2025.12. 17 在欧美国家，不少人在中年时就立下遗嘱或生前预嘱，对于遗产分配以及伤病末期或临终时进行哪种 医疗护理做好说明，以免在最后救治关头、遗产分配时发生纠纷。但大部分中国人不太会在中年时就 立下遗嘱，即便是老人也会因为避讳而不谈论遗嘱话题，至于处理伤病末期治疗的生前预嘱更是鲜有 人知。 其实，随着越来越多的人晚婚、不婚、少子化、丁克以及老龄化，无伴侣、无子女者在未来会明显增 加，即便是有子女的老人，如果子女不在身边，那么其遇到突发事件该由谁来解决也是个问题，类似 上述蒋女士这样的"孤独死"状况会越来越多。此前，独居老人葛先生猝死后，当地民政局作为该老人 生前住所地的民政部门，被法院指定为葛先生的遗产管理人。而葛先生的堂弟夫妇将民政局告上法 庭，要求分得葛先生的全部遗产。 笔者了解到，死亡对于很多人而言都是忌讳谈及的话题，因此大部分中国人不太会订立遗嘱或者生前 预嘱，这就造成一旦发生意外，缺乏直系继承人的"孤独死"者遗产处理很复杂，比如旁系、远亲是否 可以继承？按《民法典》相关规定，法定继承人中，配偶、子女、父母为第一顺序继承人；兄弟姐 妹、祖父母、外祖父母为第二顺序继承人，而堂兄弟姐妹不属于法定 ...

随着晚婚、不婚、少子化及老龄化趋势加剧，"孤独死"现象将愈发普遍，其遗产处理与身后事安排成为 社会关注焦点。 最近有一个热议话题，46岁的蒋女士，父母早逝、未婚无子女，突发脑溢血后，12月14日离世。蒋女士 身故后，在没有监护人和继承人的情况下，遗产处理成为问题。相关民政部门表示，如果蒋女士的远亲 吴先生要购置墓地，则支出需要在合理范围内，且后续维护费用需由吴先生承担。 一时间，"孤独死"者的遗产应该如何处理？身后事又该由谁来负责和出资？这些都成为被热议的话题。 除了遗嘱、生前预嘱等，笔者认为更有意义的是意定监护。所谓意定监护，是指具有完全民事行为能力 的成年人可以与其近亲属、其他愿意担任监护人的个人或者组织事先协商，以书面形式确定自己的监护 人。协商确定的监护人在该成年人丧失或者部分丧失民事行为能力时，履行监护职责。意定监护制度， 具有普遍保护完全丧失或者部分丧失民事行为能力的成年人的重大意义。 未来会有更多无配偶、无子女的中老年人出现，他们在需要照料、重要场合签字时，意定监护人会起到 十分重要的作用。笔者在与多位律师和研究意定监护的专业人士交流后了解到，在神志尚清时，用一纸 协议把未来的自己托付给最信任的 ...

对于不同年龄段群体，规划养老的侧重点也不尽相同。 中国社会科学院世界社保研究中心主任郑秉文提出了普适性建议。他说："退休准备时间要尽可能 早，储备资产要尽可能多，资产分布要尽可能广。"冯润桓补充道，所有年龄段人群都应养成定期进行 财务体检的习惯，审视资产、负债和收支状况，并根据家庭结构变化、社会经济发展情况动态调整规划 目标。 "通常来讲，年龄越大能够承担的风险越小，资产配置应该更加稳健。不过，虽然年龄是影响风险 承受能力的主要因素，但是家庭财富、健康状况等同样关键，是每个年龄段人群都应该关注的。"同方 全球人寿副总经理童伯宁表示，"我们应该根据不断变化的养老需求和自身状况调整养老规划。另外， 可以寻求可信赖的专业机构或人士的建议，制定个性化的资产配置方案。" 责任编辑：韩胜杰 "对于养老，大家普遍存在'现时偏差'，即更关注当下而忽视长期规划，常将养老视为'重要但不紧 急'的事。"在近日举办的"清华聚智 颐养未来"——2025中国居民退休准备指数调研报告会上，清华大学 经济管理学院讲席教授冯润桓表示，当前，普通家庭在养老储备上面临着双重挤压。一方面，挤压来自 低利率环境导致的资产荒。被视为安全稳健的储蓄、保险 ...

Core Insights - The event "Respect for the Elderly: Financial Elderly Care and Intended Guardianship" focused on the innovative financial legal tool of "special needs trust" [1][2] - The introduction of the first national case of real estate trust in Tongzhou District aims to enhance the quality of life for vulnerable groups, particularly the elderly and disabled [1] - The collaborative model of "finance + law + united front" is seen as a replicable solution to the challenges of elderly care and assistance in society [2] Group 1 - The event highlighted the importance of "special needs trust" as a financial tool for asset protection and stable cash flow for beneficiaries [1] - The presentation by Dr. Lin Wei emphasized the role of real estate in trust structures to ensure long-term care for individuals with disabilities [1] - Experts from various organizations provided insights on legal practices and financial operations related to intended guardianship and special needs trusts [1] Group 2 - The initiative is viewed as a model for high-quality development aimed at improving and safeguarding people's livelihoods [2] - The collaborative approach is intended to address the societal challenges of elderly care and assistance effectively [2]

Core Insights - The event focused on promoting new concepts in elderly wealth planning and guardianship, aiming to enhance the quality of life for senior citizens [1][2] - The initiative was led by the Tongzhou District government, highlighting the importance of collaboration between government, community, and professional institutions in elderly care [2] Group 1: Event Overview - The event titled "Entrust the Future, Enjoy Silver Age" was held in Tongzhou District, Beijing, featuring a public lecture on elderly wealth planning and guardianship [1] - Various professionals shared insights on topics such as elderly wealth protection, guardianship, legal oversight, and notarized elderly services [1] Group 2: Key Presentations - Dr. Lin Wei, Assistant to the District Mayor, introduced a unique trust service using real estate as trust property, showcasing the role of trusts in elderly care [1] - Chen Yahui, Deputy Director of the Beijing Law Wei Silver Age Research and Service Center, emphasized the significance of the guardianship system in protecting the rights of the elderly [1] - Deng Ting, head of the Wealth Management Headquarters' Elderly Care Trust Business at Zhongguo Trust, presented practical cases of elderly trusts, explaining how they meet comprehensive planning needs [1] Group 3: Legal and Notary Services - Tao Yi, Director of Beijing Yingke (Tongzhou District) Law Firm, and Li Qing, a notary from Beijing Chang'an Notary Office, discussed the critical roles of legal and notary services in elderly planning [1] Group 4: Community Engagement - The event included an interactive session where seniors actively engaged with the speakers, fostering a lively atmosphere [2] - The initiative aims to continue similar activities in the future to promote high-quality elderly services and ensure a happy life for more seniors [2]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the emerging concept of "designated guardianship" in China, highlighting its relevance in the context of an increasing single population and the need for individuals to plan for future care and decision-making in case of incapacity [1][2][3]. Group 1: Designated Guardianship Concept - Designated guardianship allows adults to choose a trusted individual to manage their medical and financial affairs if they become incapacitated, ensuring their quality of life and rights are protected [2][4]. - The system has gained traction among younger generations, particularly in the context of an aging and declining birthrate society, as more individuals seek to mitigate future risks [3][4]. Group 2: Young Adults and Guardianship - Many young individuals, particularly women in urban areas, are opting for designated guardianship as they prefer to live with close friends rather than pursue traditional marriage [6][7]. - The process of establishing designated guardianship can provide legal recognition for friends to handle each other's affairs, which may be beneficial in future elder care scenarios [8][9]. Group 3: Challenges in Implementation - The search for a suitable guardian and the notarization process can be complex, with questions about who to choose, the qualifications required, and the potential benefits involved [4][12]. - Many young couples face difficulties in obtaining family support for their guardianship arrangements, which can lead to unexpected complications [11][20]. Group 4: Elderly Population and Guardianship - Elderly individuals are particularly concerned about finding a guardian due to health uncertainties, with some experiencing prolonged difficulties in establishing guardianship due to family dynamics and legal requirements [30][32]. - The legal framework for designated guardianship is still developing, with calls for more comprehensive regulations to address the needs of both young and elderly populations [41][42]. Group 5: Future Prospects - The article suggests that designated guardianship could evolve into a mainstream model for elder care in the future, potentially leading to new job opportunities in the caregiving sector [42][43]. - The commercialization of guardianship services may emerge as a viable option, providing professional support for individuals seeking guardianship arrangements [43][44].

Core Viewpoint - The core viewpoint emphasizes the need for innovative legal frameworks and practices in the guardianship system for adults, particularly in rural areas, to address challenges such as weakened family support, lack of professional resources, and low legal awareness [1][2]. Group 1: Legal Framework and Innovations - The "intended guardianship" system is highlighted as increasingly valuable, allowing elderly individuals to choose their guardians based on personal wishes while maintaining their dignity and autonomy [1][2]. - The need for legal recognition of alternative guardianship options, including social organizations, is discussed, providing a pathway for professional and humane care for the elderly [2]. Group 2: Recommendations for Rural Elderly Care - Suggestions include revising the Elderly Rights Protection Law to clarify the roles of community committees and professional organizations in social care, establishing clear guidelines for initiating care, and defining responsibilities [2]. - Emphasis is placed on supporting rural care service institutions and social work organizations through policy and financial incentives, ensuring a reliable and professional care workforce [2]. Group 3: Technological Integration - The integration of technology into care standards is recommended, including the establishment of smart care response mechanisms to monitor high-risk elderly individuals and ensure rapid response in emergencies [3]. - The release of the "White Paper on Adult Guardianship" highlights the growing societal concern regarding adult guardianship and provides policy recommendations based on the analysis of current challenges in the guardianship system [3].