（原标题：HPV疫苗免费接种落地，宫颈癌"无痛"筛查如何补位？） 21世纪经济报道 记者闫硕 宫颈癌是常见的妇科恶性肿瘤之一, 也是中低收入国家女性癌症死亡的主要原因。而高危型人乳头瘤病 毒（HPV）持续感染是引起宫颈癌的主要病因。 研究显示，70%以上高级别子宫颈上皮内病变和宫颈癌与HPV16、18相关。我国女性高危型HPV（HR- HPV）感染率为12.1%，最常见的型别包括HPV52、58、53、16、51。我国女性HPV感染有两个高峰， 分别为17~24岁和40~44岁。 近日，国务院新闻办宣布HPV疫苗正式纳入国家免疫规划，为适龄女生免费接种。政策的落地提升了社 会对宫颈癌防控的关注，但也伴随新的挑战：疫苗覆盖型别有限，且预防性疫苗主要针对尚未感染病毒 的年轻女性，其降低宫颈癌发病率的群体效应往往需要十年甚至二十年以上才能体现。 目前35-64岁女性仍是宫颈癌的高风险人群，仅依赖疫苗难以在短期内缓解疾病负担，因此筛查在现阶 段具有不可替代的重要意义。 在具体的筛查方案中，自取样技术经过20多年的研究已被全球广泛认可，是提升筛查覆盖率的有效方式 之一。比如，尿液检测具有无创、便捷、易于女性接受等优势， ...

2025.09. 11 本文字数：2193，阅读时长大约4分钟 作者 | 第一财经 吴斯旻 时隔十七年，国家免疫规划将迎来实质性扩容， HPV疫苗会在年内被新增纳入。 11日，在国新办"高质量完成'十四五'规划"系列主题新闻发布会上，国家疾控局局长沈洪兵表示， 今年国家将推出面向适龄女生的HPV疫苗接种服务，并且将HPV疫苗纳入国家免疫规划，保护女性 的健康。 第一财经多方了解到，纳入国家免疫规划的HPV疫苗将为二价苗，优先覆盖适龄女童。HPV疫苗"扩 免"成功，也意味着国家免疫规划正由儿童疫苗转向"全生命周期疫苗接种"。不过，当接种人群从0- 6岁儿童拓展到在校适龄女生之后，接种策略如何制定、是否会探索疫苗"进校"以及是否存在补种方 案等，仍待揭晓。 宫颈癌是全球女性最常见的恶性肿瘤之一，仅次于乳腺癌的女性第二大杀手，其发病趋势越来越年轻 化。根据国家癌症中心 2024 年发布的研究显示，中国女性宫颈癌病例占全球的 23%，死亡人数占 全球的 16%。几乎所有的宫颈癌病例（99.7%)都与HPV感染有关，持续的HPV感染会有可能发展 为宫颈癌。 正因如此，HPV疫苗作为目前全世界唯一一个可以有效预防宫颈癌的 ...

Core Viewpoint - The inclusion of the HPV vaccine in the national immunization program marks a significant expansion, prioritizing coverage for eligible girls and transitioning the program towards a "lifecycle vaccination" approach [1][5]. Group 1: HPV Vaccine Inclusion and Impact - The HPV vaccine will be a bivalent type, primarily targeting girls of appropriate age, and is expected to be added to the national immunization program within the year [1]. - Cervical cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women globally, with China accounting for 23% of cases and 16% of deaths worldwide [2]. - The World Health Organization recommends that member countries include HPV vaccination in their national immunization programs, aiming for 90% of girls to be vaccinated by age 15 [2]. Group 2: Current Vaccination Efforts and Accessibility - As of August, 18 provinces and several cities in China have included HPV vaccination in government initiatives, providing free vaccinations to approximately 60% of eligible girls [3]. - Public awareness and willingness to vaccinate have increased, with 82% of surveyed individuals expressing a desire to vaccinate their daughters against HPV [3]. - The national immunization information system has been fully established, enabling dynamic monitoring of HPV vaccination status [3]. Group 3: Vaccine Development and Cost Reduction - The production and research capabilities for HPV vaccines in China have significantly improved, with two bivalent vaccines approved and widely used [4]. - The price of the bivalent HPV vaccine has decreased dramatically due to provincial centralized procurement, with the lowest bid price now at 27.5 yuan per dose, less than one-tenth of the initial price [4]. Group 4: Future Directions and Strategies - The successful inclusion of the HPV vaccine is expected to enhance the integration of primary and secondary prevention strategies for cervical cancer [5]. - A comprehensive prevention strategy combining vaccination, screening, and early diagnosis is being developed [6]. - Future plans include expanding the types of vaccines in the national immunization program and optimizing existing vaccination protocols based on epidemiological trends and vaccine characteristics [6].