以下文章来源于地球知识局 ，作者地球知识局 地球知识局 . 人文+地理+设计，全球视野新三观。 合作请联系：xiaobaibai_9999（注明品牌和需求） 2024年，中国粗钢产量10.05亿吨，在全球占比53.38%，连续5年成为十亿钢铁大国。产量榜TOP10中，中国 钢企独占6席。在产量这块，中国钢铁恐怖如斯。 这还是全国到处在抓过剩产能、落后产能的大环境下实现的。不过中国钢企也同时存在大而不够强、产量 多而不赚钱的阿喀琉斯之踵。 在净利润这块，中国最挣钱的四家上市钢企（宝钢、中信特钢、南钢、华菱钢铁），24年的净利润加在一 起，却还没有日本排第一的日本制铁高。 ▼ 上世纪末，日本制铁也曾遇到过产能过剩的情况，2018年甚至出现严重亏损。但短短几年，日本制铁就成 功扭亏为盈、大赚特赚，还出资149亿美元收购了美国钢铁（USS）。 日本制铁24年粗钢产量3964万吨，而中国宝武集团的产能则高达1.3亿吨，但日本制铁的净利润竟然如此之 高，究竟是咋搞的呢？ 日本之石，可以攻玉？ 在战后的1946年，彼时的日本不说是回到石器时代，那也是彻底去工业化和城市化了。当年，日本钢产量 只有56.4万吨，而美国同期则高 ...

Core Viewpoint - China has maintained its position as the world's largest steel producer, with a crude steel output of 1.005 billion tons in 2024, accounting for 53.38% of global production, despite efforts to reduce excess capacity [3][20]. Group 1: China's Steel Industry - China's steel industry is characterized by high production but low profitability, with the net profits of its top four listed steel companies in 2024 not surpassing that of Japan's Nippon Steel [3][5]. - In 2024, China exported 11.07 million tons of steel, with an average price of $755.4 per ton, indicating a trend of increasing volume but decreasing total revenue [20][22]. - China's reliance on imported iron ore is significant, with imports reaching 1.237 billion tons in 2024 at an average price of $106.9 per ton, making the industry vulnerable to international price fluctuations [23][25]. Group 2: Japan's Steel Industry Recovery - Japan's Nippon Steel faced severe losses in 2019 but implemented a comprehensive reform strategy that included shutting down high-cost production facilities and focusing on high-value products, leading to a turnaround in profitability within a year [14][18]. - The company shifted its focus to producing high-margin products, such as special steel, which accounted for approximately 20.96% of its total crude steel output in 2020, compared to only 12.31% for China [17][20]. - Japan's steel industry has benefited from government policies aimed at eliminating outdated capacity and promoting industry upgrades, which could serve as a model for China's steel sector [12][26]. Group 3: Future Directions for China's Steel Companies - Chinese steel companies are encouraged to learn from Japan's past experiences and focus on producing high-value-added steel products to enhance profitability and competitiveness [26]. - The development of high-quality steel products, such as LNG ship steel and aircraft carrier deck steel, indicates progress in technology and product diversification within China's steel industry [26].

Group 1 - In 2024, China's crude steel production reached 1.005 billion tons, accounting for 53.38% of global output, marking five consecutive years as a billion-ton steel powerhouse [2] - Among the top 10 steel producers, six are Chinese companies, highlighting China's dominance in steel production despite efforts to curb excess capacity [2] - The most profitable four listed steel companies in China (Baowu, CITIC Special Steel, Nanjing Steel, and Huazhong Steel) combined net profits in 2024 were still lower than Japan's Nippon Steel, which indicates a disparity in profitability despite higher production [2][5] Group 2 - Japan's Nippon Steel faced overcapacity issues in the late 1990s and significant losses in 2018, but successfully turned around its fortunes by 2020, demonstrating effective management strategies [5][20] - Key strategies employed by Japanese steel companies included securing low-cost iron ore supplies, focusing on high-value steel products, and government support for industry upgrades [14][18] - In 2020, Japan's crude steel production was 83.19 million tons, with special steel accounting for approximately 20.96% of total production, compared to China's 12.31% for special steel in the same year [30] Group 3 - China's steel industry is heavily reliant on imported iron ore, with 1.237 billion tons imported in 2024 at an average price of $106.9 per ton, making it vulnerable to international price fluctuations [37] - The Chinese steel sector is undergoing supply-side reforms aimed at transitioning to higher-value production, with notable advancements in technology and product quality [38] - The establishment of projects like the Simandou iron ore project in Guinea aims to enhance China's self-sufficiency in high-grade iron ore, potentially increasing domestic supply by 3-5% [37][38]

Core Insights - The steel industry in Rizhao is rapidly advancing towards the high-end global value chain, with significant technological breakthroughs and a projected output value of 194.55 billion yuan in 2024, accounting for nearly half of the city's industrial output [1] High-end Breakthroughs - Rizhao Steel Holding Group has achieved a significant milestone with its ESP technology, producing steel with thickness precision from 0.6 to 6.0 mm and strength ranging from 200 to 1500 MPa, which is utilized in major projects like the Three Gorges Dam and Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge [2] - Shandong Steel Rizhao's innovations include the successful application of hot-rolled pipeline steel in extreme cold conditions and the production of ultra-thick hot-rolled coils, revolutionizing the steel structure sector [2] Intelligent Empowerment - The integration of AI and digital technologies has transformed steel production processes, with Shandong Steel Rizhao developing AI machine vision for automatic steel transfer, significantly enhancing efficiency [3] - Rizhao Steel has reduced the quality verification time for its products from 48 hours to 30 minutes through its "digital steel coil" technology, streamlining production and improving product quality [3] Green Development - The steel industry in Rizhao is committed to green and low-carbon development, with Shandong Steel Rizhao investing over 8.4 billion yuan in environmental protection, achieving leading energy consumption and zero wastewater discharge [5] - Rizhao Steel's ESP technology has led to a reduction of over 70% in energy consumption and 80% in carbon dioxide emissions compared to traditional processes, setting a benchmark in the industry [5] Industrial Cluster Development - The Rizhao steel industry is positioned as a key driver for industrial transformation, aiming to create a world-class coastal advanced steel manufacturing base with a capacity of 40 million tons [6] - A specialized industrial park covering 36.4 square kilometers has been established, fostering a comprehensive industrial ecosystem that includes upstream operations, raw material processing, and downstream manufacturing [6]