新华社北京9月15日电 9月15日,《新华每日电讯》发表题为《有研究者认为，从长远看平台的竞争 最终会增加社会福利》的报道。 首都经济贸易大学副教授、中国新就业形态研究中心主任张成刚认为，"外卖大战"尽管短期内可能 会对部分商家造成冲击，但从长远看，竞争最终会增加社会福利。重要的是，平台需考虑对小规模或有 特色店铺的扶持，以保护餐饮业的良性发展生态。同时，商家需要适应市场变化，提升运营能力。 外卖对于餐饮业的本质作用是减少传统餐饮的房租成本，在不用额外交房租的情况下，可以多卖出 更多餐品。 商家能否盈利，要看房租成本在总成本中所占的比例。比如一些大城市的核心区，房租成本大概占 总成本的30%至40%，做外卖大概率是有利可图的，因为房租成本被拉低了。如果在人员成本比较高的 场景，外卖单量增加会带来工人工资增加，利润率可能是下降的。 ——市场环境下的竞争和内卷不可避免 合理的市场竞争有助于推动效率提升与社会福利扩展，"外卖大战"激发的消费升级、就业机会、服 务提质，本质上体现了竞争的活力。但也应警惕"非理性竞争"可能带来的资源错配、商户依赖与用户黏 性虚高等问题。 ——"外卖大战"提升了骑手收入，增加了用工需求 ...

在中国经济学界，张维迎教授一直以其独立思考、敢于直言而著称。比如我最近看到他关于社会福利的论述："社会福利是国 家文明的体现，社会福利是国家富强的标志，福利的分配向弱势群体倾斜，更是国家文明的体现。如果福利向权势倾斜，还 要弱势一同赞美，这不仅背离文明，也践踏人权，泯灭文明。" 这番言论不仅体现了一位经济学家的专业素养，更彰显了中国学术界的良心与担当。 张维迎教授长期坚持学术独立性和思想自由，在多个重大经济问题上提出独到见解。他从市场经济的基本原理出发，始终关 注社会公平与正义问题，他的关于社会福利的论述，体现了他对经济学本质的深刻理解，经济学不仅是研究资源配置的科 学，更是关乎人类福祉和人权尊严的学问。 在当今社会，一些学者往往选择迎合权势，为既得利益群体辩护，而张维迎却始终坚持学术良知，为弱势群体发声，这种勇 气在当下的学术环境中显得尤为珍贵。 张维迎的观点直指社会福利制度的本质，一个国家的文明程度，确实可以通过其如何对待最弱势群体来衡量，真正进步的社 会，不会让弱势群体被边缘化，而是通过制度设计确保他们能够享有基本尊严和生活保障。 这种观点与联合国《世界人权宣言》中"人人有权享受为维持他本人和家属的健康 ...

Core Viewpoint - The rapid rise and subsequent halt of the "pension loan" product in Hunan province highlights regulatory compliance issues and the need for a balance between protecting elderly rights and financial institutions' commercial interests [1][4]. Group 1: Pension Loan Overview - The pension loan allows banks to lend money to elderly individuals to cover their social insurance contributions, with repayments deducted from their future pensions [2]. - The loan amounts typically do not exceed 90,000 yuan, with terms up to 15 years and interest rates ranging from 3.1% to 3.45% [2]. Group 2: Financial Implications - By using a pension loan to increase their contribution level, retirees can receive higher monthly pensions. For example, a 90,000 yuan loan at 3.1% interest can result in a monthly pension of 824.27 yuan, significantly higher than the 180.37 yuan without the loan [3]. - The introduction of pension loans is seen as a way for banks to expand their service offerings while also addressing the financial concerns of vulnerable elderly populations [3]. Group 3: Regulatory Challenges - The Hunan Rural Credit Cooperative Union's decision to suspend the pension loan program was due to compliance issues, as the nature of the loan does not clearly fit within existing personal loan regulations [4]. - Concerns were raised about the long loan terms and the lack of collateral, which could lead to bad debt risks if borrowers pass away before repayment [4][5]. Group 4: Recommendations for Development - To ensure the stable development of pension loans, regulatory bodies should clarify the loan's compliance status and potentially extend the loan terms for social insurance payments [6]. - Collaboration between financial regulators, social security departments, and banks is essential to support the innovation of pension loan products while ensuring the protection of low-income groups [6][7].

Core Viewpoint - Japanese Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba emphasizes that sales tax is a revenue source for social welfare programs such as pensions [1] Group 1 - There is a need to establish a framework for publicly discussing tax issues [1] - The pros and cons of tax reduction were not discussed during the election period [1]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the Chinese government's initiatives to enhance and improve people's livelihoods, focusing on addressing urgent public concerns and promoting equitable, balanced, inclusive, and accessible social services [11]. Group 1: Enhancing Social Security Fairness - The government aims to expand social security coverage by removing household registration restrictions for participating in social insurance at the place of employment [12]. - There will be a focus on improving the social insurance system for flexible employment workers, migrant workers, and new employment forms [12]. - Measures include increasing the minimum wage standard and providing direct birth insurance benefits to insured individuals in certain regions [5][12]. Group 2: Improving Basic Public Services Equitably - The government plans to enhance the quality and efficiency of basic public services by establishing clear standards and evaluation methods [14]. - There will be a push for public services to be provided based on the place of residence, ensuring equal rights for agricultural migrants [15]. - Support will be given to rural areas in providing flexible basic public services [14]. Group 3: Expanding Basic Livelihood Services Inclusively - The government will implement an action plan to improve the quality of basic education, including the construction of over 1,000 high-quality ordinary high schools [16]. - There will be a focus on sharing high-quality medical resources and enhancing healthcare services at the community level [17]. - Initiatives will be taken to develop affordable elderly care and childcare services, aiming for 80% community coverage in major cities [18]. Group 4: Promoting Community Services - The article emphasizes the importance of community-based services, integrating various convenience services to enhance accessibility for residents [19]. - There will be a focus on improving the quality of diverse life services, including sports and cultural activities [19]. - The government encourages the use of community spaces for social services, allowing for the establishment of service points in residential areas [19]. Group 5: Ensuring Inclusive Development - Policies will be implemented to prioritize children's welfare and support youth development in various aspects of life [20]. - The government aims to enhance support for families, including improving living conditions for the elderly and disabled [20]. - There will be a focus on creating a supportive environment for the elderly to participate in society and promoting intergenerational assistance [20]. Group 6: Implementation Measures - The article outlines the need for coordinated efforts across various government levels to ensure the effective implementation of these policies [21]. - Financial support will be allocated to enhance basic public services and ensure social equity [21]. - The government will establish a clear list of social welfare projects to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of these initiatives [21].

Group 1: Core Insights - The retail total in the U.S. is approximately 1.7 times that of China, highlighting significant differences in consumer markets [1] - Cultural differences in consumption patterns are evident, with Chinese families favoring savings and American families embracing credit systems [3][4] - The U.S. capital market supports consumption through mechanisms like asset securitization, while China's funding flows are concentrated in specific sectors, impacting overall consumption vitality [7] Group 2: Financial System Differences - The U.S. financial system promotes direct financing, which enhances consumer market activity [8] Group 3: Social Welfare and Consumer Confidence - U.S. social security systems, including healthcare and education, reduce household savings pressure but contribute to high household debt levels, exceeding 75% of GDP [9] - China's social security system is improving, with expanded healthcare coverage and poverty alleviation policies, although some regions still face high out-of-pocket medical expenses [9] Group 4: Implications and Outlook - Optimizing financial resource allocation is essential, with a focus on directing funds towards innovative consumption sectors, such as support for technology companies [11] - Enhancing the social security network can unlock consumer potential by equalizing public services in healthcare and education [12] - Promoting a rational consumption culture that balances savings and spending is crucial, particularly in the context of credit system development [13] - The differences in consumer power between China and the U.S. result from a combination of economic structure, cultural traditions, and institutional design, necessitating a balanced approach to consumption upgrades [15]