Core Insights - The latest report from the American Meteorological Society, titled "Annual Climate Status Report," warns that multiple climate indicators are set to break records in 2024, including greenhouse gas concentrations, land and ocean temperatures, sea level heights, and ocean heat content [1][2] Group 1: Greenhouse Gas Concentrations - The concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has reached 422.8±0.1 parts per million (ppm), a 52% increase from the pre-industrial level of 278 ppm [1] Group 2: Temperature Records - Global surface temperatures have broken records for two consecutive years, exceeding the 1991-2020 average by 0.63℃ to 0.72℃ [2] - The period from 2015 to 2024 is confirmed as the hottest decade on record, according to six authoritative datasets [2] Group 3: Ocean Temperature and Heat Waves - Influenced by the El Niño phenomenon, global sea surface temperatures are expected to reach new highs in 2024, with an increase of 0.06℃ compared to the record set in 2023 [2] - Approximately 91% of ocean areas are experiencing heat waves, while only 26% are facing cold waves [2] Group 4: Water Cycle and Extreme Weather - The amount of water vapor in the atmosphere has reached a historical high, with over 20% of global regions experiencing extreme vapor values, significantly higher than the 10% recorded in 2023 [2] Group 5: Ocean Heat Content and Sea Level Rise - Global ocean heat content has reached unprecedented levels, with measurements taken from the surface down to 2000 meters deep continuing to increase [2] - The global average sea level has set new records for 13 consecutive years, rising approximately 105.8 millimeters since the beginning of satellite monitoring in 1993 [2] Group 6: Glacier Melting - In 2024, 58 benchmark glaciers worldwide have reported mass loss for two consecutive years, marking the largest average loss in 55 years [2] - Venezuela has become the first Andean country to completely lose its glaciers, while the Conejeras Glacier in Colombia has been officially declared "dead" [2]

Core Points - The "heat dome" phenomenon is currently affecting millions in the Northern Hemisphere, particularly in Europe and the United States, leading to dangerously high temperatures [1][2] - Climate scientists report that the intensity and duration of such extreme atmospheric events have nearly doubled since the 1950s [1] - The UK experienced its hottest June on record, with temperatures in London expected to reach 35°C, while parts of the US saw temperatures exceed 40°C [1][4] Group 1 - The "heat dome" is characterized by high-pressure systems that trap hot air in a region, preventing cooler air from entering, resulting in heat waves [1][2] - In Europe, countries like Greece, Spain, and France are facing unprecedented heat, with temperatures deviating from seasonal averages by 10°C to 14°C [2] - The phenomenon is linked to human-induced climate change, which has increased greenhouse gas levels, making it harder for the Earth to release excess heat [2][10] Group 2 - Research indicates that the frequency of atmospheric blocking events, which lead to heat waves, wildfires, and floods, has increased significantly over the past 70 years [8] - The current "double heat dome" phenomenon is associated with persistent fluctuations in jet streams, which are not fully captured by existing climate models [10] - Experts warn that typical summer weather patterns are becoming a thing of the past, with extreme temperature and precipitation events becoming the norm [10]

Core Viewpoint - The necessity of carbon reduction is emphasized as a self-driven initiative for China, rather than a response to external pressures [1] Group 1: Understanding Carbon and Its Implications - "Carbon" in the context of carbon reduction refers to greenhouse gases, primarily carbon dioxide, which is closely linked to human activities [2] - The direct reason for carbon reduction is the threat of climate warming to human survival and civilization, with the UN warning of the direct link between increased greenhouse gas emissions and severe climate disasters [3] Group 2: International and Domestic Reasons for Carbon Reduction - Internationally, carbon reduction is essential for China to take on major country responsibilities and contribute to global environmental governance, enhancing its influence in the global environmental governance system [5] - Domestically, carbon reduction supports the green and low-carbon transformation of the economy, meeting the public's demand for a better ecological environment, and promoting sustainable development [6] Group 3: Economic and Environmental Benefits - The reduction of carbon emissions is linked to significant improvements in air quality, with PM2.5 concentrations in cities decreasing by over 30% from 2015 to 2023 [6] - China's renewable energy generation capacity is the largest globally, with a significant decrease in coal's share of energy consumption by 12.6 percentage points over the past decade [6] Group 4: Development and High-Quality Growth - The pursuit of carbon reduction aligns with the goal of achieving high-quality development, reflecting a transformation in development methods [8] - The commitment to carbon reduction remains steadfast despite some countries retreating from their commitments, indicating a focus on sustainable and high-quality growth [8]