域投资。要以科技创新投资引领支持加快现代化产 业体系建设，因地制宜发展新质生产力，推动经济发展和民生改善良性循环。此外，要最大程度发挥政 府投资"四两拨千斤"的撬动和放大作用，鼓励和引导民间资本参与惠民生、补短板等项目建设，加快民 生建设进度。 (本文来源：经济日报 作者：中国财政科学研究院研究员 于长革) 财政部近日发布的统计数据显示，8月份全国一般公共预算收入1.24万亿元，延续增长态势，同比 增长2%，累计增幅继续回升。财政支出保持较快增长，体现出更加积极的财政政策继续发力，重点领 域支出保障有力，有效托底民生，为经济稳健运行提供了坚实支撑。中办、国办此前印发的《关于进一 步保障和改善民生 着力解决群众急难愁盼的意见》明确提出，发挥财政转移支付促进基本公共服务均 等化作用，提高预算内投资支持社会事业比重，持续完善教育、卫生健康、社保、就业等重点民生领域 支持政策，切实兜住兜牢民生底 ...

Core Insights - Azerbaijan's budget revenue for January to July 2025 reached 23.48 billion manats (approximately 1.381 billion USD), reflecting a year-on-year growth of 4% [1] - The national budget surplus for the same period was 3.54 billion manats (approximately 208 million USD), showing a year-on-year increase of 13% [1] - The State Oil Fund of Azerbaijan (SOFAZ) transferred 8.45 billion manats (approximately 497 million USD) to the national budget, achieving 100% of the expected target [1]

Core Viewpoint - The recent joint release of the "Opinions on Further Ensuring and Improving People's Livelihoods" emphasizes the importance of optimizing fiscal expenditure structure to strengthen basic livelihood financial guarantees [1] Group 1: Increased Investment in Livelihood - This year, fiscal investment in the livelihood sector has increased, with national education expenditure, social security, and employment budget arrangements nearing 4.5 trillion yuan, reflecting growth rates of 6.1% and 5.9% respectively [2] - Employment is prioritized as the largest aspect of livelihood, with central fiscal arrangements for employment support funds amounting to 66.74 billion yuan [2] - The government is also enhancing basic pension security, with the minimum standard for urban and rural residents' basic pensions increased by 20 yuan, benefiting over 300 million elderly individuals [2][3] Group 2: Support for Basic Medical and Educational Services - The per capita fiscal subsidy standard for basic public health services has been raised to 99 yuan per person per year, while the subsidy for urban and rural residents' medical insurance has increased by 30 yuan to 700 yuan per person per year [3] - Central fiscal arrangements for student aid funding amount to 80.945 billion yuan, aimed at improving national scholarship standards and expanding policy coverage [3] Group 3: Optimizing Fiscal Expenditure Structure - The "Opinions" call for local governments to enhance responsibility and optimize fiscal expenditure structure, ensuring that basic livelihood financial guarantees are prioritized [4] - In the first five months, social security and employment expenditures reached 2.0054 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 9.2%, while education expenditures were 1.7455 trillion yuan, growing by 6.7% [4] Group 4: Role of Transfer Payments - Central fiscal transfer payments have increased to 1.03415 trillion yuan, reflecting a year-on-year growth of 8.4%, aimed at enhancing local financial capacity and ensuring basic livelihood guarantees [6] - The emphasis on transfer payments is crucial for promoting equal access to basic public services across regions, addressing disparities in fiscal capacity [7]