新华社北京10月3日电（记者 魏弘毅）记者近日从水利部了解到，预计"十四五"末我国新增水土流失治 理面积34万平方公里、水土保持率达73%。 以黄土高原为例，各级水利部门坚持山水林田湖草沙一体化保护和系统治理，以减少入黄泥沙为重点， 因地制宜建设淤地坝、旱作梯田等。同时建立水土保持空间管控制度，依法划定水土保持重点区域，实 施差别化防治措施。此外，水利部门会同有关部门出台生态清洁小流域水土保持生态产品价值实现、鼓 励社会资本参与水土流失治理等一系列政策文件，拓宽绿水青山转化为金山银山的路径。 水利部相关负责人表示，"十四五"以来，我国水土流失状况持续改善，实现水土流失面积和强度"双下 降"，水蚀和风蚀"双减少"。 ...

Core Insights - The Chinese government has made significant progress in water conservancy development during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, enhancing flood safety, water supply security, food security, and ecological safety [4][5]. Investment and Infrastructure - Water conservancy construction investment has exceeded 1 trillion yuan for three consecutive years, reaching a historical high of 1.3529 trillion yuan in 2024, with a total expected investment of 5.4 trillion yuan during the "14th Five-Year Plan," which is 1.6 times that of the "13th Five-Year Plan" [5]. - A total of 172 major water conservancy projects have commenced since the beginning of the "14th Five-Year Plan," with 95,000 reservoirs, 200 large and medium-sized water diversion projects, and 6,924 large and medium-sized irrigation areas completed by the end of 2024 [5]. Disaster Management and Water Resource Allocation - The proportion of flood disaster losses to GDP has decreased from 0.28% during the "13th Five-Year Plan" to 0.18% during the "14th Five-Year Plan" [5]. - The national water network coverage is expected to reach 80.3% by the end of this year, with significant projects like the South-to-North Water Diversion and other major water diversion projects enhancing water resource allocation [6]. Water Conservation and Efficiency - Water resource utilization has improved, achieving zero growth in total water consumption despite economic growth, with water usage per unit of GDP and industrial output decreasing by 17.7% and 23.6% respectively compared to 2020 [7]. - The area of effective irrigation has increased to 6.38 million hectares, with unconventional water utilization reaching 25.1 billion cubic meters [7]. Agricultural Support and Rural Water Supply - The government has focused on modernizing irrigation systems and ensuring rural water supply, with a target of 96% for rural tap water coverage by the end of the "14th Five-Year Plan" [8]. - The construction of 30 major water diversion and key water source projects has been prioritized to support food production in major grain-producing areas [8]. Ecological Restoration and Soil Conservation - The area affected by soil erosion in the Loess Plateau has been reduced by over half, with significant measures taken to improve vegetation and soil conservation [11]. - The ecological environment of rivers and lakes has improved, with a focus on restoring flow in historically dried rivers and enhancing ecological water flow standards [10].

Core Viewpoint - The area of soil and water loss in the Loess Plateau has been reduced by more than half, transitioning from a "yellow" to a "green" landscape, with significant ecological improvements noted [1]. Group 1: Measures for Soil and Water Conservation - The first measure focuses on reducing "existing stock" by implementing integrated protection and systematic management of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands, and deserts, particularly in areas with high sediment yield. Since the beginning of the 14th Five-Year Plan, 3,879 sediment retention dams and 4 million mu of dryland terracing have been constructed, with the new dams intercepting over 1.2 billion tons of sediment [2]. - The second measure aims to control "increment" by establishing a spatial management system for soil and water conservation, legally designating key areas for protection, and implementing differentiated prevention and control measures. This has effectively prevented 46,000 square kilometers of potential human-induced soil erosion since the start of the 14th Five-Year Plan [2]. Group 2: Quality Improvement Initiatives - The third measure emphasizes improving "quality" through various policies aimed at promoting high-quality development of soil and water conservation in the Yellow River basin. This includes policies for ecological product value realization and encouraging social capital participation in soil erosion control, thereby broadening the pathways for converting ecological benefits into economic gains. It is projected that by the end of the 14th Five-Year Plan, an additional 340,000 square kilometers of soil erosion control area will be established, with a soil conservation rate reaching 73% [3].

Group 1 - Shanghai Municipal Engineering Group Co., Ltd. was fined 200,000 yuan by the Longgang District Water Affairs Bureau of Shenzhen for failing to implement soil and water conservation measures as per the approved plan [1] - The company was responsible for the construction of the Shenzhen Industrial Software Park slope greening and comprehensive improvement project, which included various engineering measures such as slope engineering and landscape greening [2] - The soil and water conservation plan for the project was approved on September 11, 2024, and included specific measures for both excavation and backfilling of the slope area [2][3] Group 2 - During a site inspection on May 23, 2025, it was found that the company did not implement the required soil and water conservation measures, leading to non-compliance with the approved plan [2][3] - The company had set up some temporary protective measures, but many of the required features, such as sedimentation tanks and soil bags, were either missing or not in use [2][3] - The violation was based on Article 18, Clause 2 of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone Soil and Water Conservation Regulations, which mandates adherence to approved soil and water conservation plans [3]

Group 1 - Soil and water conservation is fundamental for river protection and management, with 281,700 square kilometers of new soil erosion control area added since the start of the 14th Five-Year Plan [1] - In the Yellow River basin, soil erosion area on the Loess Plateau has decreased by 15,400 square kilometers during the 14th Five-Year Plan, while the "Three North" region has seen 30,900 square kilometers of soil erosion control [3] - The Danjiangkou Reservoir and its upstream area are crucial for the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, with 6,306 square kilometers of soil erosion control area established by the end of 2024 [4] Group 2 - In the Northeast black soil region, 33,000 erosion gullies have been treated, and 2,119 ecological clean small watersheds have been constructed during the 14th Five-Year Plan [6] - The country is accelerating the transformation and trading of ecological products related to soil conservation, with over 60 transactions in local small watersheds amounting to nearly 3 billion yuan [6]

Core Insights - Since the beginning of the 14th Five-Year Plan, China has effectively controlled newly added soil and water loss, with significant progress in key areas, aiming to manage an additional 281,700 square kilometers of soil erosion by the end of 2024, increasing the soil conservation rate to 72.83% [1] Group 1: National Achievements - By the end of 2024, the national soil and water loss area is projected to decrease from 2,692,700 square kilometers in 2020 to 2,601,900 square kilometers, indicating a steady improvement in soil erosion conditions [1] - The soil conservation rate has improved from 71.85% in 2020 to 72.83% in 2024, reflecting a dual decrease in both the area and intensity of soil erosion [1] Group 2: Regional Efforts - In the Yellow River Basin, collaborative efforts have led to the management of 30,000 square kilometers of soil erosion, with the construction of 2,637 silt dams and 3,090 reinforcement projects for dangerous silt dams by the end of 2024 [1] - The area of soil erosion in the Loess Plateau has decreased from 234,200 square kilometers in 2020 to 218,800 square kilometers in 2024 [1] Group 3: Specific Initiatives - In the Northeast Black Soil Region, 33,000 erosion gullies have been managed, and new farmland indicators for gully management have been explored [2] - In the Danjiangkou Reservoir area and its upstream, a joint plan for water pollution prevention and soil conservation has been implemented, targeting 6,306 square kilometers of soil erosion by the end of 2024 [2] - In the "Three North" region, 30,900 square kilometers of soil erosion have been managed, with the capacity to intercept 687 million tons of sediment added through new silt dams [2]

Core Viewpoint - Soil and water conservation is fundamental for river protection and management, with significant progress made in recent years in China, particularly during the 14th Five-Year Plan period [2][10]. Group 1: Achievements in Soil and Water Conservation - Since the beginning of the 14th Five-Year Plan, China has added 281,700 square kilometers of soil erosion control area [2]. - In the Yellow River basin, the area of soil erosion has decreased from 234,200 square kilometers in 2020 to 218,800 square kilometers in 2024 [4]. - By the end of 2024, the Three-North region will have treated 30,900 square kilometers of soil erosion, with new sediment interception capacity of 687 million tons from check dams [4]. Group 2: Specific Regional Efforts - The Danjiangkou Reservoir area, a key water source for the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, has seen 6,306 square kilometers of soil erosion treated, establishing a technical route for small watershed management [6]. - In the Northeast black soil region, 33,000 erosion gullies have been treated, and 2,119 ecological clean small watersheds have been constructed [8]. Group 3: Water Quality and Economic Impact - The water quality in Danjiangkou Reservoir has consistently met Class II surface water standards, with over 73 billion cubic meters of water supplied to the north over the past decade [8]. - Local initiatives have conducted over 60 transactions related to ecological product transformation in small watersheds, amounting to nearly 3 billion yuan [8]. Group 4: Future Goals and Management Improvements - By the end of 2024, the soil and water conservation rate is expected to increase to 72.83%, supporting high-quality water resource development and ensuring water security in China [10].

Group 1 - Soil and water conservation is fundamental for river protection and management, with 281,700 square kilometers of new soil erosion control area added since the start of the 14th Five-Year Plan [1] - In the Yellow River basin, the Ministry of Water Resources has collaborated with the National Development and Reform Commission to implement sediment dam construction and slope farmland management, resulting in a decrease in soil erosion area in the Loess Plateau from 234,200 square kilometers in 2020 to 218,800 square kilometers by 2024 [1] - The Danjiangkou Reservoir area has seen soil erosion control covering 6,306 square kilometers, with water quality consistently meeting Class II surface water standards, delivering over 73 billion cubic meters of water to northern regions over the past decade [1] Group 2 - In the Northeast black soil region, the Ministry of Water Resources has initiated the trading of new cultivated land indicators for erosion gully management, with 33,000 gullies treated and 2,119 ecological clean small watersheds constructed by the end of 2024 [2] - The Ministry has accelerated the transformation of ecological products from soil and water conservation, with over 60 transactions in local small watersheds amounting to nearly 3 billion yuan [2] - The soil and water conservation rate is expected to increase to 72.83% by the end of 2024, providing strong support for high-quality water resources development and ensuring water security in China [2]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes the importance of implementing Xi Jinping's important speeches and instructions during his visits to Shaanxi, focusing on rural revitalization and addressing issues effectively [1][2] - The research highlights the need for integrating red culture into educational curricula and promoting cultural tourism development while ensuring the protection of cultural relics [1] - The report discusses the significance of leveraging local resources and technology to enhance market opportunities and strengthen industries that benefit the rural population [1] Group 2 - The emphasis is placed on maintaining a bottom line to prevent large-scale poverty and improving rural industry development, construction, and governance [2] - The need for continuous implementation of the Central Eight Regulations and promoting strict governance within the party is highlighted to foster high-quality development [2] - The report stresses the importance of addressing urgent issues faced by the community with dedication and effort [2]

Core Insights - The article highlights the successful ecological restoration efforts in the Xiaocaoyu small watershed, which have transformed the area from barren land to a lush green environment, significantly improving water conservation and local livelihoods [4][5][6]. Group 1: Ecological Restoration - The Xiaocaoyu small watershed has seen a forest coverage increase from less than 20% to 58% after the implementation of water and soil conservation projects [8]. - The annual soil erosion rate was previously 4000 tons per square kilometer, but post-restoration, the area can now retain 32,000 tons of sediment annually, reducing sediment flow into the Danjiangkou Reservoir [8]. - The restoration efforts included the establishment of 80 small water conservation projects, which have created a network of water retention facilities and improved local biodiversity [5][6]. Group 2: Economic Impact - The ecological restoration has led to the creation of economic opportunities, with local villagers earning additional income from the cultivation of pomegranates and other crops, with some families seeing annual income increases of over 20,000 yuan [6][7]. - The first carbon credit transaction in Henan Province, involving 10,000 tons of carbon credits from the Xiaocaoyu watershed, was completed for 300,000 yuan, showcasing the financial benefits of ecological projects [6][8]. - The annual direct economic benefits from ecological projects in the region are estimated at 18 million yuan, with per capita income from water conservation industries exceeding 800 yuan [7][8]. Group 3: Community Engagement - Local community involvement has been crucial, with thousands of villagers participating in restoration activities, demonstrating a strong commitment to environmental stewardship [5][6]. - The transformation of the area has led to the establishment of numerous agritourism businesses, with high occupancy rates in local accommodations, indicating a shift towards sustainable tourism [7].