政府融资驱动投资类资产保持较快增长；受需求影响，贷款增速边际放缓。2025年Q2，受政府融资驱 动，工商银行债券投资保持较快增长。对公信贷方面，受需求放缓、隐债置换、反内卷政策影响，一般 贷款增长略弱于近年中枢，但明显好于去年低基数；票据贴现表现较好，但弱于去年高基数。个人信贷 较弱，反映住房、消费、经营贷较弱需求存在粘性。今年银行业"开门红"信贷超预期，夯实年内信贷稳 增长基础。与行业相比，工商银行贷款增速快于行业，体现公司在行业内的龙头地位。Q3以来，行业 信贷增速放缓，政府债发行力度从高位下降，预计工商银行资产增速望随行业放缓。其他主要资产方 面，买入返售款项同比大幅增长46.5%，对Q2总资产带动明显，主要是公司结合资金变化情况，增加市 场融出所致。受金融"挤水分"影响，去年存款基数较低，叠加政府债货币派生较强，Q2工商存款增速 明显回升。Q3以来，M2增速稳中有升，银行业存款定期化缓解，预计工行负债端仍将处于有利位置。 负债端缓冲作用下，息差压力趋于平缓。2025年Q2单季息差为1.27%，环比下降约6BPS，同比下降 11BPs，同比降幅较Q1收窄，反映息差压力趋于平缓。测算生息率2.72%，环比 ...

Core Viewpoint - The recent trend of interest rate cuts on deposits by small and medium-sized banks follows the collective reduction by major state-owned banks, aimed at controlling liability costs and responding to competitive pressures in the banking sector [1][4][7] Summary by Relevant Sections Interest Rate Cuts - Since August, nearly 20 small and medium-sized banks, including Jiangsu Bank and Shenzhou Ruifeng Village Bank, have lowered their deposit rates, with three-year and five-year fixed deposit rates generally reduced by 10 to 20 basis points, now below 2% [1][3] - Specific examples include Guangdong Chaozhou Rural Commercial Bank reducing its three-year and five-year rates to 1.3% and 1.35%, respectively, and Jilin Longtan Huayi Village Bank lowering its three-year and five-year rates to 1.75% and 1.70% [2][3] Market Response and Strategies - To alleviate deposit pressure, many banks are introducing higher-yielding large-denomination certificates of deposit (CDs), with rates reaching up to 2.3% for certain products [5][6] - The trend of lowering deposit rates is seen as a response to the competitive landscape created by state-owned banks, which have also reduced their rates, prompting smaller banks to follow suit to manage their liability costs [4][7] Recommendations for Small and Medium-Sized Banks - Experts suggest that small and medium-sized banks should optimize their liability structures, enhance customer retention through technology, and develop differentiated financial products to attract stable funding sources [8] - There is an emphasis on the need for banks to improve their asset-liability management and avoid over-reliance on high-interest deposits, which could lead to unsustainable practices [6][8]

2025.04. 14 本文字数：2248，阅读时长大约5分钟 作者 | 第一财经 王方然 近日，股份制大行、中小银行开始陆续下调银行存款利率，中长期限存款利率降幅在10BP～50BP 不等。目前，多数银行的定期存款的利率普遍低于2%，迈向"1时代"。 第一财经记者注意到，本轮存款利率调降后，出现不少新趋势。存款利率下行、贷款利率上行后，原 本在市场中存在的存贷利率套利空间正在逐渐消失。此外，多家银行利率调降后，出现存款利率期限 倒挂，部分银行五年期存款利率不如一年期存款。 江西江州农商银行于4月9日起调整存款挂牌利率。调整后定存期限利率全线倒挂，1年期、3年期、5 年期存款利率分别为1.5%、1.48%、1.47%。 业内专家认为，银行密集调降存款利率一方面是为了压降负债端成本，缓解日益增加的息差压力；另 一方面，今年年初，中国人民银行多次提及"择机降息降准"， 银行下调存款利率也与宏观政策方向 相契合。 多家银行下调存款利率至2%以下 "上周我们存款利率刚下调过一轮，基本都低至2%以下了。"平安银行深圳某网点工作人员对记者表 示。该行"平安存"产品三年期定存年利率由2.05%下调至1.65%，下调40个基 ...

Core Viewpoint - Private banks and rural banks, once known for high deposit rates, are now actively abandoning high-interest deposit strategies as major banks lower deposit rates below 2% [1][2][3] Group 1: Deposit Rate Adjustments - Many banks have reduced their deposit rates to below 2%, with significant cuts observed in three-year and five-year deposit products [2][3] - For instance, Ping An Bank's three-year fixed deposit rate was lowered from 2.05% to 1.65%, a decrease of 40 basis points [2] - Rural banks like Xingning Zhujiang Village Bank have drastically cut their rates, with two-year, three-year, and five-year fixed deposit rates dropping to 1.50%, 1.60%, and 1.55% respectively [3] Group 2: Trends in Interest Rates - The current round of interest rate adjustments reveals two significant trends: rising consumer loan rates and the emergence of inverted deposit rate structures [4] - Consumer loan rates, which had previously been low, are now increasing, eliminating the arbitrage opportunities that existed between deposit and loan rates [4] - In some cases, banks are offering lower rates for longer-term deposits compared to shorter-term ones, indicating a shift in deposit strategies [4][5] Group 3: Underlying Reasons for Rate Cuts - The primary reason for banks lowering deposit rates is to reduce liability costs amid ongoing pressure on net interest margins [8][9] - As of Q4 2024, the average net interest margin for commercial banks was reported at 1.52%, a historical low, with listed banks averaging 1.65%, down 19 basis points from 2023 [8] - The People's Bank of China has indicated a potential for interest rate cuts and reserve requirement ratio reductions, aligning with the banks' strategies to lower deposit rates [9]