标准的形成，实际上是由工程师、市场和政府所组成的三角关系决定的。 还记得以前出国的时候吗？规格不同的充电插头是行李箱中的必备品。看看家里的抽屉，多款插头和线是否也曾给你带来困扰？随着时间的推移，这些常 用设备逐渐趋向统一，插头和连接线变得更通用化。很大程度上，正是"标准"，定义了我们周遭的物质世界和生活方式。 中国标准化研究院牵头起草、2007年出版的《标准化工作指南》中提到，标准是指通过标准化活动，按照规定的程序经协商一致制定，为各种活动或其结 果提供规则、指南或特性，供共同使用和重复使用的一种文件。 在当代的经济生活中，标准是一种基础设施，虽然看不见摸不着，却十分重要。没有标准，工业生产、城市生活和商业来往便无从谈起。但标准又是因何 机缘而产生，怎样建立，经历过怎样的变革？它具体是怎样起作用的？《制造规则：国际标准建立背后的历史与博弈》一书，回顾了标准化的全球发展 史。 为了更安全，工程师们制定标准 上海交通大学质量发展研究院客座研究员林雪萍在本书序言中提到，标准的形成，实际上是由工程师、市场和政府所组成的三角关系决定的。 国际标准的变迁，在书中被划分成三个主要阶段。第一次浪潮中，工程师们制定了可以被制造 ...

Group 1 - The 2025 Consumer Electronics Innovation Conference (CEIC2025) was held in Shenzhen from November 6 to 8, showcasing the development of the China Quality Certification Center and its various certification projects aimed at enhancing product quality and supporting high-quality industry development [1] - The China Quality Certification Center awarded several certifications to companies such as Honor, Vivo, and OPPO, focusing on aspects like battery life, waterproofing, visual health, and hearing friendliness, emphasizing the importance of quality assurance for consumer electronics [1] - The center's assistant general manager highlighted the dual drivers of "technological explosion" and "demand elevation," indicating that consumers are increasingly seeking reliable and trustworthy products in the rapidly evolving consumer electronics landscape [1] Group 2 - The global consumer electronics industry is at a crossroads of collaborative innovation and technological iteration, with quality certification serving as a crucial support mechanism for international cooperation and technological breakthroughs [2] - The China Quality Certification Center, as a national quality service organization, promotes international trust in certification and has launched various performance certification projects to empower the consumer electronics industry across multiple dimensions [2] - The center aims to drive high-quality industry development by focusing on innovation, technology leadership, standard reliance, and digital transformation in response to the reshaping of the consumer electronics industry by AI and digitalization [2]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes the importance of quality certification in supporting the high-quality development of the private economy in Henan Province [1][2] - Over the past four years, the Henan market supervision system has allocated more than 7 million yuan to assist 843 enterprises, training 6,578 enterprises with a total of 19,679 participants, resulting in an average product compliance rate increase of over 5% for pilot enterprises [1][2] - The Henan market supervision system plans to deepen certification enhancement actions in 2025, focusing on key industrial chains such as advanced agricultural machinery and green building materials, to boost the private economy [2] Group 2 - The event included the signing of a financial service cooperation memorandum between the Henan market supervision bureau and the Bank of China, aimed at providing "certification loans" to support enterprises [1][2] - The event featured the release of excellent case studies for the 2024 quality management system certification enhancement action for small and micro enterprises, along with expert sharing on organic product certification and rural industry revitalization [2]

Group 1 - The Shenzhen Market Supervision Administration launched a series of activities themed "Certification and Inspection: Collaborative Development of Supply Chains" on June 6, highlighting the importance of certification in enhancing supply chain resilience and promoting green transformation [1] - The first "Quality Certification Popular Science Base" in the province was inaugurated, utilizing multimedia formats to explain the relationship between quality certification and everyday consumer products, emphasizing its core value in improving product quality and ensuring consumer safety [1] - A total of 486 carbon footprint certification certificates and 257 green product certification certificates have been issued in Shenzhen, covering 168 and 107 enterprises respectively, with these experiences being promoted nationwide by the National Development and Reform Commission [1] Group 2 - The establishment of the "Same Line, Same Standard, Same Quality" alliance aims to facilitate the connection between domestic and international trade inspection and certification, enhancing Shenzhen's role as a global consumption center [2] - The "Bay Area Certification" brand, co-built by the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, promotes a "one certification, three regions" mechanism to empower enterprises in quality improvement and market expansion [2] - A cooperation agreement was signed between the China Quality Certification Center Shenzhen Branch and Shenzhen Zhenhao Commercial Co., Ltd. to promote the development of "Bay Area Certification" [2]

Group 1 - The theme of the World Accreditation Day event in Henan Province is "Quality Certification Serves High-Quality Development of Private Economy," aimed at leveraging quality certification as a "market passport," "quality enhancer," and "brand promoter" to support the healthy development of the private economy in the province [1] - A memorandum of cooperation for "Certification Loan" financial services was signed between the Provincial Market Supervision Administration and the Bank of China Henan Branch, aimed at injecting financial support into small and micro enterprises [1] - The provincial market supervision department plans to implement a quality certification enhancement service action for small and micro enterprises, focusing on key industrial chains such as advanced agricultural machinery, green building materials, modern home furnishings, and leisure food [1] Group 2 - Over the past four years, the provincial market supervision system has conducted a quality management system certification enhancement action for small and micro enterprises, helping 843 enterprises and training 6,578 enterprises and 19,679 employees [1] - In 2024, the average product qualification rate of pilot enterprises in the province is expected to increase by over 5%, while production costs are projected to decrease by 816,000 yuan [2] - The market supervision department is guiding industries to adopt a "standards + inspection + certification + brand" model to enhance product quality and market competitiveness, with the market value of the New Xiang vibration industry exceeding 10 billion yuan [2]

Core Insights - The "Quality Certification Improvement Action" for small and micro enterprises has led to an average annual revenue growth of 9.7%, sales growth of 14.2%, profit margin increase of 8.0%, and a reduction in quality costs by 5.8% [1] Group 1: Quality Improvement Initiatives - Small and micro enterprises face common quality challenges, particularly in welding processes, which can affect stability and safety [1] - The introduction of automated production lines has helped address these challenges, improving quality and efficiency [1] - Over 70 automotive maintenance enterprises in Yingkou have achieved ISO9001 certification, enhancing product quality to international standards [2] Group 2: Support and Training - The "Quality Certification Toolbox" provides tailored support to small and micro enterprises, helping them address quality issues and improve management practices [2] - A total of 3.8 million quality issues have been resolved through targeted assistance, with 64,900 enterprises receiving free training [2] - There is a need for more precise understanding of the quality challenges faced by small enterprises to enhance personalized certification services [2] Group 3: Industry Chain Collaboration - The establishment of a "High-Performance Electric Spindle Joint Technology Innovation Center" has improved the domestic production rate of key components in the high-end CNC machine tool industry from 50% to 95% [3] - The role of "chain leader" enterprises is crucial in enhancing quality management across the supply chain [3] - Collaborative efforts among industry players have led to significant improvements in product reliability and reduced return rates [3] Group 4: Financing Support - Quality certification can enhance financing opportunities for small enterprises, as demonstrated by the "Certification Loan" program that provided 5 million yuan to a company in need [6] - The "Yuzhi Loan" initiative has facilitated 515 credit transactions totaling 1.665 billion yuan for participating enterprises [6] - A total of 253 "Certification + Finance" support policies have been implemented, providing 60.85 billion yuan in credit support across various regions [6] Group 5: Recommendations for Improvement - There is a call for integrating quality certification results into the comprehensive evaluation of small enterprises' credit status to enhance financing accessibility [7] - The establishment of a robust system for recognizing quality certification results is essential for improving the overall quality management capabilities of small enterprises [7] Group 6: Quality Certification Toolbox - The "Quality Certification Toolbox" is designed to assist enterprises in establishing quality management systems and optimizing processes [8] - This toolbox aims to transform policy measures into actionable quality management practices for small and micro enterprises [9] - The initiative promotes a shift from passive compliance to proactive quality enhancement among small enterprises [9]