（来源：中国改革报） 转自：中国改革报 有效投资是深化供给侧结构性改革和扩大有效需求的有机结合点。2025年，受多重因素交织影响，固定 资产投资出现负增长。对于这一趋势，我们既要高度重视，也要沉着冷静，要科学认识投资的重要意 义，适应新形势新要求，坚定不移扩大有效投资。 贯通供给需求，推动经济实现良性循环。作为拉动经济增长的"三驾马车"之一，投资在当期直接引发对 各类原材料、设施设备、工器具、消费品的需求，同时带动相关企业的生产资料和生活资料投资，形成 新的供给。基于历史数据的测算表明，我国每1元投资可带动0.55元消费和0.44元劳动收入，每1亿元投 资能创造近600个就业岗位。在应对2008年全球金融危机等冲击中，投资成为畅通循环、稳定经济大盘 的"压舱石"，2009年资本形成总额对我国经济增长的贡献率达到84.3％。精准有效的投资，既能创造更 多高质量就业岗位、增加居民收入，又能催生出新产业、新业态、新模式、新产品，为消费的持续扩大 奠定坚实基础。与此同时，居民收入水平提高，消费能力增强，消费持续优化升级将催生新的投资机 会，进而带动投资增长。"十五五"及未来一段时期，投资和消费在经济循环中都扮演着重要 ...

Group 1 - Effective investment is a key point for deepening supply-side structural reform and expanding effective demand, with a focus on increasing effective investment despite projected negative growth in fixed asset investment by 2025 [1] - Investment plays a crucial role in driving economic growth, with historical data indicating that every 1 yuan of investment can stimulate 0.55 yuan in consumption and 0.44 yuan in labor income, creating nearly 600 jobs per 100 million yuan invested [2] - The investment rate in successful economies tends to remain above 30% during critical growth phases, highlighting the need for China to maintain a necessary investment intensity to optimize structure and support economic growth [3] Group 2 - Effective investment encompasses not only economic benefits but also innovation, ecological, social, and safety benefits, contributing to high-level technological self-reliance and sustainable development [4] - The "14th Five-Year Plan" emphasizes maintaining reasonable investment growth and improving investment efficiency, with a focus on government investment in public sectors and encouraging private investment in areas where market mechanisms can be effective [5]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of mastering key technologies and innovations domestically, showcasing China's advancements in various scientific fields and the successful development of major projects that contribute to high-quality development and technological self-reliance [1][10]. Group 1: Major Technological Achievements - The 300 MW F-class heavy-duty gas turbine is China's first independently developed turbine of its size and technology level, consisting of over 50,000 precision components and developed through collaboration among more than 200 enterprises and research institutions across 19 provinces [2][3]. - The first prototype of the gas turbine has successfully generated 196 million kilowatt-hours of electricity, demonstrating its stability in real grid environments and marking a significant leap from "learning by following" to "independent research and development" in this field [3]. Group 2: Space and Deep-Sea Exploration - China plans to achieve a record 92 space launches by 2025, with the Tianwen-2 mission beginning its journey to explore celestial bodies, while the Chinese space station has implemented 265 scientific and application projects [4]. - The "Fendouzhe" submersible has completed the world's first continuous manned deep dive in the Arctic, showcasing China's capabilities in deep-sea exploration and marking a milestone in human deep-sea research [4]. Group 3: Research and Innovation Framework - The article highlights the establishment of a multi-faceted innovation matrix, with significant investments in basic research and the development of various scientific facilities across China, such as the FAST radio telescope and the Jiangmen neutrino experiment [7]. - Reforms in funding mechanisms and research autonomy have empowered scientific teams, allowing for greater focus on cutting-edge research and enhancing original innovation capabilities [6][7]. Group 4: Scientific Spirit and Talent Development - The article underscores the importance of a strong scientific spirit, with younger researchers continuing the legacy of perseverance and collaboration established by previous generations [9][10]. - Continuous improvements in talent cultivation and evaluation systems aim to eliminate restrictive practices, fostering an environment where young talents can thrive in significant research projects [10].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes China's commitment to technological self-reliance and innovation, showcasing significant advancements in various fields as a reflection of the country's strength in scientific research and development [1]. Group 1: Major Technological Achievements - The 300 MW F-class heavy-duty gas turbine, the largest and highest technology level turbine independently developed in China, consists of over 50,000 precision components and represents a significant leap from "following" to "independent research" [2][3]. - The successful operation of the first prototype of the gas turbine has generated 196 million kWh of electricity, validating its stability in real grid environments [3]. - China's space program is set to achieve a record 92 launches by 2025, with the Tianwen-2 mission and the deployment of 265 scientific projects on the Chinese space station [4]. Group 2: Innovations in Research and Development - The "Fendouzhe" submersible has completed the world's first continuous manned deep dive in the Arctic, marking a significant advancement in China's deep-sea exploration capabilities [4]. - The "China Sky Eye" telescope has made breakthroughs in radio astronomy, including uncovering the origins of fast radio bursts, showcasing China's leading position in this field [6][10]. - The establishment of various scientific facilities across China, such as the 37 technology platforms in Huairou Science City and the protein facilities in Shanghai, highlights the country's commitment to fostering innovation through collaboration [7]. Group 3: Policy and Institutional Support - Reforms in funding mechanisms, such as the "package system" for research funding, have empowered research teams to focus on innovative projects without bureaucratic constraints [6][7]. - The continuous improvement of the talent cultivation and evaluation system aims to eliminate rigid criteria that hinder scientific progress, allowing for a more dynamic research environment [10]. - The article underscores the importance of a supportive institutional framework in driving innovation and maintaining China's position as a global leader in scientific research [7][10].

Core Viewpoint - The State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC) highlighted the achievements of central enterprises in driving high-quality development aligned with national strategies and major needs, showcasing significant technological advancements and innovations in key projects [1] Group 1: Technological Achievements - Central enterprises have led or participated in all 22 major national scientific and technological projects [1] - A total of 121 leading technologies have been successfully developed [1] - Notable innovations include the "Fendouzhe" submersible, Chang'e 6 lunar probe, and "Dream" spacecraft, among others [1] Group 2: Major Innovations - Significant achievements in major innovations include the Tianwen-2 Mars mission and the first electromagnetic catapult aircraft carrier [1]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the commitment of the Deep Sea Science and Engineering Research Institute to align with the strategic directives from the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, focusing on enhancing technological self-reliance and innovation during the 14th Five-Year Plan period [1] Group 1: Strategic Planning and Implementation - The Deep Sea Institute aims to integrate the spirit of the 20th National Congress into its 14th Five-Year Plan, focusing on original innovation and key technology breakthroughs [1] - The institute is in the process of finalizing its draft for the 14th Five-Year scientific and talent planning, emphasizing alignment with national strategic needs such as marine power and national security [1] - A comprehensive project management mechanism will be established to ensure high-quality outcomes and significant achievements [1] Group 2: Research and Development Focus - The institute will prioritize the construction of a national key laboratory in deep sea science and intelligent technology, targeting major national strategic needs in the deep sea sector [2] - The "Fighter" vessel will lead the "Global Abyss Deep Diving Exploration Plan," conducting multiple deep-sea scientific research missions, benefiting from strong international cooperation [2] - The institute plans to enhance its international influence in deep-sea research by fostering more international scientific cooperation in critical abyssal regions [2] Group 3: Talent Development and Organizational Reform - The institute will focus on nurturing young scientific talent, creating growth platforms, and attracting high-level professionals in deep sea science and engineering [3] - A refined talent evaluation and incentive system will be implemented to stimulate innovation and ensure that contributions are accurately recognized [3] - The institute will reform its research organization model to adapt to national demands, promoting efficient and collaborative research practices [3] Group 4: Innovation Culture and Integrity - The institute will foster a positive innovation culture, encouraging researchers to explore and innovate while maintaining a tolerant attitude towards failure [3] - Emphasis will be placed on scientific integrity and the promotion of a correct value system among researchers to support high-quality development [3] - The 14th Five-Year period is identified as a critical phase for the institute's development, with a commitment to achieving high-quality outcomes aligned with national strategic needs [3]

Group 1 - The core message of the New Year speeches by President Xi Jinping emphasizes the interconnectedness of family, nation, and the world, promoting a vision that aligns personal dreams with national aspirations and global destiny [1] - The speeches highlight the importance of "home" as a tangible concept, focusing on everyday life aspects such as employment, education, healthcare, and social welfare, which contribute to the overall happiness and security of families [3][4] - The narrative illustrates how individual family efforts contribute to national development, showcasing the dual relationship between personal responsibilities and national progress [4][6] Group 2 - The speeches document China's historical mission of national rejuvenation and modernization, emphasizing the importance of reform and opening up as essential for progress [6][7] - They reflect on China's advancements in technology and innovation, showcasing significant achievements in various fields, which underline the country's manufacturing and creative capabilities [7] - The speeches advocate for ecological civilization, highlighting the importance of harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature, and positioning ecological values as central to high-quality development [8] Group 3 - The speeches express a commitment to peace and development, framing these as fundamental to achieving a harmonious global community, and emphasizing China's role as a responsible major power [10][11] - They promote the idea of mutual respect for cultural diversity and the importance of civilizational exchanges, aiming to overcome barriers and conflicts through dialogue and cooperation [12] - The overarching theme of the speeches is the pursuit of a shared future for humanity, advocating for global cooperation and the construction of a community with a shared destiny [10][12]

Core Insights - The "Jiaolong" manned submersible has undergone significant upgrades over the past decade, enhancing its capabilities and operational efficiency in deep-sea exploration [2][3][4] Group 1: Technological Advancements - The "Jiaolong" submersible has improved its propulsion system, now utilizing domestically produced thrusters, which have increased its maximum speed from 2.5 knots to 3 knots [2] - The submersible's observation system has been upgraded to a 10-channel 4K HD video system, allowing for better underwater visibility and observation capabilities [3] - The operational support team for "Jiaolong" has been reduced from around 17 personnel to approximately 10, significantly enhancing operational efficiency [3] Group 2: Achievements and Milestones - "Jiaolong" has set a record with a maximum diving depth of 7062 meters, marking a significant milestone in China's manned deep-sea exploration [4] - The submersible has been part of collaborative underwater operations with other submersibles, such as the "Fendouzhe," expanding China's deep-sea exploration capabilities [3][4] - During the "Fendouzhe" mission, China has established a strong presence in deep-sea exploration, with annual deep-sea missions accounting for over half of the global total [4] Group 3: Cultural Impact - The "Jiaolong" submersible has transcended its technological role to become a cultural symbol, inspiring stories and recognition within families and communities [5] - The emotional connection to "Jiaolong" is highlighted by personal stories, such as a child's drawing of the submersible, showcasing its significance beyond just a scientific instrument [5]

Group 1 - China ranks prominently in scientific research achievements, innovation, and urban clusters according to multiple international research platforms, with the UN Deputy Secretary-General describing it as entering an "innovation explosion period" [1] - The Chang'e 7 mission is expected to launch around 2026, focusing on lunar south pole exploration and carrying payloads from several countries [1] - The Tianwen-2 mission, aimed at asteroid exploration and sample return, successfully launched in May 2025, marking China's first mission to explore and return samples from an asteroid [1] Group 2 - The new generation of reusable crewed spacecraft, "Dream Boat," is set for its first flight in 2026, featuring a modular design and intended for near-Earth space station operations and crewed lunar missions [3] - The 2026 crewed spaceflight schedule includes the launch of Shenzhou-23 and Shenzhou-24 crewed spacecraft, as well as the Tianzhou-10 cargo spacecraft, with Shenzhou-23 featuring a crew member for a long-term stay [3] Group 3 - China's deep-sea exploration capabilities have expanded significantly, with the "Fendouzhe" manned submersible completing deep-sea scientific research in the Arctic, marking a shift from "full ocean depth" to "full ocean area" exploration [5][7] - By the end of 2025, China's deep-sea manned submersibles are expected to exceed 2,000 dives, enhancing international scientific cooperation and technological development in deep-sea research [5][7] Group 4 - The "2025 Top Ten Scientific Breakthroughs" list by the Institute of Physics includes a breakthrough in the preparation of the first two-dimensional metal, marking a significant achievement in the field of two-dimensional materials [8] - In the biopharmaceutical sector, 76 innovative drugs were approved in 2025, with total licensing transactions exceeding $130 billion, indicating a historic peak in China's pharmaceutical innovation [8]

Group 1 - China ranks among the top in research output, quality, and innovative urban clusters, with the UN Deputy Secretary-General describing the country as entering an "innovation explosion period" [2] - A series of new technology projects and plans are expected to be unveiled in 2026, marking the beginning of the "14th Five-Year Plan" [2] Group 2 - The Chang'e 7 mission is scheduled for launch around 2026 to explore the lunar south pole environment and water ice resources, carrying payloads from multiple countries [3] - The Tianwen-2 mission, which aims to conduct the first asteroid exploration and sample return, successfully launched in May 2025 [3] Group 3 - The new generation of reusable crewed spacecraft, "Dream Boat," is set for its first flight in 2026, featuring a modular design for near-Earth space station operations and crewed lunar exploration [4] - The 2026 crewed spaceflight schedule includes the launch of Shenzhou-23 and Shenzhou-24 crewed spacecraft, as well as the Tianzhou-10 cargo spacecraft [4] Group 4 - The "Fendouzhe" manned submersible has expanded China's deep-sea exploration capabilities, completing significant missions including deep dives in the Arctic [5] - By the end of 2025, China's manned submersibles are expected to exceed 1,700 dives, with projections to surpass 2,000 dives in 2026 [5] Group 5 - The "2025 Top Ten Scientific Breakthroughs" list includes a significant achievement from the Chinese Academy of Sciences in producing the first example of two-dimensional metals, marking a notable advancement in material science [8] - In the biopharmaceutical sector, 76 innovative drugs were approved in 2025, with total licensing transactions exceeding $130 billion, setting historical records [8] - Technological innovations are increasingly integrated into various sectors, enhancing quality of life through advancements in robotics, medical applications, and computational technologies [8]