表面数据：2025 年资产表现 先看表面数据—— 2025 年资产表现。传统资产：白银 +130%，黄金 +66%，铜 +34%，纳斯达克 +20.7%，标普 500+16.2%。加密资产：BTC -5.4%，ETH -12%，主流山寨-35% 至-60%。看起来很惨？ 继续往下看。 但如果只看价格，你就错过了最重要的信号。BTC 虽然年度-5.4%，但期间曾创下 $126,080 历史新高。 更关键的是：在价格下跌的同时，发生了什么？BTC ETF 2025 年净流入 $250 亿美元，总 AUM 达 $1,140–1,200 亿，机构持仓占比 24%。有人在恐慌，有人在买入。 来源：市场资讯 （来源：吴说） 作者 | IOSG 联创 Jocy 这是一次市场结构的根本性转变，而大多数人还在用旧周期的逻辑看新时代。 2025 加密市场复盘，我们看到从散户投机到机构配置的范式转移，核心数据机构持仓 24%，散户退场 66%—— 2025 加密市场换手完成。忘掉四年周期吧，机构时代的加密市场有新规则！让我用数据和逻 辑拆解这个 " 最坏的一年 " 背后的真相。 第一个关键判断：市场主导权已经从散户转移到机构 20 ...

以下文章来源于妙投APP ，作者丁萍 妙投APP . 虎嗅旗下二级市场投研服务品牌，为您提供精选上市公司价值拆解，热门赛道产业链梳理 出品 | 妙投APP 作者 | 丁萍 编辑 | 关雪菁 头图 | AI生图 今年债市整体的性价比很低，超长期国债尤为明显。即便做波段，胜算也相对有限。近期超长债持 续走弱，价格不断回调。即便是今年不看好国债的我，也开始关注其中出现的一些阶段性机会。 那么，超长期国债是什么？ 简单来说，就是到期年限在20年及以上的国债，这类国债主要由保险、养老金等长期资金进行配 置。普通投资者较为常见的参与方式，是场内的30年期国债ETF （511090） 。 为什么很多普通者会选择30年国债ETF？主要因为它的弹性大。 期限越长，国债价格对利率变化越 敏感 。当利率处于趋势性下行阶段时，这种高久期特征往往能够被充分放大。 2024年就是典型的例子。这一年，30年期国债ETF （511090） 收涨了23.21%，收益率相当可观。 进入今年年初，超长债虽然延续了约两个月的债牛行情，但随后逐步进入回调通道，近期跌幅尤为 明显。 从11月初至12月8日，30年期国债ETF （511090） 累计下跌 ...

Report Industry Investment Rating - Not provided in the content Core Viewpoints - The current adjustment started with the commodity price increase in early July, lasted for a short period, and gradually stabilized at the end of the month. Credit bond yields rose following interest rates, and most credit spreads widened [2]. - In the short - term, the adjustment has stabilized, and funds, which were significantly affected, have gradually resumed allocating various bonds. In August, credit bonds are expected to face the impact of wealth management redemptions at the end of the quarter, but the impact is expected to be limited. Credit spreads are expected to fluctuate narrowly [4]. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 1. How was the trading of credit bonds during this adjustment? - Recent anti - involution policies affected commodity prices, impacting market inflation expectations and causing significant adjustments in the bond market. Credit bond yields rose with interest rates, especially for Tier 2 and perpetual bonds, with yields on those over 3Y rising by over 14bp. Credit spreads showed a differentiated trend, with spreads on Tier 2 and perpetual bonds and short - term non - financial credit bonds widening significantly, while spreads on medium - to long - term notes, corporate bonds, and urban investment bonds tightened due to poor liquidity [8]. - From secondary trading, different institutions showed significant differentiation. State - owned large - scale banks were net buyers, increasing their allocation of 1 - 5Y credit bonds, with a cumulative net purchase of 192.62 billion yuan. Joint - stock banks and city commercial banks were major sellers, possibly related to primary - market bond acquisition and secondary - market disposal. Securities firms were consistent sellers, with large - scale net selling before and during the adjustment. Funds reacted slowly, starting disposal in the middle and late stages of the adjustment and mainly focusing on long - term bonds while still buying credit bonds within 1Y. Insurance, wealth management, and other product categories were major buyers, with insurance mainly buying 7 - 10Y ultra - long credit bonds and wealth management and other product categories buying relatively short - term credit bonds [4][13]. 2. How did the overall asset allocations of various institutions change? 2.1 Banks: Large - scale banks significantly increased their allocation of treasury bonds, and rural financial institutions showed obvious portfolio rebalancing - Large - scale banks significantly allocated treasury bonds and inter - bank certificates of deposit (ICDs) and sold policy - bank bonds later, with a clear shortening of duration, net selling treasury bonds over 10Y and significantly allocating 1 - 3Y bonds [4][38]. - Rural financial institutions showed obvious portfolio rebalancing, selling large - scale 1Y - within ICDs and allocating 7 - 10Y policy - bank bonds, possibly to increase returns through capital gains in a context of "asset shortage" [4][41]. 2.2 Securities firms: Significantly sold treasury bonds and ICDs - Securities firms significantly sold treasury bonds and ICDs, with cumulative sales of 104.862 billion yuan and 47.32 billion yuan respectively from July 18 to July 29, and also disposed of over 10 billion yuan of 3 - 5Y credit bonds [44]. 2.3 Insurance: Obvious duration extension, large - scale inflow into local government bonds - Insurance institutions significantly allocated local government bonds, especially those with a 20 - 30 - year long - term duration, and also had a relatively large purchase of ICDs. From July 18 to July 29, the cumulative purchases of local government bonds and ICDs were 68.129 billion yuan and 48.947 billion yuan respectively [47]. 2.4 Funds: Major sellers in the market, comprehensively reduced their holdings of interest - rate bonds and credit bonds - Funds were under greater pressure, comprehensively and significantly reducing their holdings of local government bonds, treasury bonds, policy - bank bonds, and credit bonds during the adjustment, and shortening the duration. They increased their purchases of 1Y - within treasury bonds and policy - bank bonds while reducing their holdings of over 5Y ultra - long - term bonds [4][50]. 2.5 Wealth management and other product categories: Major buyers of short - term bonds - Wealth management and other product categories significantly allocated ICDs, with cumulative net purchases of 76.709 billion yuan and 106.756 billion yuan respectively. Wealth management also made small - scale allocations to policy - bank bonds and credit bonds. They maintained high liquidity [53]. 3. Summary - The adjustment started in early July and stabilized at the end of the month. Credit bond yields rose with interest rates, and most credit spreads widened. Different institutions showed significant differentiation in secondary - market trading and overall asset allocation [59][60]. - The adjustment has stabilized in the short - term, and funds have gradually resumed allocating bonds. In August, credit bonds may face the impact of wealth management redemptions, but the impact is expected to be limited, and credit spreads are expected to fluctuate narrowly [4][61].