标准的形成，实际上是由工程师、市场和政府所组成的三角关系决定的。 还记得以前出国的时候吗？规格不同的充电插头是行李箱中的必备品。看看家里的抽屉，多款插头和线是否也曾给你带来困扰？随着时间的推移，这些常 用设备逐渐趋向统一，插头和连接线变得更通用化。很大程度上，正是"标准"，定义了我们周遭的物质世界和生活方式。 中国标准化研究院牵头起草、2007年出版的《标准化工作指南》中提到，标准是指通过标准化活动，按照规定的程序经协商一致制定，为各种活动或其结 果提供规则、指南或特性，供共同使用和重复使用的一种文件。 在当代的经济生活中，标准是一种基础设施，虽然看不见摸不着，却十分重要。没有标准，工业生产、城市生活和商业来往便无从谈起。但标准又是因何 机缘而产生，怎样建立，经历过怎样的变革？它具体是怎样起作用的？《制造规则：国际标准建立背后的历史与博弈》一书，回顾了标准化的全球发展 史。 为了更安全，工程师们制定标准 上海交通大学质量发展研究院客座研究员林雪萍在本书序言中提到，标准的形成，实际上是由工程师、市场和政府所组成的三角关系决定的。 国际标准的变迁，在书中被划分成三个主要阶段。第一次浪潮中，工程师们制定了可以被制造 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of standards in enhancing product and service quality, meeting diverse consumer needs, and driving high-quality economic and social development in China [2][4]. Group 1: Standard Supply and Implementation - In 2023, China has increased standard supply and improved standard levels, with 148 new mandatory national standards and 106 new releases in the first half of the year, representing a year-on-year growth of 131% and 58% respectively [2]. - Significant standards have been introduced, including those for gas appliances and electric bicycles, with the formaldehyde release limit for engineered wood upgraded to E0 level, meeting the strictest global requirements [2]. Group 2: Health and Safety Standards - The newly released mandatory national standard for classroom lighting and illumination in primary and secondary schools includes multiple key indicators to create a healthy lighting environment, addressing issues like visual fatigue and the risk of myopia among students [3]. - A series of national standards for children's safety products, such as toys and riding gear, aim to enhance product quality and safety, providing a scientific basis for government regulation [4]. Group 3: Consumer Protection and Service Quality - Standards related to food safety, such as those for special medical purpose formula foods, ensure the safety of consumer products and meet diverse nutritional needs [5]. - Various standards have been established to improve service quality in consumer rights protection, including guidelines for product usage instructions, defect analysis, and after-sales service [5]. Group 4: Industry Transformation and Technological Advancement - The introduction of standards in manufacturing and energy sectors, such as vehicle stability testing and safety requirements for hazardous goods transport, supports the enhancement of transportation equipment industries [5]. - In emerging fields, standards for smart connectivity, digital twins, and robotics are being developed to promote healthy growth in advanced technologies [6]. Group 5: Future Directions - The market regulatory authority plans to address standard gaps by focusing on key industries and critical links, accelerating the development of standards in emerging fields, and updating consumer product standards to better meet public needs [6].

Core Viewpoint - Cambodia celebrates World Standards Day for the first time, emphasizing the importance of standards in enhancing domestic industries and improving local product competitiveness [1] Group 1: Importance of Standards - Standards play a crucial role in global trade and are essential for strengthening Cambodia's domestic industries [1] - The adoption and application of standards can improve product quality and safety, build consumer confidence, and facilitate access to regional and global markets [1] - The use of standards is vital as Cambodia enhances production capacity, productivity, and diversifies its industries towards high-value and high-quality products [1] Group 2: National Standards Implementation - Cambodia has adopted a total of 1,153 national standards, including 21 new standards approved by the National Standards Committee in September 2025 [1] - The Minister encourages all enterprises, industries, and service providers to actively implement national and international standards to achieve the highest level of compliance [1] - Standards are viewed as a passport for competing in domestic and international markets rather than a burden [1] Group 3: International Membership and Contributions - Cambodia's application to upgrade from "associate member" to "full member" of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has been approved, effective October 8, 2025 [1] - As a full member, Cambodia gains the right to participate in ISO's technical committees and contribute to global standard development [1] - This upgrade provides Cambodia with a voice in setting international standards that impact its industries and trade, and offers opportunities for public and private sector collaboration [1] Group 4: Commitment to Quality and Sustainable Growth - The event gathered representatives from the National Standards Committee, technical committees, relevant ministries, private sector, and international partners, reaffirming Cambodia's commitment to improving quality, safety, and sustainable industrial growth through standards [1]

Summary of Key Points from Conference Call Records Industry Overview - The conference call discusses the software industry, particularly focusing on IT services and software as a service (SaaS) [1][2][3]. Core Insights and Arguments - **Accenture's Dominance**: Accenture is identified as the largest IT services company globally, with significant operations in the U.S. and a broad range of services including management, industry, and technology consulting [3]. - **Software Profitability**: The profitability in the software industry is influenced by the level of standardization; standardized software typically has higher margins compared to customized solutions due to lower associated costs [4]. - **Regional Strengths**: The U.S. leads in infrastructure and application software, particularly in design software like Office Suite and CAD tools, while China excels in service-oriented software solutions, particularly in healthcare and banking systems [5][6][7]. - **Chinese Software Companies**: Companies like Kingdee, Glodon, and Hengsheng have become regional leaders by mastering standards in their respective niches, such as accounting and construction software [8][9]. - **Emerging Trends**: Cloud computing and big data are expected to create significant opportunities in the next 3 to 5 years, necessitating frequent analysis of specific application scenarios [13]. Additional Important Content - **Impact of AI on Search Engines**: AI search is gradually replacing traditional search engines, leading to a decline in traffic for conventional platforms, with some experiencing drops of up to 47% [29]. - **E-commerce Assistants**: While e-commerce assistant features are being developed in foreign markets, they are not yet widespread in China due to limitations in accessing internal e-commerce data [30]. - **Advertising Industry Changes**: The shift towards AI search is prompting companies to adapt their advertising strategies, focusing on AI search bidding services and reallocating budgets to maintain audience engagement [31]. This summary encapsulates the essential points from the conference call, highlighting the software industry's dynamics, regional strengths, and emerging trends, along with the impact of AI on search and advertising.