为了能留住消费者，充值预付式消费成了商家常用的营销手段。然而，充钱时笑脸迎客，服务时态度降 级，更有甚者一夜之间关门跑路，让消费者的钱打了水漂，这种现象时有发生。近年来，教培机构、健 身房、理发店、瑜伽馆等成为"老板跑路"的重灾区。有人发现，其中许多门店的闭店流程惊人的相似： 先更换法人，再搞促销活动，最后关店消失。于是，一种游走在灰色地带的职业"职业闭店人"浮出水 面…… 目前，顾某、韩某因涉嫌合同诈骗罪已被公安机关依法移送至检察机关审查起诉，林某、刘某因涉嫌合 同诈骗罪被依法采取刑事强制措施，相关案件正在进一步办理中。 近日，上海市侦破一起新型"职业闭店人"合同诈骗案，抓获顾某、韩某等4名犯罪嫌疑人，捣毁一个恶 意闭店团伙。本案涉及3家教育培训机构，涉案金额达100余万元。 教培机构突然关停 警方揪出"职业闭店人" 今年6月，上海市民肖女士向浦东分局张江派出所报案，称此前买课的一家儿童美术培训机构突然关 停、实控人失联。今年4月，她与这家机构签订21250元购买150节大课包的合同后发现，原有户外写 生、节日手工等活动被取消，销售人员和老师陆续离职，1对1课程也被安排到了大课。后来才得知，该 机构已经转由 ...

同时，普法宣传更要直击人心。要通过社区讲座、案例通报，讲清"背债"不是捷径是绝路——《民 法典》明确恶意串通的民事行为无效，报酬不受保护；贷款诈骗罪最高可判无期，绝非小事。当公众看 清"一笔钱买断人生"的真相，当各部门形成治理合力，这条寄生在金融与诚信之上的黑产链，终将无处 遁形。 更深层的危害在于对社会信用体系的系统性破坏。信用是现代市场经济的基石，金融活动、商业往 来乃至日常交易都建立在信用评估与信任基础上。"职业背债"产业链的滋生蔓延，使得信用这一无形资 产的评估机制遭到人为扭曲，失信行为被明码标价、系统化运作。长此以往，社会将陷入劣币驱逐良币 的信用困境，诚实守信者反而可能处于竞争劣势。 国家金融监督管理总局已发布风险提示，公安部与金融监管部门也联合开展打击行动，这些举措值 得肯定。但要遏制"职业背债人"灰黑产业链，亟待多管齐下合力共治。金融机构应担起首要责任，严格 贷款审核流程，充分利用大数据、人工智能等技术核实贷款人信息，建立严密内部监督机制，杜绝信贷 员违规操作与勾结行为，从源头筑牢防线。监管部门要加大惩处力度，依据相关法律法规，提高违法成 本，对中介、金融机构内部违规者严厉处罚，对构成犯罪的依 ...

Core Viewpoint - The rise of "professional debtors" has become a significant concern in the financial sector, characterized by organized, online, and cross-regional fraudulent activities aimed at obtaining loans through false documentation and identity manipulation [1][2]. Group 1: Overview of Professional Debtors - "Professional debtors" are individuals who incur long-term debts and become untrustworthy or engage in criminal activities to gain high returns, often at the expense of their financial integrity [1]. - The phenomenon has been facilitated by the development of financial markets and credit systems, leading to a structured approach to fraud [1]. Group 2: Case Study of Loan Fraud - A bank employee, Chen Chen, exhibited unusual behavior, prompting an investigation that revealed over 20 loan applicants had used forged documents to secure loans [2]. - The investigation identified a large illegal loan brokerage network that recruited individuals with good credit records to act as debtors, facilitating loan applications [2][3]. Group 3: Methods of Operation - The fraudsters utilized social media platforms to attract clients, specifically targeting individuals with clean credit histories, referred to as "pure white households" [2]. - Loan officers played a crucial role in the approval process, often receiving kickbacks for facilitating fraudulent loans [2][3]. Group 4: Individual Experiences - Wang Kefe, a participant in the scheme, was lured by promises of easy loans without repayment obligations, leading him to become a "debtor" [4][5]. - The process involved providing false personal information and using fabricated documents, such as fake divorce certificates, to mislead banks during loan applications [5][6]. Group 5: Systemic Issues - The investigation revealed systemic flaws in the bank's loan approval process, where minimal verification of documents allowed fraudulent applications to pass through [11][12]. - The lack of stringent internal controls and oversight within banks contributed to the prevalence of such fraudulent activities [16]. Group 6: Consequences and Responses - Many individuals involved in the scheme were aware of the illegality of their actions but were driven by financial desperation and the allure of quick profits [15][17]. - Law enforcement has highlighted the need for improved verification processes and better collaboration between financial institutions and police to combat such fraud [16].

张 寒绘（人民视觉） 立刻就能获得百万报酬，代价只是以后不坐飞机、不住高档酒店？近年来，一种名为"职业背债 人"的交易出现。这种被称为"一笔钱买断人生"的交易究竟是如何运作的？背后又隐藏着怎样的违法犯 罪问题？记者近日进行了调查采访。 "抬高评估价格，骗取高额贷款，是'职业背债'的重要方式。"北京一位办理过相关案件的经侦民警 介绍，"在社交软件上，许多所谓'收房''收车'的广告，其实就是招募背债人。" 直接替他人承担已有债务，是背债的另一种方式。 一天，北京朝阳区某影视公司股东赵某，将股权转移给了顾某。可没过多久，这一行为遭到了公司 其他股东的一致反对，被诉至法院要求撤销该股权移转。 原来，赵某先于其他股东知晓公司即将清算、停止运行，马上找人转移股权。而按法律规定，公司 清算时，赵某需向公司缴纳其认缴出资的180余万元。在公司马上要停止运行的情况下，顾某仍然愿意 接受赵某股权，意味着他愿意替赵某缴纳180余万元。 为得到报酬，替他人负担债务当"老赖" 福建南平市的黄某，平时靠打零工生活。有一天，一个"包装贷中介"找上了黄某，告诉他，有人可 以帮助其从银行贷几十万元出来，只需还一年就不用还了，代价是黄某将成为" ...

给你一笔钱，请你当"老赖"？不法交易背后—— 虚构资产价格、伪造材料、帮助他人骗取贷款，是"职业背债"的方式之一。 "职业背债人"陷阱多(金台视线) 立刻就能获得百万报酬，代价只是以后不坐飞机、不住高档酒店？近年来，一种名为"职业背债人"的交 易出现。这种被称为"一笔钱买断人生"的交易究竟是如何运作的？背后又隐藏着怎样的违法犯罪问题？ 记者近日进行了调查采访。 为得到报酬，替他人负担债务当"老赖" 福建南平市的黄某，平时靠打零工生活。有一天，一个"包装贷中介"找上了黄某，告诉他，有人可以帮 助其从银行贷几十万元出来，只需还一年就不用还了，代价是黄某将成为"老赖"。他考虑后决定参与。 通过伪造收入证明和银行流水，制造虚假房屋买卖及装修协议，黄某从银行拿到贷款40余万元。其中大 部分钱款被中介和炒房客分走，黄某拿到了小部分，但债务需要黄某偿还。 "这就是典型的'职业背债人'。"浙江师范大学特聘教授乔巴生介绍，"职业背债人"指的是社会上的一种 群体：以自己的名义替他人承担债务，获得一定的报酬。这些背债人从一开始就没打算，也没有能力还 款，所以，背上债务后很快就沦为失信被执行人，即俗称的"老赖"，各种生活消费都会受到 ...

立刻就能获得百万报酬，代价只是以后不坐飞机、不住高档酒店？近年来，一种名为"职业背债人"的交 易出现。这种被称为"一笔钱买断人生"的交易究竟是如何运作的？背后又隐藏着怎样的违法犯罪问题？ 记者近日进行了调查采访。 为得到报酬，替他人负担债务当"老赖" 福建南平市的黄某，平时靠打零工生活。有一天，一个"包装贷中介"找上了黄某，告诉他，有人可以帮 助其从银行贷几十万元出来，只需还一年就不用还了，代价是黄某将成为"老赖"。他考虑后决定参与。 通过伪造收入证明和银行流水，制造虚假房屋买卖及装修协议，黄某从银行拿到贷款40余万元。其中大 部分钱款被中介和炒房客分走，黄某拿到了小部分，但债务需要黄某偿还。 "这就是典型的'职业背债人'。"浙江师范大学特聘教授乔巴生介绍，"职业背债人"指的是社会上的一种 群体：以自己的名义替他人承担债务，获得一定的报酬。这些背债人从一开始就没打算，也没有能力还 款，所以，背上债务后很快就沦为失信被执行人，即俗称的"老赖"，各种生活消费都会受到限制。 虚构资产价格、伪造材料、帮助他人骗取贷款，是"职业背债"的方式之一。 辽宁锦州的刘力（化名）就是这样一名"背债人"。他告诉记者，自己在中介"配 ...

张 寒绘（人民视觉） 立刻就能获得百万报酬，代价只是以后不坐飞机、不住高档酒店？近年来，一种名为"职业背债人"的交 易出现。这种被称为"一笔钱买断人生"的交易究竟是如何运作的？背后又隐藏着怎样的违法犯罪问题？ 记者近日进行了调查采访。 为得到报酬，替他人负担债务当"老赖" 福建南平市的黄某，平时靠打零工生活。有一天，一个"包装贷中介"找上了黄某，告诉他，有人可以帮 助其从银行贷几十万元出来，只需还一年就不用还了，代价是黄某将成为"老赖"。他考虑后决定参与。 通过伪造收入证明和银行流水，制造虚假房屋买卖及装修协议，黄某从银行拿到贷款40余万元。其中大 部分钱款被中介和炒房客分走，黄某拿到了小部分，但债务需要黄某偿还。 "这就是典型的'职业背债人'。"浙江师范大学特聘教授乔巴生介绍，"职业背债人"指的是社会上的一种 群体：以自己的名义替他人承担债务，获得一定的报酬。这些背债人从一开始就没打算，也没有能力还 款，所以，背上债务后很快就沦为失信被执行人，即俗称的"老赖"，各种生活消费都会受到限制。 虚构资产价格、伪造材料、帮助他人骗取贷款，是"职业背债"的方式之一。 辽宁锦州的刘力（化名）就是这样一名"背债人"。他告 ...

Core Viewpoint - The recent focus on combating financial black and gray industries during the "Financial Education Promotion Week" highlights the emergence of "professional debtors" and the associated risks of loan fraud and credit card scams [2][5][10] Group 1: Financial Fraud Cases - The first batch of typical cases released by the financial regulatory authorities includes a loan fraud case involving "professional debtors," where a total of 7.38 million yuan was fraudulently obtained [4][5] - The main perpetrator, Ning, was sentenced to 16 years in prison and fined 800,000 yuan for his involvement in the fraudulent activities [4][5] - The fraudulent activities involved fabricating down payment certificates and inflating property prices to deceive banks into issuing loans [4][5] Group 2: Characteristics of "Professional Debtors" - "Professional debtors" are individuals who are lured by illegal loan intermediaries with promises of quick wealth and no repayment obligations [6][8] - The scams typically involve false advertising, such as claims of high returns without repayment and the need to only contribute credit information [8][9] - Fraudulent materials, including fake employment and income certificates, are used to misrepresent individuals as qualified loan applicants [8][9] Group 3: Regulatory Response and Consumer Protection - The financial regulatory authorities have issued warnings to consumers to avoid falling into the "professional debtor" trap [8][10] - There is a concerted effort from regulatory bodies to combat financial black and gray industries, with a focus on loan fraud and illegal insurance practices [10][11] - Financial institutions are also taking proactive measures, including reward mechanisms for reporting illegal activities related to insurance and loans [10][13]

Core Viewpoint - A disturbing phenomenon has emerged where individuals are willingly becoming "debtors," driven by a hidden industry that exploits them, leading to severe financial and legal consequences [1][3]. Group 1: Industry Overview - The industry of "professional debtors" is rapidly growing, having extracted over 100 million from banks through a complex scheme [3]. - In 2024, there were 4.14 million pieces of loan fraud intelligence captured, with a 51% increase in the number of perpetrators in the second half of the year [3]. Group 2: Mechanism of the Scheme - The scheme operates in three main steps, starting with recruiting individuals from rural areas who lack assets and stable jobs, promising them quick financial gains [5]. - The second step involves creating a false identity for the debtor, presenting them as affluent individuals to facilitate loan acquisition [6]. - Once the loans are secured, the intermediaries disappear, leaving the debtors responsible for the massive debts, which can exceed millions [8]. Group 3: Legal Implications - Individuals involved in this scheme may face serious legal consequences, including charges of fraud and illegal fundraising, with potential prison sentences ranging from a few years to over ten years [11][12]. - Recent cases have shown that intermediaries and debtors have received significant prison sentences for their roles in these fraudulent activities [12].

Core Viewpoint - The emergence of "professional debtors" in the gray area of the credit market, who are manipulated by intermediary agencies to extract loans from banks, has created a complex network of financial crime [1][2][7]. Group 1: Characteristics of Professional Debtors - Professional debtors are a diverse group, including low-income individuals, unemployed people attracted by high earnings, and small business owners facing financial difficulties [2][3]. - Many professional debtors, referred to as "credit white households," have good credit histories and no assets, making them ideal candidates for intermediaries to exploit [2][3]. Group 2: The Role of Intermediaries - A well-organized network of intermediaries is involved in the process, including introducers, channel merchants, and operational intermediaries, all working together to facilitate loan acquisition [6][7]. - Intermediaries often promise high returns to professional debtors but take a significant portion of the loan as commission, leaving the debtors with minimal actual earnings [9][10]. Group 3: Legal Implications and Risks - Professional debtors face severe legal consequences, including potential charges of fraud, illegal fundraising, and money laundering, as they assist in fabricating documents to secure loans [10][11]. - Recent cases show that both intermediaries and professional debtors are subject to criminal penalties, with sentences for intermediaries often exceeding ten years [12].