Core Viewpoint - The optimization of the investor structure and the promotion of coordinated development among various types of investors are crucial aspects of the reform of the investment side of the capital market [1] Investor Structure Analysis - The A-share investor structure is categorized into five types: industrial capital, government holdings, professional investment institutions, individual major shareholders, and general individual investors, with their respective market value proportions at 34.4%, 7.6%, 19.2%, 6.4%, and 32.3% by the end of 2024 [1] - Industrial capital and government holdings have increased their market value share, while professional investment institutions and individual major shareholders have seen slight declines [1][2] Role of Industrial Capital and Government Holdings - Industrial capital and government holdings act as a "ballast" for the market, with their combined market value share rising from 37.4% at the end of 2021 to 42.0% by the end of 2024, reflecting their counter-cyclical adjustment role during weaker market conditions [1][2] - The number of shares held by general legal entities, including industrial capital and government holdings, reached 35.5 trillion shares, accounting for 50.9% of A-share circulating shares, marking a continuous increase over two years [2] Impact on Investment Chains - The changes in industrial capital and government holdings guide investment in the industrial chain and stabilize market expectations, particularly in strategic sectors such as public utilities and basic chemicals, where their shareholding has increased significantly [3] Growth of Professional Investment Institutions - Domestic professional investment institutions have been growing, with their shareholding proportion rising to 14.9% by the end of 2024, despite a slight decline in public fund holdings [6][7] - Public funds remain the largest category of institutional investors, with a market value of approximately 5.7 trillion yuan, although their shareholding proportion has decreased to 7.3% [7] Private Equity and Insurance Funds - Private equity funds have become significant players in the A-share market, with a shareholding proportion of 4.1% and a market value of 1.9 trillion yuan [8] - Insurance companies have seen their A-share holdings increase to 1.5 trillion yuan, with a shareholding proportion of 1.9%, reflecting a recovery trend [9] Social Security Fund and Other Institutions - The social security fund, with total assets exceeding 3 trillion yuan, has become an important channel for pension investment in the capital market, holding nearly 500 billion yuan in A-shares [10] - Other domestic investment institutions have also diversified, with their shareholding proportion rising to 0.9% by the end of 2024 [11] Foreign Investment Trends - Foreign institutional holdings have decreased, with a market value of approximately 3.4 trillion yuan, reflecting a decline from a high of 5.6% in 2021 to 4.3% by the end of 2024 [12] Individual Investor Dynamics - General individual investors maintain a shareholding proportion above 30%, with their holdings reaching 25 trillion yuan by the end of 2024, despite a slight decline [13][14] Trading Behavior and Market Impact - Public funds, quantitative private equity, and foreign institutions significantly influence A-share trading styles, with public funds accounting for 8.3% of total trading volume [15][17] - The trading behavior of individual investors has shown a slight decline, with institutional trends becoming more pronounced [16] Coordination Among Investor Types - The differing preferences of various investor types contribute to changes in A-share trading structure, with a need for better alignment and coordination among them to enhance market stability [18][19][20]

□ 科创债不仅是传统意义上的"高收益债"，更具备"高变化债"和"高成长债"的独特属性。因此，建 立"债项+主体"双重视角的估值方法论已成为当前市场的共识 □ 应提高合格投资者准入门槛，引导具有风险承受能力的投资者入场 □ 应进一步推动风险管理工具的完善与创新，为投资者提供风险缓释手段 □ 应进一步完善科技创新债投资者保护机制，� 中小型科技企业迎来融资良机 科创债估值逻辑将升级 投资者结构需优化 ◎记者 张欣然 债市"科技板"，将为科技型公司提供全新的融资渠道。 5月7日，中国银行间市场交易商协会发布通知明确，科技创新债券发行主体包括科技型企业和股权投资 机构。 通知明确，符合五类情形之一的科技型企业均可发布科技创新债券，包括：至少具备一项经有关部门认 定的科技创新称号的企业，包括但不限于高新技术企业、科技型中小企业、"专精特新"中小企业（含专 精特新"小巨人"企业）、创新型中小企业、国家技术创新示范企业以及制造业单项冠军企业；科技贷款 支持范围内的企业，包括"科技创新再贷款""创新积分制"白名单等支持的企业等。这将鼓励成长期、成 熟期科技型企业发行中长期债券，为高新技术创新引来"源头活水"。 当前，我国债券 ...