Group 1: Space Exploration and Technology - The successful launch of the Tianwen-2 mission marks China's first asteroid exploration and sample return journey, focusing on asteroid 2016 HO3 and later the main belt comet 311P [5] - The Chang'e 7 mission is expected to launch around 2026 to explore the lunar south pole and investigate water ice resources, carrying payloads from multiple countries [5] - China's new generation reusable crewed spacecraft, "Dream Chaser," is set for its first flight in 2026, designed for near-Earth space station operations and crewed lunar exploration [5][6] Group 2: Deep Sea Exploration - China's manned submersibles, including "Fendouzhe," "Shenhai Yongshi," and "Jiaolong," have completed over 1,700 dives, with expectations to surpass 2,000 by 2026 [9] - The "Fendouzhe" submersible successfully conducted manned deep-sea research in the Arctic, expanding China's deep-sea exploration capabilities [9] - The deep-sea research community anticipates increased international collaboration and scientific exploration during the 14th Five-Year Plan period [9] Group 3: Scientific Research and Innovation - China ranks prominently in global scientific research, with significant achievements in innovation and research output, described as entering an "innovation explosion period" [3] - The "first example of two-dimensional metal preparation" by a team from the Chinese Academy of Sciences was recognized as one of the top scientific breakthroughs of 2025 [10] - In the biopharmaceutical sector, 76 innovative drugs were approved in 2025, with total licensing transactions exceeding $130 billion, marking a historic high [10]

Group 1 - China ranks among the top in research output, quality, and innovative urban clusters, with the UN Deputy Secretary-General describing the country as entering an "innovation explosion period" [2] - A series of new technology projects and plans are expected to be unveiled in 2026, marking the beginning of the "14th Five-Year Plan" [2] Group 2 - The Chang'e 7 mission is scheduled for launch around 2026 to explore the lunar south pole environment and water ice resources, carrying payloads from multiple countries [3] - The Tianwen-2 mission, which aims to conduct the first asteroid exploration and sample return, successfully launched in May 2025 [3] Group 3 - The new generation of reusable crewed spacecraft, "Dream Boat," is set for its first flight in 2026, featuring a modular design for near-Earth space station operations and crewed lunar exploration [4] - The 2026 crewed spaceflight schedule includes the launch of Shenzhou-23 and Shenzhou-24 crewed spacecraft, as well as the Tianzhou-10 cargo spacecraft [4] Group 4 - The "Fendouzhe" manned submersible has expanded China's deep-sea exploration capabilities, completing significant missions including deep dives in the Arctic [5] - By the end of 2025, China's manned submersibles are expected to exceed 1,700 dives, with projections to surpass 2,000 dives in 2026 [5] Group 5 - The "2025 Top Ten Scientific Breakthroughs" list includes a significant achievement from the Chinese Academy of Sciences in producing the first example of two-dimensional metals, marking a notable advancement in material science [8] - In the biopharmaceutical sector, 76 innovative drugs were approved in 2025, with total licensing transactions exceeding $130 billion, setting historical records [8] - Technological innovations are increasingly integrated into various sectors, enhancing quality of life through advancements in robotics, medical applications, and computational technologies [8]

Core Insights - The application scenarios for China's manned submersibles "Deep Sea Warrior" and "Fighter" are becoming increasingly diverse, with a total of 221 dives completed this year, indicating an enhancement in application levels [2][3] Group 1: Submersible Performance - As of December 20, 2025, "Deep Sea Warrior" has completed 106 dives, while "Fighter" has completed 115 dives, showcasing their operational capabilities [2] - "Deep Sea Warrior" has achieved a total of 884 dives, with 401 individuals from 94 organizations participating, while "Fighter" has completed 453 dives with 223 individuals from 57 organizations involved [3] Group 2: Research and Exploration Initiatives - "Fighter" has successfully conducted China's first manned deep-sea scientific research in the Arctic dense ice area, expanding the scope of manned deep-sea exploration from "full ocean depth" to "full ocean area" [2] - The "Deep Sea Research Institute" is advancing the "Global Abyss Exploration Plan" through international joint expeditions, including the first manned deep dive in the Puysegur Trench [2] - The total number of dives for China's three manned submersibles is expected to exceed 2000 by 2026, with plans for more domestic and international joint scientific expeditions during the 14th Five-Year Plan period [3]

Core Insights - In 2025, China's manned submersible application capabilities are expected to continue improving, achieving significant milestones with a total of 314 deep dive missions planned [4][6]. Group 1: Manned Submersible Operations - The "Jiaolong" submersible is projected to complete 93 dives in 2025, while the "Deep Sea Warrior" has already completed 106 dives as of December 20 this year, and the "Fighter" has completed 115 dives [6]. - The "Fighter" submersible team successfully conducted China's first manned deep dive scientific research in the Arctic dense ice area, expanding the operational scope from deep-sea to all ocean areas [8]. Group 2: Archaeological and Collaborative Efforts - In 2025, the "Deep Sea Warrior" will execute 18 deep-sea archaeological missions in the underwater cultural heritage area of the northwest slope of the South China Sea, marking the first collaboration between manned and unmanned submersibles for efficient underwater shipwreck investigations [11]. - By 2026, the cumulative number of dives by China's three deep-sea manned submersibles is expected to exceed 2,000, with a total of 1,746 dives completed to date [11]. Group 3: Future Prospects and International Collaboration - During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, China aims to organize more domestic and international joint scientific research voyages, enhancing international scientific cooperation and promoting the development of deep-sea scientific research, technology R&D, and equipment applications [11].

Core Insights - The meeting of the User Committee for China's major scientific infrastructure "Manned Submersibles and Offshore Operation Mother Ship" was held in Sanya, Hainan, focusing on deep-sea exploration achievements and future plans [1] Group 1: Deep-Sea Submersibles Performance - The "Fendouzhe" and "Shenhai Yongshi" submersibles have completed a total of 221 dives this year, with "Fendouzhe" achieving China's first manned deep dive in the Arctic dense ice area, expanding China's deep-sea exploration capabilities [1] - The "Shenhai Yongshi" submersible has conducted 18 dives in the underwater cultural heritage protection area of the northwest slope of the South China Sea, collaborating with unmanned submersibles for archaeological investigations [1] - The "Jiaolong" submersible is expected to complete 93 dives this year, contributing to the overall deep-sea exploration efforts [1] Group 2: Future Plans and International Cooperation - During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, China aims to organize more domestic and international joint scientific research voyages using manned and unmanned deep-sea equipment [1] - The focus will be on enhancing international scientific cooperation to support high-quality development in deep-sea scientific research, technology development, and equipment application [1]

Core Insights - The meeting of the User Committee for China's major scientific infrastructure "Manned Submersibles and Offshore Operation Mother Ship" was held in Sanya, Hainan, on December 24, 2023, highlighting advancements in deep-sea exploration technology [1] Group 1: Submersible Operations - China's "Fendouzhe," "Shenhai Yongshi," and "Jiaolong" manned submersibles have completed a total of 1,746 dives, with an expected 314 dives for the year [1] - As of December 20, 2023, "Fendouzhe" and "Shenhai Yongshi" have collectively completed 221 dives this year, marking significant milestones in deep-sea exploration [1] - "Fendouzhe" achieved China's first manned deep-sea scientific expedition in the Arctic dense ice area, expanding China's deep-sea capabilities from "full ocean depth" to "full ocean area" [1] Group 2: International Collaboration and Research - The international joint expedition to the Puyisger Trench, utilizing "Fendouzhe," was successfully completed, showcasing China's growing role in international deep-sea research [1] - "Shenhai Yongshi" conducted 18 dives in the underwater cultural heritage protection area in the northwest slope of the South China Sea, collaborating with unmanned submersibles for archaeological investigations [1] - During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, China aims to organize more domestic and international joint scientific expeditions, enhancing international scientific cooperation and promoting high-quality development in deep-sea research and technology [1]

Core Insights - The "Zhongshan University" research vessel has successfully completed its first deep-sea test with the 6000-meter class remotely operated vehicle (ROV) "Haiqin," validating its system functions and performance indicators [1][3] - The ROV is designed for deep-sea exploration and will enhance the university's capabilities in conducting comprehensive marine scientific research [3] Group 1 - The "Haiqin" ROV achieved a maximum diving depth of 4140 meters during multiple test dives, confirming the stability and reliability of its systems [1] - Prior to the sea trials, all components of the ROV underwent land-based testing to withstand pressures of 6000 meters, with the sea trials serving primarily for verification [1] - The ROV is equipped to perform precise observations and sample collection for various deep-sea scientific tasks, including marine environmental surveys and biodiversity studies [3] Group 2 - The expedition, led by Zhongshan University, set sail from Zhuhai on August 13, with a planned duration of 25 days, also involving the autonomous remote-controlled underwater vehicle (ARV) "Haidou No. 1" for deep-sea applications [5] - The "Zhongshan University" vessel is the largest and most advanced modern marine research vessel in China, having completed 23 scientific missions since its commissioning, focusing on deep-sea exploration [5]