Core Points - China has become the first Asian observer of the Andean Community (CAN), with unanimous support from its four member countries: Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, and Bolivia [1][3] - The approval reflects a shift in Latin American countries' alignment towards China, influenced by recent U.S. trade policies that have strained their economies [3][5] Group 1: Background and Context - The relationship between China and the Andean Community dates back to 1999, with a formal consultation mechanism established [6] - Recent U.S. tariffs on Latin American products, including a 50% tariff on copper, have led to significant economic challenges for these countries, prompting them to seek new partnerships [5][6] - China's cooperation proposals have been more appealing to Latin American nations compared to U.S. policies, focusing on practical needs rather than ideological values [6][8] Group 2: Economic Implications - The Andean Community countries control 35% of the world's copper and 28% of lithium resources, which are crucial for China's electric vehicle and AI industries [8][11] - By becoming an observer, China can now participate in setting regional trade standards, enhancing the security of its supply chains [8][11] - The shift from bilateral agreements to regional cooperation mechanisms allows China to mitigate risks associated with policy changes in Latin America [6][8] Group 3: Geopolitical Impact - China's entry into the Andean Community challenges the long-standing U.S. influence in Latin America, traditionally viewed as its "backyard" [8][10] - The unanimous vote signifies a collective response from Latin American countries against unilateralism and a desire for diversified partnerships [10][11] - The collaboration between China and the Andean Community is expected to reshape the development logic in the region, moving towards a more integrated economic framework [10][11]

来源：环球时报 10月14日起，美国将开始对涉及中国的船只征收"港口税"。这实际上是将航运问题政治化、工具化。作 为回应，中国国务院于9月29日公布关于修改《中华人民共和国国际海运条例》的决定，明确将对实施 或支持歧视性措施的国家和地区采取对等反制。此举既是依法维护国家正当权益的必要行动，也是稳定 国际航运秩序、保障全球供应链安全的重要信号。 从经济逻辑看，美国此举的根本目的，是通过提高中国船舶在美靠港的运营成本迫使国际货运重新分 流，削弱中国在全球航运网络中的竞争力。但在此前举行的听证会上，来自农业、能源、零售、港口和 制造业的数百家美国企业已明确表示反对，认为其将推高进口成本、削弱出口竞争力、扰乱供应链稳 定。此外，美国航运业还面临港口基础设施老化、劳动力成本上升、物流体系相对封闭等一系列问题， 美国港口与全球货运体系的联动离不开包括香港、宁波等中国港口在内的高效运营网络。对中国船只征 税，只会推高美国进口商成本，最终转嫁给美国消费者。 事实上，国际航运是全球化程度最高的行业之一，其运行依赖的是效率和规则，而非政治与对抗。一旦 开征"港口税"、打破原有的成本平衡，航线结构势必调整。不少企业已表示，将考虑通 ...

英国央行行长贝利：破碎性对全球经济活动不利。 必须回归多边秩序。 ...